Effects of cantharidin topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 90 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Effects of cantharidin topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 90 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Caffeine is a widely consumed psychoactive substance found in coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks. Numerous studies have revealed its potential to enhance athletic performance and cognitive function. However, the extent to which caffeine ingestion influences individual athletic performance is influenced by a multitude of factors such as dosage, timing, training status, and habitual caffeine intake. 68

Research indicates that caffeine might particularly improve performance in short-term high-intensity exercise. 68 Specifically, team sports and power-based sports have shown significant performance improvements with caffeine ingestion. However, this effect is more pronounced in elite athletes who do not regularly consume caffeine. Furthermore, research suggests that caffeine can also benefit resistance training. 68

While the exact mechanism by which caffeine enhances athletic performance remains incompletely understood, it is believed that caffeine stimulates the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and adrenaline, thereby increasing nervous system excitability. 88 Additionally, caffeine may facilitate increased energy supply during exercise by promoting fat acid utilization in muscle tissue. 88

Moreover, caffeine is known for its effects in maintaining alertness and enhancing attention. 72 Caffeine intake has been shown to reduce reaction time, improve performance on cognitive tasks, and facilitate the encoding of new information. 72 Furthermore, caffeine may help maintain alertness and performance levels in individuals experiencing fatigue or drowsiness. 36

However, it is crucial to be aware of the potential side effects of caffeine, such as anxiety, insomnia, and dependence, which can occur with high doses or long-term consumption. 12

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Caffeine can potentially enhance athletic performance and cognitive function. It is particularly expected to improve performance in short-term high-intensity exercise. Additionally, it is expected to maintain alertness and enhance attention.

Risk Summary

Caffeine can potentially lead to side effects like anxiety, insomnia, and dependence when consumed in high doses or over long periods.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities among studies

Many studies suggest that caffeine can enhance athletic performance and cognitive function.

Differences between studies

Research has indicated that the influence of caffeine ingestion on individual athletic performance varies. This is because numerous factors, including dosage, timing, training status, and habitual caffeine intake, play a role.

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

The effects of caffeine can vary depending on individual body composition, dosage, and timing, making it impossible to apply all research findings uniformly. Furthermore, the long-term impact of caffeine consumption on the body is not yet fully understood.

Cautions regarding Application in Real Life

While moderate caffeine consumption can potentially enhance athletic performance and cognitive function, excessive intake can be detrimental to the body. Therefore, it is essential to consider individual body composition, dosage, and timing when consuming caffeine.

Limitations of Current Research

The effects of caffeine are influenced by individual body composition, dosage, and timing, rendering it difficult to generalize all research findings. Moreover, the long-term effects of caffeine consumption on the body remain incompletely understood.

Future Research Directions

Further research is required to elucidate the long-term impact of caffeine consumption on the body. Additionally, studies that consider individual body composition, dosage, and timing are needed.

