Side Effects of albendazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Albendazole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug commonly used for treating parasitic infections worldwide. 8 , 22 , 5 , 4 , 15 , 11 , 9 , 21 , 1 , 16 , 25 , 23 Albendazole works by blocking the microtubule systems of parasites and mammalian cells, leading to inhibition of glucose uptake and transport and ultimately cell death. 5 It is most frequently prescribed for treating intestinal nematode infections like ascariasis, hookworm infections, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, and enterobiasis, and can also be used for treating intestinal tapeworm infections like taeniases and hymenolepiasis. 5 Notably, albendazole has shown significant therapeutic effects against tissue nematode/cestode infections like visceral, ocular, neural, and cutaneous larva migrans, anisakiasis, trichinosis, hepatic and intestinal capillariasis, angiostrongyliasis, gnathostomiasis, gongylonemiasis, thelaziasis, dracunculiasis, cerebral and subcutaneous cysticercosis, and echinococcosis. 5 Albendazole is also used to treat filarial infections like lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, mansonellosis, and dirofilariasis, either alone or in combination with other medications like ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine. 5 Researchers have even explored its use for treating trematode infections like fascioliasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, and intestinal fluke infections, as well as protozoan infections like giardiasis, vaginal trichomoniasis, cryptosporidiosis, and microsporidiosis. 5 Albendazole plays a crucial role in treating echinococcosis, and many studies have investigated its mechanism of action and side effects. 22 , 6 , 20 , 24 , 4 , 15 , 11 , 18 , 10 , 14 For human echinococcal infections, continuous administration of albendazole for months to years is recommended. 4 However, albendazole has been shown to cause serious side effects such as liver toxicity. 3 , 1 , 16 , 4 While effective against several parasitic infections, albendazole poses risks of liver toxicity and neutropenia, requiring careful consideration. 4 , 13 The effectiveness and side effects of albendazole may vary depending on the type of parasite and the age of the infected individual. 8 , 22 , 12 , 15 , 9 , 21 , 25 , 23 Albendazole, while a valuable medication for treating parasitic infections, underscores the importance of considering the potential for side effects. 5 , 4

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of albendazole primarily stem from its mechanism of action. Albendazole inhibits the microtubule systems of parasites, disrupting cell growth and metabolism. 5 However, albendazole can also disrupt microtubule systems in human cells, which can lead to side effects. 5 Furthermore, the severity of albendazole's side effects can vary based on factors like the dosage, duration of treatment, and the individual's overall health status. 3 , 1 , 4

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Gastrointestinal symptoms are among the most frequent side effects of albendazole. 3 , 1 , 5 Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea have been reported. 3 , 1 , 5 These symptoms are typically mild and transient. 3 , 1 , 5 However, if severe, consult a physician. 3 , 1 , 5

Liver

Albendazole can affect the liver. 3 , 1 , 5 Elevated liver enzymes, jaundice, and hepatitis have been reported. 3 , 1 , 5 Long-term use of albendazole can increase the risk of liver complications. 3 , 1 , 5 Individuals with pre-existing liver problems should consult their physician before taking albendazole. 3 , 1 , 5

Blood

Albendazole can have an impact on blood parameters. 3 , 1 , 5 Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia have been observed. 3 , 1 , 5 These conditions can increase the risk of infections. 3 , 1 , 5 Those with pre-existing blood disorders should discuss albendazole use with their physician. 3 , 1 , 5

Other

Albendazole can lead to other side effects like headache, dizziness, hair loss, and rash. 3 , 1 , 5 These symptoms are generally mild and temporary. 3 , 1 , 5 However, if they become severe, consult a physician. 3 , 1 , 5

Side Effect Management

Gastrointestinal

To minimize gastrointestinal side effects of albendazole, consider eating smaller, more frequent meals. 3 , 1 , 5 Staying adequately hydrated is also crucial. 3 , 1 , 5 If these symptoms persist, seek medical advice. 3 , 1 , 5

Liver

Regular liver function tests are important to monitor for potential liver effects of albendazole. 3 , 1 , 5 Individuals with pre-existing liver issues should consult their doctor before starting albendazole. 3 , 1 , 5

Blood

Regular blood tests are vital for monitoring potential blood-related effects of albendazole. 3 , 1 , 5 Those with pre-existing blood disorders should discuss albendazole use with their doctor. 3 , 1 , 5

Other

If you have concerns about albendazole's side effects, consult your doctor. 3 , 1 , 5 Your doctor can help you manage any side effects. 3 , 1 , 5

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities

Multiple studies indicate that albendazole is effective in treating parasitic infections. 8 , 22 , 5 , 4 , 15 , 11 , 9 , 21 , 1 , 16 , 25 , 23 However, they also consistently demonstrate that albendazole can cause side effects like liver toxicity and neutropenia. 3 , 1 , 4 , 13

Differences

The effectiveness and side effects of albendazole can vary based on the type of parasite, the age of the infected individual, and other factors. 8 , 22 , 12 , 15 , 9 , 21 , 25 , 23 Additionally, the administration method and duration of albendazole treatment can impact both its effectiveness and the likelihood of side effects. 4 , 22 , 6 , 20 , 24 , 18

