Effects of altretamine: A Synthesis of Findings from 11 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Alprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, has been shown to be an effective treatment for anxiety. 7 In a double-blind study comparing alprazolam to diazepam and placebo, alprazolam was found to be at least as effective as diazepam in reducing anxiety symptoms. 7 Additionally, alprazolam demonstrated evidence of antidepressant activity in patients with neurotic depression. 7 However, research suggests that alprazolam can have a negative impact on cognitive functions, particularly at higher doses (1mg). 10 Furthermore, alprazolam can cause drowsiness and other side effects. 5 8 In a comparison with lorazepam, alprazolam appeared to cause fewer autonomic symptoms and dizziness. 6 Alprazolam has also been shown to be more effective than oxazepam in relieving anxiety associated with mild depression and improving overall performance. 3

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Alprazolam may be an effective treatment option for anxiety. 7 It has shown comparable efficacy to diazepam in reducing anxiety symptoms. 7 Alprazolam has also demonstrated potential antidepressant activity in patients with neurotic depression. 7 Compared to diazepam, alprazolam appears to cause less drowsiness and other side effects. 5 8

Risk Summary

Alprazolam can impair cognitive function, particularly at doses of 1mg or higher. 10 It can also cause drowsiness and other side effects. 5 8 9 There is also a risk of dependence and tolerance with prolonged use. 9

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities

Multiple studies have found alprazolam to be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms. 7 6 3 8 Additionally, several studies have shown that alprazolam causes less drowsiness and other side effects compared to diazepam. 5 8

Differences

The findings on the effectiveness and side effects of alprazolam vary across studies. For instance, a study on patients with panic disorder found alprazolam caused more side effects and adverse reactions compared to placebo. 9 In contrast, a study on children and adolescents with anxiety disorders showed no significant difference between alprazolam and placebo in terms of clinical improvement. 1 These findings suggest that the effects of alprazolam may vary based on individual factors.

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

The research on alprazolam has yielded mixed results regarding its effectiveness and side effects. 9 1 This variability may be attributed to individual differences in response to the medication. Additionally, factors such as dosage, administration methods, and patient characteristics can influence the effectiveness and side effect profile of alprazolam.

Implications for Real-Life Application

It is crucial to take alprazolam only as prescribed by a physician. 9 Self-medication or use in combination with other substances can increase the risk of side effects and adverse reactions. It's also important to remember that alprazolam can lead to dependence and tolerance, so long-term use should be discussed with a doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

Current research has limitations in terms of providing comprehensive data on the long-term effects and safety of alprazolam. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the factors that contribute to individual variability in response to the medication. Moreover, optimizing dosage, administration methods, and treatment protocols to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks remains an ongoing area of research.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on understanding the long-term effects and safety of alprazolam. Investigating the factors that contribute to individual variability in response to the medication is also essential. Researchers should continue to explore optimal dosage and administration methods to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of alprazolam while minimizing potential risks.

Conclusion

Alprazolam has shown potential as a treatment for anxiety, but it is essential to be aware of its potential side effects and risks, such as cognitive impairment and dependence. It is crucial to discuss the use of alprazolam with a healthcare professional to determine if it is the appropriate treatment option and to ensure safe and effective use.

Literature analysis of 11 papers
Positive Content
8
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
3
Article Type
11
0
0
0
11
1.

Clinical, cognitive, and neurophysiological effects of alprazolam in children and adolescents with overanxious and avoidant disorders.

Author: SimeonJ G, FergusonH B, KnottV, RobertsN, GauthierB, DuboisC, WigginsD

Safe for anxiety

Alprazolam did not show any significant difference from placebo in treating childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders in a double-blind study. While alprazolam was well tolerated, there were no significant clinical improvements.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

The effects of alprazolam alone and combined with alcohol on central integrative activity.

Author: BondA J, SilveiraJ C, LaderM H

Alcohol interaction
Alprazolam for sleep

Alprazolam, an anxiolytic medication, has dominant effects over alcohol on central nervous system activity. In a study involving 48 healthy volunteers, alprazolam decreased evoked response amplitudes, altered EEG activity, and decreased the frequency of perceived fusion, while alcohol prolonged reaction time and increased tremor.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Alprazolam and oxazepam in the treatment of anxious out-patients with depressive symptoms: a double-blind multicenter study.

Author: RimónR, KultalahtiE R, KalliA, KoskinenT, LepolaU, NaaralaM, TickE

Anxiety relief

Both alprazolam and oxazepam were effective in relieving anxiety associated with mild depression, with alprazolam proving somewhat more effective than oxazepam. Both drugs were well tolerated with few and mild adverse effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of a single nocturnal dose of alprazolam.

Author: NormanT R, BurrowsG D, McIntyreI M

Psychomotor impairment

Alprazolam was found to impair psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers. Significant impairment of choice reaction time occurred 1 and 11 h after the dose of alprazolam compared to placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of alprazolam and diazepam on the daytime sleepiness of non-anxious subjects.

Author: SeidelW F, CohenS A, WilsonL, DementW C

Selective tolerance to sedative effects
Daytime sedation

Alprazolam and diazepam both cause sedation, but alprazolam appears to cause more sedation initially. Tolerance develops to alprazolam's sedative effects, but not to its anti-anxiety effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

A double-blind study of alprazolam and lorazepam in the treatment of anxiety.

Author: RuizA T

Safe and effective for anxiety symptoms
Drowsiness
Lightheadedness

Alprazolam and lorazepam were equally effective and safe in treating anxiety in a 4-week double-blind study. Alprazolam was associated with fewer autonomic symptoms and dizziness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

A double blind comparison of alprazolam, diazepam and placebo in the treatment of anxious out-patients.

Author: DavisonK, FarquharsonR G, KhanM C, MajidA

Treats anxiety
Side effects

Alprazolam was as effective as diazepam in treating anxiety and showed evidence of antidepressant activity. Alprazolam had fewer and milder side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Alprazolam compared to diazepam and placebo in the treatment of anxiety.

Author: AdenG C, TheinS G

Fewer side effects
Reduced anxiety
Drowsiness

Alprazolam is effective in treating anxiety and is as effective as diazepam. It has fewer side effects than diazepam or placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Safety and side-effects of alprazolam. Controlled study in agoraphobia with panic disorder.

Author: O'SullivanG H, NoshirvaniH, BaşoğluM, MarksI M, SwinsonR, KuchK, KirbyM

Alprazolam side effects
Benzodiazepine side effects

Alprazolam was associated with more adverse reactions, such as depression, enuresis, disinhibition, and aggression, as well as more side effects, such as sedation, irritability, impaired memory, weight loss, and ataxia, compared to placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Behavioral effects of alprazolam in humans.

Author: KellyT H, FoltinR W, SerpickE, FischmanM W

Adverse performance effects

Alprazolam, a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, was found to have dose-related effects on performance in healthy volunteers. At doses of 0.5 mg or higher, alprazolam impaired performance on several tasks.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Cognitive, psychomotor and actual driving performance in healthy volunteers after immediate and extended release formulations of alprazolam 1 mg.

Author: LeufkensTim R M, VermeerenAnnemiek, SminkBeitske E, van RuitenbeekPeter, RamaekersJohannes G

Improved tolerability
Panic disorder treatment

Alprazolam extended-release (XR) is approved for the treatment of panic disorder and has fewer and less severe side effects than its immediate release equivalent (alprazolam IR).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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