Effects of benzyl alcohol topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Benzyl alcohol is a versatile compound with various applications in the medical and cosmetic industries. Studies have shown its potential to improve wound healing and provide pain relief. 2 demonstrated that topical benzyl alcohol application accelerated the healing process in an Achilles tendon injury model. This study suggested that benzyl alcohol may enhance collagen production and angiogenesis, leading to faster functional recovery. Moreover, benzyl alcohol has shown anesthetic properties, as reported in . Benzyl alcohol is also known to exert a local anesthetic effect, as evidenced by 7 , potentially due to its ability to block sodium channels. However, it is important to note that benzyl alcohol can also cause adverse effects, particularly in children, as suggested by 21 . This study found that benzyl alcohol, as an excipient in nasal medications, may pose potential risks to the pediatric population. Additionally, 18 highlighted the potential for benzyl alcohol to trigger allergic reactions in individuals.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Benzyl alcohol exhibits several benefits, including its ability to promote wound healing, particularly in tendons, as well as its anesthetic and pain-relieving properties. This makes it a potential therapeutic agent for various conditions involving pain and injuries. Its widespread use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals reflects its versatility and effectiveness in various applications.

Risk Summary

Benzyl alcohol can pose risks such as allergic reactions. It is crucial to use benzyl alcohol-containing products with caution, especially for children, as it may induce adverse effects in this population. Careful monitoring and informed decision-making are essential when considering the use of benzyl alcohol.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies consistently highlight the localized nature of benzyl alcohol's effects. The majority of the research agrees that it offers potential benefits while acknowledging associated risks. This indicates that benzyl alcohol, despite its potential, requires careful consideration for safe and effective application.

Differences

Studies exploring the effects and safety of benzyl alcohol vary in their focus, research subjects, and methodologies. For example, 2 investigated benzyl alcohol's wound healing properties in a specific tendon injury model, while 21 examined its potential adverse effects in pediatric nasal medications. These contrasting research findings underscore the importance of considering the specific context and target population when evaluating the benefits and risks of benzyl alcohol.

Consistency and Contradictions

While numerous studies explore benzyl alcohol's various effects, some inconsistencies and contradictions exist in the findings. For instance, 7 reported its local anesthetic properties, while 23 highlighted its efficacy in controlling head lice infestations. Such discrepancies highlight the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms of action and the spectrum of effects associated with benzyl alcohol. Additional investigation is essential to clarify the nuances of its applications and ensure its safe and effective use.

Practical Considerations

Given the widespread use of benzyl alcohol in numerous products, it's essential to be cautious when using products containing this ingredient. Individuals with a history of allergies should avoid using products that contain benzyl alcohol. Additional care is necessary when applying benzyl alcohol-containing products to children, as they may be more susceptible to adverse effects.

Current Research Limitations

The current body of research on benzyl alcohol remains incomplete. Further investigation is needed to thoroughly understand its long-term effects and overall safety profile. Long-term studies are particularly crucial to assess its potential for chronic toxicity or cumulative effects.

Future Research Directions

Future research should prioritize a deeper understanding of benzyl alcohol's effects and safety. This includes investigating its long-term consequences, particularly its impact on various populations and its potential for cumulative effects. Additionally, exploring its mechanisms of action could lead to more targeted and effective applications, ensuring its safe and optimal utilization.

Conclusion

Benzyl alcohol holds a range of benefits, including promoting wound healing and providing pain relief, but also poses potential risks, including allergic reactions and adverse effects in certain populations. Its widespread use demands caution, especially for children. Further research is essential to clarify its long-term impact and develop safe and effective applications for this versatile compound.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
5
Article Type
2
0
0
2
26
4.

A combination of topical antiseptics for the treatment of sore throat blocks voltage-gated neuronal sodium channels.

Author: FoadiNilufar, de OliveiraRegina Campos, BuchholzVanessa, StoetzerCarsten, WegnerFlorian, PilawskiIgor, HaeselerGertrud, LeuwerMartin, AhrensJörg

Local anaesthetic-like effects

A study investigated the local anesthetic-like effects of amylmetacresol and dichloro-benzylalcohol, ingredients in sore throat lozenges. The combination of these compounds, along with lidocaine, blocked inward sodium currents, suggesting a local anesthetic-like effect.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

The clinical trials supporting benzyl alcohol lotion 5% (Ulesfia): a safe and effective topical treatment for head lice (pediculosis humanus capitis).

Author: MeinkingTerri L, VillarMaria E, VicariaMaureen, EyerdamDebbie H, PaquetDiane, Mertz-RiveraKamara, RiveraHector F, HiriartJavier, ReynaSusan

Head lice treatment
Non-neurotoxic

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of benzyl alcohol lotion 5% (BAL 5%) as a non-neurotoxic topical treatment for head lice. BAL 5% was found to be safe and effective in children as young as 6 months of age, and is now available in the United States as Ulesfia lotion.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Topical antiseptics for the treatment of sore throat block voltage-gated neuronal sodium channels in a local anaesthetic-like manner.

Author: BuchholzVanessa, LeuwerMartin, AhrensJörg, FoadiNilufar, KrampflKlaus, HaeselerGertrud

Sore throat relief

The study investigated the local anesthetic-like effects of key ingredients in sore throat lozenges, namely hexylresorcinol, amylmetacresol, and dichloro-benzylalcohol. These ingredients were found to block sodium channels in vitro, which might explain their ability to provide relief from sore throat discomfort. Notably, hexylresorcinol and amylmetacresol were more potent than lidocaine in blocking sodium channels.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

A new standardized method of evaluating cutaneous irritation from topical medications.