Considerations for Real-World Applications

While albendazole is a valuable medication for treating parasitic infections, it is essential to acknowledge the risk of side effects. 5 , 4 Consult your doctor before taking albendazole to determine the appropriate dosage and duration for your specific situation. 5 , 4 If you experience any symptoms that you believe may be side effects while taking albendazole, seek medical attention promptly. 3 , 1 , 4

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the effectiveness and side effects of albendazole remains limited. 9 There is a particular lack of studies focusing on long-term albendazole use. 4 Furthermore, the effectiveness and side effects of albendazole can vary significantly among individuals. 8 , 22 , 12 , 15 , 9 , 21 , 25 , 23

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the effectiveness and side effects of albendazole. 9 Studies focusing on long-term albendazole administration are particularly important. 4 Additionally, research is required to identify factors that contribute to variations in albendazole's effectiveness and side effects. 8 , 22 , 12 , 15 , 9 , 21 , 25 , 23

Conclusion

Albendazole is a valuable medication for treating parasitic infections. 5 , 4 However, it carries the potential for side effects like liver toxicity and neutropenia. 3 , 1 , 4 , 13 When considering albendazole treatment, consult your doctor to establish the appropriate dosage and duration for your specific situation. 5 , 4 If you experience any potential side effects during albendazole treatment, seek medical advice promptly. 3 , 1 , 4

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
18
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
3
Article Type
0
0
2
1
24
1.

Albendazole-Induced Liver Injury.

Author: PiloiuClaudia, DumitrascuDan L

Antiparasitic treatment
Liver injury

Albendazole may induce liver injury, even in small doses, and practitioners and patients should be aware of this risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Albendazole-Induced Liver Injury.

Author: PiloiuClaudia, DumitrascuDan L

Antiparasitic treatment
Liver injury

Albendazole may induce liver injury, even in small doses, and practitioners and patients should be aware of this risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

3.

[Drug Induced Liver Injury by Prophylactic Administration of Albendazole].

Author: MoonSang Yi, BaekYang Hyun, LeeSung Wook

Albendazole antiparasitic effect
Liver injury

This case report describes a patient who developed drug-induced liver injury after prophylactic administration of albendazole. While albendazole is generally safe, it is important for physicians to be aware of this potential side effect.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : Korean

4.

A case for adoption of continuous albendazole treatment regimen for human echinococcal infections.

Author: TamarozziFrancesca, HortonJohn, MuhtarovMarin, RamharterMichael, Siles-LucasMar, GruenerBeate, VuittonDominique A, Bresson-HadniSolange, ManciulliTommaso, BrunettiEnrico

CE and AE treatment
Drug cost
Out-of-stock situation

Albendazole is the main treatment for cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis, which are parasitic diseases. In Europe, the drug is licensed for interrupted treatment, but continuous use is more effective. This study urges a coordination between stakeholders to revise the albendazole dosage regimens for CE and AE and to ensure that patients have easy access to appropriate treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update.

Author: ChaiJong-Yil, JungBong-Kwang, HongSung-Jong

Treat cancer
Treat parasitic infections
Drug resistance
Liver toxicity

Albendazole and mebendazole are medications used to treat parasitic infections and are also being investigated as potential anti-cancer drugs. They work by blocking microtubules in both parasites and mammalian cells, leading to cell death. While generally safe, they can cause liver toxicity with prolonged use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Efficacy and side effects of albendazole currently in use against Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm among school children in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia.

Author: SamuelFikreslasie, DegaregeAbraham, ErkoBerhanu

Ascaris lumbricoides treatment
Hookworm treatment
Mild side effects

This study assesses the efficacy of a single oral dose of 400mg albendazole (ABZ) against soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in school children in Ethiopia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

The data are inadequate to assess safety and efficacy of mass chemotherapy for Taenia solium taeniasis.

Author: WhiteA Clinton, O'NealSeth, WinklerAndrea, AbrahamAnnette, CarabinHélène

Taeniasis treatment
Chronic progressive headaches
Epileptic seizures
Neurologic side effects

This commentary criticizes a systematic review by Haby and colleagues regarding chemotherapy strategies for the control of Taenia solium taeniasis. The commentary expresses concern about the flawed analysis of efficacy and safety in the original review.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
CommentA short article/note that provides an opinion/perspective/interpretation on a published paper/topic.

Language : English

11.

Management of cystic echinococcosis in the last two decades: what have we learned?

Author: Velasco-TiradoVirginia, Romero-AlegriaAngela, Pardo-LledíasJavier, Alonso-SardónMontserrat, Lopez-BernusAmparo, SampedroJose Quiñones, BellvisLuis Muñoz, Iglesias GomezAlicia, MuroAntonio, Muñoz BellidoJuan Luis, Iglesias-IglesiasManuel, Jimenez LopezMarcelo Fernando, Belhassen-GarcíaMoncef

CE treatment
CE complications
CE mortality

Complications of CE are one of the most common causes of mortality in CE patients, with size, location, and number of cysts, and the 'watch and wait' treatment strategy being the main factors associated with mortality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Safety, efficacy and acceptability of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in pre-school children of Kwale County, Kenya.