Conclusion

Caffeine, when consumed moderately, can potentially improve athletic performance and cognitive function. However, excessive consumption can have detrimental effects on the body. Therefore, it is crucial to take into account individual body composition, dosage, and timing when consuming caffeine.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
No negative effects for caffeine-familiar
3
Improves attention
Increases alertness
5
Alertness improvement
Auditory vigilance enhancement
9
Caffeine Effects
Improved Attention
10
Improved performance on difficult tasks
11
Mood improvement
Vigilance improvement
13
Alertness increase
Headache decrease
Tiredness decrease
14
Improved cognition
Improved mood
17
Caffeine effects on cognition
18
Decreased sleep tendency
19
Mental performance enhancement
20
Caffeine awareness
21
Caffeine awareness
Increased alertness
22
Cognitive performance
23
Arousal regulation
Caffeine benefits
Improved recall
27
Enhanced performance
Improved mood
28
Improved cognitive performance
Improved motor performance
29
Improved mood
Improved performance
30
None reported
31
Asthma treatment
33
Alerting effects
Improved reaction time
Less sleep disruption
Sustained performance
34
Improved mood
Increased alertness
35
Improved performance
Improved vigilance
36
Mood improvement
38
Asthma treatment
39
Improved performance
Increased mental alertness
43
Cognitive enhancement
44
Cognitive enhancement
45
Improve cognitive performance
Improve mood
46
Enhanced performance
Improved mood
48
Stimulatory effect
49
Increased arousal
50
Alertness improvement
Information encoding enhancement
Reaction time improvement
51
Improved alertness
Improved performance
53
Blood pressure reduction
Cognitive performance
Relaxation
56
Improved cognitive function
Reduced mental fatigue
57
arousal modulation
58
Mental fatigue reduction
Task performance improvement
59
Cognitive enhancement
60
Subjective activation
62
Improved cognitive ability
Improved endurance performance
63
Alertness
Performance efficiency
65
Improved performance
67
Exercise performance enhancement
68
Improved attention
Improved memory
69
Caffeine tolerance
70
Cognitive function
72
Counteracts alcohol-induced alertness drop
73
Concentration enhancement
Memory enhancement
Physical performance improvement
76
Improved attention
Improved executive updating
Reduced fatigue
77
Conflict monitoring
78
Muscle strength
79
Cognitive function enhancement
80
Improved performance
Treatment for apnea
81
Exercise performance enhancement
85
Improved cognition
Improved mood
86
Improved athletic performance
87
Exercise performance
88
Cognitive enhancement
Mood enhancement
89
Risk Keywords
Alcohol and caffeine effects vary by gender
1
Detrimental to caffeine-naive
3
Caffeine and stress
4
Caffeine-related symptoms
6
Caffeine accumulation
7
Hypertension
Increased stress response
8
Caffeine tolerance
9
Increased anxiety
11
Anxiety
12
Anxiety
15
Caffeine deprivation risk
16
Increased tension
22
Anxiety
Muscular tension
23
Headache
24
Hip fracture
Osteoporosis
25
Craving
Hunger
26
Increased blood pressure
Increased fatigue
28
Anxiety
Excitement
Irritability
Nausea
Nervousness
Palpitations
Restlessness
Tension
29
Fatigue
30
Increased clozapine exposure
31
Caffeine withdrawal
Cerebral blood flow
EEG changes
32
Sleep onset disruption
Sleep quality disruption
34
Autonomic stimulation
35
Side effects
36
Insulin resistance
40
Caffeine tolerance incomplete
Mood impairment
41
Caffeine tolerance
42
Caffeine withdrawal
45
Adverse effects
Increase blood pressure
46
Impaired sleep
Reduced sleep depth
47
Withdrawal effects
48
Headache
57
Deeper fatigue
59
caffeine withdrawal
withdrawal reversal
61
Ineffective for sleep loss
64
Neuropsychological effects
66
Decreased performance
68
Cardiovascular changes
70
Alcohol related harms
71
No effect on alcohol-induced performance
73
Placebo effect
75
Caffeine dependence
Caffeine intoxication
76
Cognitive impairment
78
Expectancy
Motivation
79
Sleep disruption
81
Increased insulin
82
Acute effects
Behavioral effects
Bone status
Cardiovascular toxicity
Reproductive and developmental effects
83
Jittery ratings
86
Slight decrease in performance
87
Anxiogenic effects
Stimulant effects
90
Literature analysis of 90 papers
Positive Content
62
Neutral Content
8
Negative Content
20
Article Type
81
3
6
6
90
1.

The effects of alcohol and caffeine on concentration test performance.

Author: KeuchelI, KohnenR, LienertG A

Alcohol and caffeine effects vary by gender

A study of 28 students (7 in each group) found that alcohol and caffeine affected concentration differently based on gender. In men, both alcohol and caffeine decreased concentration, and when combined, their effects were synergistic, meaning they amplified each other. In women, alcohol and caffeine increased concentration, but when combined, their effects were antagonistic, meaning they canceled each other out.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

[Multichannel EEG spectral analysis of the caffeine effect].

Author: KünkelH

Coffee and caffeine solution produced a significant reduction in theta-amplitude, dominant theta-frequency, and theta-frequency-variation in EEG studies.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

3.

Effect of caffeine on motor performance by caffeine-naive and -familiar subjects.

Author: JacobsonB H, Thurman-LaceyS R

No negative effects for caffeine-familiar
Detrimental to caffeine-naive

Caffeine had detrimental effects on selected manipulation skills in caffeine-naive women but not in caffeine-familiar women.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Cardiovascular responses to the combination of caffeine and mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and static exercise stressors.

