Major research findings

Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has shown potential as an aromatase inhibitor, which is a type of drug used to treat breast cancer by blocking the production of estrogen. found that EGb inhibited aromatase activity in human choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3). This suggests that EGb could potentially be developed as a new treatment for breast cancer.

However, numerous studies have also investigated the potential side effects of Ginkgo biloba. A systematic review in documented adverse effects of plant food supplements and botanical preparations, including Ginkgo biloba. 2 highlighted potential interactions between Ginkgo biloba and other medications, as it can influence the metabolism of certain drugs, possibly leading to altered drug effectiveness or increased side effects.

While found that polyprenols extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBP) were generally safe, identified hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with ginkgolic acids, a component of Ginkgo biloba. These findings emphasize the importance of further research and caution in using Ginkgo biloba products.

Overall, while Ginkgo biloba shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent, further research is needed to fully understand its safety and efficacy, particularly in relation to its potential side effects and drug interactions.

Reasons for side effects

The side effects of Ginkgo biloba are attributed to its complex composition, containing various active compounds such as ginkgolides and flavonoids. These compounds can interact with different enzymes, receptors, and cellular pathways in the body, leading to a range of effects, some of which may be undesirable.

Common side effects

Digestive System

Gastrointestinal issues such as stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea have been reported as side effects of Ginkgo biloba. provides evidence for these side effects, highlighting the importance of monitoring gastrointestinal health while taking Ginkgo biloba.

Nervous System

Ginkgo biloba can impact the nervous system, potentially causing headaches, dizziness, and unsteadiness. It's important to note that Ginkgo biloba has anticoagulant properties, which may increase the risk of bleeding, especially in individuals with a history of bleeding disorders. 3 suggests a possible association between Ginkgo biloba and worsening tinnitus symptoms.

Other Side Effects

Allergic reactions, skin rashes, and itching are also potential side effects of Ginkgo biloba. reviews the safety of medicinal plants used for vitiligo and hypermelanosis, suggesting potential complications associated with Ginkgo biloba use.

Measures to take for side effects

Digestive System Side Effects

If you experience gastrointestinal issues, consider reducing your dosage, taking Ginkgo biloba with food, or discontinuing use. Consulting your doctor or pharmacist is crucial for proper management.

Nervous System Side Effects

Discontinue Ginkgo biloba and seek medical attention if you experience severe headache, dizziness, or other neurological symptoms. It's essential to rule out any serious medical conditions that might be causing these symptoms.

Other Side Effects

If you experience allergic reactions, skin rashes, or itching, discontinue Ginkgo biloba and seek medical attention. Before starting any Ginkgo biloba supplement, it's essential to consult with your doctor or pharmacist to ensure it's safe for you.

Comparison between studies

Common points in research

Research consistently suggests that Ginkgo biloba has diverse pharmacological effects. While generally considered safe, the potential for side effects increases with higher dosages and when taken in conjunction with other medications.

Differences in research

Studies on the side effects of Ginkgo biloba have yielded varying results, influenced by differences in the populations studied, methodologies used, and specific Ginkgo biloba preparations examined. It's important to consider these variations when interpreting research findings.

Precautions for application in real life

While Ginkgo biloba is widely available as health supplements and food products, it's essential to consult with your doctor or pharmacist before taking it. They can help determine if Ginkgo biloba is appropriate for you and advise on the appropriate dosage and potential interactions with any medications you are currently taking.

Limitations of current research

Research on the side effects of Ginkgo biloba remains incomplete. Long-term studies are lacking, and there's a need for more comprehensive research to explore interactions with various medications and side effects in individuals with different health conditions and sensitivities.

Future research directions

Further research on the safety and efficacy of Ginkgo biloba is necessary. This includes long-term studies to assess potential chronic side effects, investigations into interactions with various medications, and comprehensive studies on the effects of different Ginkgo biloba preparations and dosages on diverse populations.

Conclusion

Ginkgo biloba holds promise for treating various conditions, but its use should be guided by a thorough understanding of its potential side effects and interactions with other medications. It's crucial to consult with your doctor or pharmacist before taking Ginkgo biloba supplements to ensure safety and appropriate use.