Author: KimaniBridget W, MbuguaAmos K, KiharaJimmy H, Ng'ang'aMurima, NjomoDoris W

Schistosomiasis treatment

The recommended strategy for controlling schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel. However, pre-school children (PSC) are often excluded from these programs. This study highlights the need to include PSC in treatment programs, especially in high-endemic areas where they are also at risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Albendazole Monotherapy for Pediatric Cystic Echinococcosis: A Case Series.

Author: ShmueliMoshe, ElamourSiham, SagiOrli, GrupelDaniel, AssiZaki, Ben-ShimolShalom

Effective CE treatment
Reduced cyst size
Side effects
Treatment failure

Albendazole monotherapy may be an effective treatment option for selected cases of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in children, particularly for patients with small, hepatic cysts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Acute hepatitis in a paediatric patient: immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury or albendazole-induced autoimmune hepatitis?

Author: DragutinovićNataša, BaraćAleksandra, StevanovićGoran, ĐorđićIrena, PagliettiBianca, MicićJelena, AleksićEma, StojnićJelena, Martinov NestorovJelena

Treatment of parasitic infections
Hepatotoxicity

Albendazole, a drug used for parasitic infections, is associated with liver enzyme elevation. This study investigates the mechanism of albendazole hepatotoxicity, particularly the role of hypersensitivity.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Epidemic hysteria following the National School Deworming Day, Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines, 2015.

Author: PeñasJohnette A, de Los ReyesVikki Carr, SucalditoMa Nemia L, BalleraJulius Erving D, HizonHerdie L, MagpantayRio L, BelizarioVicente Y, Hartigan-GoKenneth

Helminth infection treatment
Adverse events
Mass drug administration risks

This article examines the adverse events reported following a school-based mass drug administration of albendazole in the Philippines for the treatment of soil-transmitted helminths. The investigation focused on reports from the Zamboanga Peninsula on the island of Mindanao.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Screening of the Open Source Malaria Box Reveals an Early Lead Compound for the Treatment of Alveolar Echinococcosis.

Author: StadelmannBritta, RufenerReto, AeschbacherDenise, SpiliotisMarkus, GottsteinBruno, HemphillAndrew

Less toxic to mammals
Parasiticidal activity
Hepatotoxicity
Ineffective in some patients

A new screening cascade identified MMV665807, a salicylanilide compound, with parasiticidal activity against Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. Although in vitro studies showed promising results, MMV665807 failed to reduce parasite load in infected mice, indicating the need for further optimization for potential clinical use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Benzimidazoles Promote Anti-TNF Mediated Induction of Regulatory Macrophages and Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy in a Murine Model.

Author: WildenbergManon E, LevinAlon D, CeroniAlessandro, GuoZhen, KoelinkPim J, HakvoortTheodorus B M, WesteraLiset, BloemendaalFelicia M, BrandseJohannan F, SimmonsAlison, D'HaensGeert R, EbnerDaniel, van den BrinkGijs R

Regulatory macrophage induction
Thiopurine side effects

Anti-TNF antibodies are drugs used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated the use of anti-TNF antibodies in combination with other drugs to treat inflammatory bowel disease. The study found that combining anti-TNF antibodies with other drugs may be more effective in treating inflammatory bowel disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Nanostructured lipid carriers of ivermectin as a novel drug delivery system in hydatidosis.

Author: AhmadpourEhsan, Godrati-AzarZahra, SpotinAdel, NorouziRoghayeh, HamishehkarHamed, NamiSanam, HeydarianPeyman, RajabiSaba, MohammadiMaryam, Perez-CordonGregorio

Hydatid disease treatment
Side effects

Hydatid disease is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. While surgery remains the primary treatment, current drugs like albendazole and mebendazole have significant side effects. This study highlights the need for new scolicidal agents with better efficacy and fewer side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

Perceptions Associated with Noncompliance to Community-Wide Mass Drug Administration for Soil-Transmitted Helminths.

Author: SindhuKulandaipalayam Natarajan, AruldasKumudha, KaliappanSaravanakumar Puthupalayam, MahendranElavarasan, WalsonJudd L, MeansArianna Rubin, AjjampurSitara Swarna Rao

A study investigated the reasons for non-compliance with mass drug administration (MDA) programs for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). The study found that non-compliance was associated with poor awareness of STHs, the perception that MDA was only required for those with STHs, and the perception that the drug was not safe during pregnancy or when on concomitant medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

The effect of Spondias mombin L. against Strongyloides venezuelensis: An in vitro approach.

Author: MedeirosPaula Berna da Silva, MendesTiago Manuel Fernandes, GarciaVera Lucia, De OliveiraRosimeire Nunes, DuartLeticia Bastos, AllegrettiSilmara Marques

Strongyloidiasis treatment

This study explored the potential of Spondias mombin L. ethanolic extract as a treatment for strongyloidiasis, a parasitic infection. The extract was more effective than ivermectin in killing Strongyloides venezuelensis, a model organism for strongyloidiasis, in laboratory settings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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