Author: FranceC, DittoB

Caffeine and stress

Caffeine combined with stressor tasks, such as mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and static exercise, significantly increased blood pressure and finger temperature in healthy males.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

A comparison of the central nervous system effects of caffeine and theophylline in elderly subjects.

Author: YuG, MaskrayV, JacksonS H, SwiftC G, TipladyB

Improves attention
Increases alertness

This study compared the effects of caffeine and theophylline to a placebo on cognitive performance and subjective feelings in 20 healthy older adults. Caffeine significantly improved performance on a continuous attention task compared to both placebo and theophylline. Participants also reported feeling more alert, energetic, and interested on caffeine compared to placebo or theophylline. While both drugs reached similar blood levels, caffeine appeared to be a more potent stimulant.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Efficacy of caffeine versus expectancy in altering caffeine-related symptoms.

Author: ChristensenL, MillerJ, JohnsonD

Caffeine-related symptoms

The study found no significant effect of caffeine or expectancy on caffeine-related symptoms after controlling for the increased probability of Type I error. This suggests that previous reports of subjective caffeine effects may have been influenced by methodological limitations.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Effects of caffeine with repeated dosing.

Author: DenaroC P, BrownC R, JacobP, BenowitzN L

Caffeine accumulation

This study examined the effects of regular caffeine consumption on 9 healthy individuals. While the body developed tolerance to caffeine's effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels, high doses of caffeine (equivalent to 6-11 cups of coffee daily) still showed a trend towards increasing levels of norepinephrine (a hormone associated with stress) and free fatty acids. This suggests that regular high-dose caffeine intake may have persistent effects on the body even after tolerance develops.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

8.

The influence of user status and anxious disposition on the hypertensive effects of caffeine.

Author: JamesJ E

Hypertension
Increased stress response

Caffeine was found to produce significant elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, especially in males. In a randomized double-blind crossover study of 60 normotensive subjects, caffeine produced hypertensive effects that were additive to the pressor effects of stress and anxiety.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Effects of caffeine on alertness.

Author: Zwyghuizen-DoorenbosA, RoehrsT A, LipschutzL, TimmsV, RothT

Alertness improvement
Auditory vigilance enhancement
Caffeine tolerance

Caffeine improves alertness and performance, but tolerance develops rapidly with repeated use.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Acute autonomic nervous system effects of caffeine in prepubertal boys.

Author: ZahnT P, RapoportJ L

Caffeine Effects
Improved Attention

Caffeine was tested in 19 prepubertal boys for its effects on autonomic activity. Caffeine increased skin conductance responses and decreased heart rate and motor activity at a lower dose. It also showed evidence of improved attention.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Effects of caffeine on mood and memory.

Author: LokeW H

Improved performance on difficult tasks
Increased anxiety

A double-blind study of caffeine on mood and memory tasks found that 200 mg of caffeine improved performance on more difficult tasks. Caffeine also reduced boredom and relaxation, but increased anxiety, tenseness, and nervousness. Regular caffeine users showed improved memory, especially at the beginning of word lists.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

12.

Plasma adenosine levels: measurement in humans and relationship to the anxiogenic effects of caffeine.

Author: BoulengerJ P, SalemN, MarangosP J, UhdeT W

Anxiety

Caffeine did not affect plasma adenosine levels in eight healthy volunteers who were given placebo or three doses of caffeine (240, 480, and 720 mg). Caffeine's effects on anxiety were related to changes in plasma caffeine levels but not plasma adenosine levels.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

The effects of caffeine and aspirin on mood and performance.

Author: LiebermanH R, WurtmanR J, EmdeG G, CoviellaI L

Mood improvement
Vigilance improvement

Caffeine (64 mg) combined with aspirin (800 mg) significantly improved vigilance performance and increased self-reported efficiency compared to placebo or aspirin alone. This dose of caffeine alone also significantly increased vigilance and decreased reaction time. No adverse effects of caffeine were detected.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

The psychopharmacological and electrophysiological effects of single doses of caffeine in healthy human subjects.

Author: BruceM, ScottN, LaderM, MarksV

Alertness increase
Headache decrease
Tiredness decrease

Caffeine produced dose-related effects on physiological and psychological measures, including an increase in skin conductance level and self-rating of alertness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

Effects of caffeine use and ingestion on a protracted visual vigilance task.