Author: UliaszAnnemarie, LebwohlMark

Quantifies irritation

A new technique was used to evaluate and compare skin irritation from different topical medications.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Evaluation of phototoxic properties of fragrances.

Author: PlaczekMarianne, FrömelWolfgang, EberleinBernadette, GilbertzKlaus-Peter, PrzybillaBernhard

Skin protection
Phototoxic effects

Forty-three fragrances were evaluated for phototoxic effects in vitro using a photohemolysis test. Oakmoss was found to be highly phototoxic, while several other fragrances demonstrated moderate phototoxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Evaluation of phototoxic properties of antimicrobials used in topical preparations by a photohaemolysis test.

Author: PlaczekMarianne, KrostaIris, GaubeSabine, Eberlein-KönigBernadette, PrzybillaBernhard

Antimicrobial effect
Photosensitization

Antimicrobials are commonly used in topical formulations. This study investigated the phototoxicity of several antimicrobials using a photohaemolysis test. Bronopol and clioquinol were found to be phototoxic in vitro and might cause photosensitization when used on the skin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

[Pepper spray injuries of the anterior segment of the eye].

Author: KniestedtC, FleischhauerJ, StürmerJ, ThielM A

Corneal damage

Pepper spray application to the eye can cause severe and permanent damage to the corneo-conjunctival tissue, including corneal and conjunctival ischemia, epithelial defects, and deep stromal scarring.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

12.

Comparison of 4 analgesic agents for venipuncture.

Author: PattersonP, HussaA A, FedeleK A, VeghG L, HackmanC M

Convenience
Cost reduction
Venipuncture pain reduction

Benzyl alcohol (BA) was the most effective analgesic agent for venipuncture, with low pain on venipuncture, low cost, and convenience of use. Lidocaine was also effective, but had higher pain on application.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

13.

Allergic contact dermatitis to benzyl alcohol in a hearing aid impression material.

Author: ShawD W

Allergic contact dermatitis
Contact urticaria

This case report describes a patient with allergic contact dermatitis caused by benzyl alcohol in a hearing aid impression material and topical medications. The patient also had a corticosteroid allergy. Benzyl alcohol allergy can manifest as contact dermatitis, contact urticaria, and systemic reactions.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Delivery of erythromycin to subcutaneous tissues in rats by means of a trans-phase delivery system.

Author: PengL, NimniM E

Acne vulgaris treatment
Antibiotic treatment
Gut microflora alteration
Systemic side effects

A trans-phase delivery system (TPDS) enhances the penetration of erythromycin across the skin barrier compared to a propylene glycol solution.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Adherence of two film-forming medications to the oral mucosa.

Author: CarpenterW, SchiffT, FatD

Oral mucosa adherence
Burning sensation

The new formula of Zilactin, containing benzyl alcohol as the active ingredient, provided a statistically significant rate of adherence to the oral mucosa, with no major side effects reported.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Benzyl alcohol allergy.

Author: LiM, GowE

Vulval dermatitis

A 63-year-old woman with vulval lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and vulval dermatitis resistant to multiple therapies was found to be allergic to benzyl alcohol, a common preservative in topical creams.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Effect of ophthalmic preservatives on serum concentration and local irritation of ocularly applied insulin.

Author: SasakiH, TeiC, NishidaK, NakamuraJ

Hypoglycemia treatment

Ophthalmic preservatives, particularly benzalkonium chloride and paraben, can increase the absorption of ocularly applied insulin and reduce serum glucose concentration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Management of Head Louse Infestations in the United States-A Literature Review.

Author: KochEllen, ClarkJohn Marshall, CohenBernard, MeinkingTerri L, RyanWilliam G, StevensonAudrey, YetmanRobert, YoonKyong Sup

Head lice treatment
Ineffective treatment

This review provides a comprehensive overview of current head lice treatments available in the United States, offering guidance for healthcare providers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

Preparation and valuation of a topical solution containing eutectic mixture of itraconazole and phenol.

Author: ParkChun-Woong, KimJu-Young, RheeYun-Seok, OhTack-Oon, HaJung-Myung, ChoiNa-Young, ChiSang-Cheol, ParkEun-Seok

Improved skin deposition
Improved skin permeation

This study developed a topical solution containing itraconazole-phenol eutectic mixture and evaluated its skin permeation, deposition, and irritation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Microbicide excipients can greatly increase susceptibility to genital herpes transmission in the mouse.

Author: MoenchThomas R, MumperRussell J, HoenTimothy E, SunMianmian, ConeRichard A

Prevent HSV-2

Vaginal microbicides are designed to prevent sexually transmitted infections, but some active ingredients and inactive ingredients may paradoxically increase susceptibility to infection. This study is the first to test the effects of inactive ingredients on viral susceptibility.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

26.

Physiological and behavioural effects of intradermal injection of sodium lauryl sulfate as an alternative to mulesing in lambs.

Author: ColditzI G, PaullD R, LeeC, FisherA D

Reduced mulesing need
Fever
Inflammation

Intradermal injection of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) offers a less stressful alternative to mulesing for preventing flystrike in sheep. It induces mild swelling and fever, but behavioral changes are less pronounced than with mulesing.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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