Main Research Findings

Meridians are theoretical pathways in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that connect specific points called acupoints. 1 discovered that acupoints have distinct bioelectrical properties compared to normal skin. They exhibit higher electrical conductivity and lower resistance, and also show capacitor-like properties, suggesting a connection to their inherent electrical potential. 2 explored the potential benefit of applying TAT-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (TAT-SOD) topically to the left acupoint Zusanli (ST 36) for essential hypertension. The study also observed a possible connection between changes in electrical potential difference (EPD) and blood pressure variations. 3 highlights that meridian theory forms a core component of TCM, explaining how human life functions, diseases arise, and therapies address illness. The research proposes that meridians function as low-resistance fluid channels (LHRC) enabling various chemical and physical transports, termed volume transmission (VT). 4 highlights acupuncture, practiced for over 2000 years in China, as a treatment for various diseases based on meridian theory. While not conclusively identified as anatomical structures, meridians serve as a guide for practitioners in TCM to diagnose and treat patients. Research points to acupoints being located over major neuronal bundles, with the pericardial meridians (P) 5, 6, overlaying the deep median nerve (relevant for the cardiovascular system), and (St) 36, 37 overlaying the deep peroneal nerve (involved with gastrointestinal processes). Acupuncture needles, manipulated manually or stimulated with low current and frequency, are documented to modulate peripheral and central neural pathways. 6 demonstrated the impact of acupuncture at acupoints across 12 meridians on gastrointestinal and cardiac electricity in healthy adults. The study investigated specific regulatory relationships between meridian points and internal organs. 7 compared the bio-potential of the stomach meridians in healthy subjects and patients with gastric disease. The study observed regular response patterns in healthy subjects to needle insertion, while patients with gastric disease showed irregular patterns. The potential values were also significantly higher in healthy individuals, particularly in the right meridian of patients with gastric disease. These studies suggest that acupoints can influence various organs and systems through their bioelectrical characteristics. It also implies a possible role for meridians as channels for the transmission of energy and information in the body.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Research on meridians and acupoints suggests several potential benefits. 2 indicates that applying TAT-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (TAT-SOD) to the left acupoint Zusanli (ST 36) might have therapeutic effects on essential hypertension. 5 reported improved motor function in stroke patients after meridian unblocking, Du-channel massage, and rehabilitation training. 8 suggests distinct therapeutic effects of acupoints selected along different meridians for restless legs syndrome. These studies highlight the potential effectiveness of meridians and acupoints in treating specific diseases and conditions.

Risk Summary

The studies don’t explicitly mention specific risks associated with meridians and acupoints. However, acupuncture and other meridian therapies are generally considered safe when performed by qualified professionals. Nonetheless, potential risks like infection and needle-related pain should be considered.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities Across Studies

These studies point to the potential significance of meridians and acupoints in bodily functions. Several studies confirmed the distinct bioelectrical properties of acupoints compared to normal skin. The research also indicates the potential effectiveness of meridians and acupoints in addressing various diseases and symptoms.

Differences Across Studies

The studies employed diverse methods to investigate the function and effectiveness of meridians and acupoints. 2 focused on the impact of TAT-SOD application on acupoints, while 6 studied the effects of acupuncture on acupoints. 7 investigated bio-potential in the stomach meridians of gastric disease patients, whereas 9 explored the influence of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and noradrenergic function on the skin electrical resistance of acupoints and meridians. The variations in research methods and target conditions can lead to differing outcomes.

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

These studies suggest a potentially crucial role for meridians and acupoints in bodily functions, but the underlying mechanisms and effects remain largely unclear. There are also some inconsistencies in the research findings. For instance, 7 found bio-potential differences in the stomach meridians of gastric disease patients compared to healthy individuals, while 6 indicated that acupuncture influences gastrointestinal and cardiac electricity. Further research is needed to address these inconsistencies.

Practical Applications and Considerations

Research on meridians and acupoints is still in its early stages. As such, caution is advised when incorporating meridian therapies into daily routines. If seeking meridian therapy, selecting a reputable and qualified professional and conducting thorough research is crucial. It’s essential to inform your doctor about your health condition and any medications you are taking to ensure safety and proper guidance.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on meridians and acupoints is still in its infancy, with many aspects of their mechanisms and effectiveness yet to be fully understood. Many studies are relatively small-scale, making it challenging to generalize their results. Additionally, the concepts of meridians and acupoints differ from Western medical understandings, presenting difficulties in evaluating their effects using Western medical standards.

Future Directions for Research

Further research on meridians and acupoints should focus on addressing the following: Firstly, more in-depth investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of meridians and acupoints. Secondly, large-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate the effectiveness of meridian therapies. Thirdly, interdisciplinary research is crucial to integrate concepts of meridians and acupoints with the knowledge system of Western medicine.

Conclusion

Meridians and acupoints are central concepts in traditional Chinese medicine. These studies suggest a potentially vital role for them in bodily functions, although much remains unclear about their mechanisms and effects. Future research is promising to enhance our understanding of meridians and acupoints. It is essential to approach these therapies with caution, seeking guidance from qualified practitioners, and conducting thorough research before incorporating them into your health practices.