Author: LokeW H, MeliskaC J

Anxiety

College students who are high caffeine users (HCU) were found to perform worse on a visual vigilance task than low caffeine users (LCU). They made fewer hits, more false alarms, and responded faster. Caffeine administration did not have a significant effect on the task performance. Male subjects were more anxious after the experiment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Effects of caffeine deprivation on complex human functioning.

Author: StreufertS, PogashR, MillerJ, GingrichD, LandisR, LonardiL, SeversW, RoacheJ D

Caffeine deprivation risk

Caffeine deprivation caused discomfort and decreased managerial effectiveness in a study of 25 managers. Cognitive effectiveness during complex task performance was diminished, but strategic performance requiring high cognitive effort was unaffected.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

17.

Effects of caffeine on cognition and mood without caffeine abstinence.

Author: WarburtonD M

Improved cognition
Improved mood

Low doses of caffeine improved attention, problem-solving, and delayed recall in healthy people. It also significantly increased feelings of clearheadedness, happiness, and calmness while decreasing tenseness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

18.

Mental effects of caffeine in fatigued and non-fatigued female and male subjects.

Author: LindeL

Caffeine effects on cognition

Caffeine had a mixed effect on cognitive performance, depending on gender and task complexity. Women experienced negative effects on complex tasks, while men showed positive effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

The effects of caffeine on simulated night-shift work and subsequent daytime sleep.

Author: MuehlbachM J, WalshJ K

Decreased sleep tendency

Caffeine can decrease physiological sleep tendency during night shifts, but does not affect performance. Caffeine consumption did not show a discontinuation effect on sleep latency.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

Acute dose-effect relationships of caffeine and mental performance, EEG, cardiovascular and subjective parameters.

Author: HasenfratzM, BättigK

Mental performance enhancement

This study investigated the dose-effect relationship of caffeine on mental performance, cardiovascular, EEG, and mood parameters in female coffee drinkers. Caffeine showed heterogeneous dose-effect relationships, with increasing effects observed for some parameters (alpha- and beta-EEG frequencies, anxiety, wakefulness) and negative dose-effect relationships observed for others (RIP processing rate, blood pressure).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of theobromine and caffeine in humans.

Author: MumfordG K, EvansS M, KaminskiB J, PrestonK L, SannerudC A, SilvermanK, GriffithsR R

Caffeine awareness

This study investigated theobromine and caffeine discrimination and subjective effects in humans. Five out of seven participants discriminated theobromine at doses ranging from 100 to 560 mg, while all seven discriminated caffeine at doses ranging from 1.8 to 178 mg. Caffeine significantly altered subjective ratings, while theobromine did not.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

22.

Do double-blind studies with informed consent yield externally valid results? An empirical test.

Author: KirschI, RosadinoM J

Caffeine awareness
Increased alertness
Increased tension

This study found that instructions regarding caffeine consumption significantly impacted subjective feelings of alertness. Participants who knew they were consuming caffeine reported greater tension. Caffeine also increased alertness and systolic blood pressure. This challenge the external validity of typical double-blind studies, where participants are aware of the possibility of a placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

23.

Caffeine and smoking: subjective, performance, and psychophysiological effects.

Author: PritchardW S, RobinsonJ H, deBethizyJ D, DavisR A, StilesM F

Cognitive performance
Anxiety
Muscular tension

Caffeine increases muscular tension and anxiety, while smoking improves cognitive performance and increases heart rate. Both substances have different effects on brain activity as measured by EEG.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

Cardiovascular, behavioral, and subjective effects of caffeine under field conditions.

Author: HöferI, BättigK

Headache

This study examined the effects of continuous and intermittent caffeine abstinence on physiological and subjective measures. Caffeine abstinence resulted in increased heart rate, decreased motor activity, and subjective changes, while intermittent abstinence led to increased wakefulness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Coffee: brew or bane?

Author: ThompsonW G

Hip fracture
Osteoporosis

This literature review examined the effects of coffee and caffeine on various health outcomes. Coffee did not have an appreciable effect on hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, or cancer.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

26.

Coffee and alcohol intake as predictors of smoking cessation and tobacco withdrawal.

Author: HughesJ R, OlivetoA H

Craving
Hunger

A study of 105 smokers who received physician advice plus placebo gum and 630 self-quitters found that neither alcohol nor caffeine use before or after quitting smoking predicted relapse or withdrawal symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

27.

Effects of caffeine and gender on physiology and performance: further tests of a biobehavioral model.

Author: SmithB D, DavidsonR A, GreenR L

Arousal regulation
Caffeine benefits
Improved recall

This study found that habitual caffeine use can increase arousal and improve memory performance. Acute caffeine intake can also increase arousal and reduce habituation to stimuli. These effects were found to be different for men and women.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

28.

Illustrating caffeine's pharmacological and expectancy effects utilizing a balanced placebo design.

Author: LotshawS C, BradleyJ R, BrooksL R

Enhanced performance
Improved mood
Increased blood pressure
Increased fatigue

Caffeine consumption may be governed by both pharmacological and expectancy effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

29.

Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and psychomotor effects of caffeine in humans.

Author: KaplanG B, GreenblattD J, EhrenbergB L, GoddardJ E, CotreauM M, HarmatzJ S, ShaderR I

Improved cognitive performance
Improved motor performance
Anxiety
Excitement
Irritability
Nausea
Nervousness
Palpitations
Restlessness
Tension

This study examined the effects of different doses of caffeine on subjective effects, performance, and electroencephalographic activity. Lower doses of caffeine (250 mg) produced more favorable subjective effects and enhanced performance compared to higher doses (500 mg), which were associated with more unpleasant effects and less performance enhancement.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

30.

Mood and psychomotor performance effects of the first, but not of subsequent, cup-of-coffee equivalent doses of caffeine consumed after overnight caffeine abstinence.

Author: RobelinM, RogersP J

Improved mood
Improved performance
Fatigue

This study investigated the effects of caffeine on mood and performance in 64 regular caffeine consumers. Caffeine significantly improved mood and performance compared to placebo, particularly improving reaction time and reducing performance decline over time. Interestingly, the study found that one, two, or three doses of caffeine (totalling 86, 172, and 258 mg) were equally effective, suggesting a flat dose-response relationship for caffeine's effects on mood and performance. The study concludes that while caffeine can improve mood and performance, the benefits may not outweigh the downsides of frequent caffeine use, particularly considering the negative effects of caffeine withdrawal.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

31.

Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.

Author: HäggS, SpigsetO, MjörndalT, DahlqvistR

None reported
Increased clozapine exposure

Caffeine in daily doses of 400-1000 mg inhibits the metabolism of clozapine to an extent that might be clinically significant in certain individuals.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

32.

Caffeine withdrawal increases cerebral blood flow velocity and alters quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) activity.

Author: JonesH E, HerningR I, CadetJ L, GriffithsR R

Caffeine withdrawal
Cerebral blood flow
EEG changes

Caffeine withdrawal produced changes in cerebral blood flow velocity and quantitative EEG, which may be related to classic caffeine withdrawal symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

33.

Caffeine for asthma.

Author: BaraA I, BarleyE A

Asthma treatment

This review summarizes the evidence for caffeine's potential role as an asthma treatment. Caffeine has pharmacological effects similar to theophylline, an asthma treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

34.

A naturalistic investigation of the effects of day-long consumption of tea, coffee and water on alertness, sleep onset and sleep quality.

Author: HindmarchI, RigneyU, StanleyN, QuinlanP, RycroftJ, LaneJ

Alerting effects
Improved reaction time
Less sleep disruption
Sustained performance
Sleep onset disruption
Sleep quality disruption

Day-long consumption of caffeinated beverages may maintain aspects of cognitive and psychomotor performance throughout the day and evening when caffeinated beverages are administered repeatedly.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

35.

The acute physiological and mood effects of tea and coffee: the role of caffeine level.

Author: QuinlanP T, LaneJ, MooreK L, AspenJ, RycroftJ A, O'BrienD C

Improved mood
Increased alertness
Autonomic stimulation

Caffeine acutely stimulates the autonomic nervous system and increases alertness, but caffeine level is not an important factor in its acute effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

36.

Slow-release caffeine: a new response to the effects of a limited sleep deprivation.

Author: LagardeD, BatéjatD, SicardB, TrocherieS, ChassardD, EnslenM, ChauffardF

Improved performance
Improved vigilance
Side effects

Slow-release caffeine (300 mg) effectively maintained a good level of vigilance and performance during limited sleep deprivation, lasting for 13 hours after treatment.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

37.

Effect of smoking abstinence on the subjective effects of caffeine.

Author: HughesJ R, LiguoriA, DominickA, MacLaughlinM

This study investigated the effect of abstinence from smoking on the subjective effects of caffeine. Abstinence from smoking did not significantly change the effects of caffeine, suggesting that smokers trying to quit do not need to change their caffeine intake.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

38.

[Experimental study of the effect of acetylsalicylic acid combined with caffeine regarding possible abuse potential].

Author: HüppeA, JankeW

Mood improvement

This study investigated the effects of aspirin and caffeine on mood and cardiovascular parameters in women. Caffeine was found to reduce negative mood, while aspirin had no effect. The combination of aspirin and caffeine did not increase positive mood.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : German

39.

Caffeine for asthma.

Author: BaraA I, BarleyE A

Asthma treatment

This is a review of the evidence regarding caffeine's potential role in asthma treatment. Caffeine has a variety of pharmacological effects and is chemically related to theophylline, a drug used to treat asthma.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

40.

Caffeine can decrease insulin sensitivity in humans.

Author: KeijzersGerben B, De GalanBastiaan E, TackCees J, SmitsPaul

Insulin resistance

Caffeine, a common stimulant in beverages, has been hypothesized to reduce insulin sensitivity by increasing catecholamine release and/or blocking adenosine-mediated glucose uptake.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

41.

Central and peripheral effects of sustained caffeine use: tolerance is incomplete.

Author: WatsonJoanne, DearyIan, KerrDavid

Caffeine tolerance incomplete
Mood impairment

Tolerance to caffeine is incomplete, as demonstrated by persistent effects on both peripheral and central mechanisms even after chronic caffeine consumption. While regular caffeine intake may lead to a less pronounced effect on blood vessel dilation and mood, it does not completely eliminate these effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

42.

Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: a study of realistic consumption.

Author: BriceCarolyn F, SmithAndrew P

Caffeine tolerance

There is a need for more research on the behavioral effects of realistic patterns of caffeine consumption, as many studies have used large, single doses that do not reflect typical ingestion habits.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

43.

Effects of caffeine on performance and mood depend on the level of caffeine abstinence.

Author: YeomansMartin R, RipleyTamzin, DaviesLaura H, RustedJennifer M, RogersPeter J

Improved performance
Increased mental alertness

Caffeine reliably improves performance and mental alertness in moderate caffeine consumers who are caffeine-deprived. However, these effects are significantly reduced or eliminated when consumers are no longer deprived, suggesting that the observed effects are primarily due to the reversal of caffeine withdrawal.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

44.

Cognitive and physiological effects of an "energy drink": an evaluation of the whole drink and of glucose, caffeine and herbal flavouring fractions.

Author: ScholeyAndrew B, KennedyDavid O

Cognitive enhancement

A soft drink containing caffeine and glucose, as well as flavouring levels of herbal extracts, resulted in significantly improved performance on 'secondary memory' and 'speed of attention' factors compared to placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

45.

Cognitive and mood improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine.

Author: HaskellCrystal F, KennedyDavid O, WesnesKeith A, ScholeyAndrew B

Cognitive enhancement
Caffeine withdrawal

This study highlights the need for further research on the effects of caffeine in non-deprived, habitual caffeine users to separate the effects of caffeine from caffeine withdrawal.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

46.

Cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood, and pressor effects of caffeine after 4, 6 and 8 h caffeine abstinence.

Author: HeatherleySusan V, HaywardRobert C, SeersHelen E, RogersPeter J

Improve cognitive performance
Improve mood
Adverse effects
Increase blood pressure

Caffeine consumed after 8 hours of abstinence improves cognitive performance and mood, but has some adverse effects after shorter periods of abstinence.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

47.

Caffeine effects on recovery sleep following 27 h total sleep deprivation.

Author: LaJambeCynthia M, KamimoriGary H, BelenkyGregory, BalkinThomas J