Major findings

Several studies have shown that ampicillin and sulbactam injection is effective in treating various bacterial infections. 4 reports the effectiveness of ampicillin and sulbactam injection for urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, biliary tract infections, and soft tissue infections in patients with chronic liver disease. 2 shows that the therapeutic effect is maintained by administering sulbactam/ampicillin intravenously for 7 to 14 days followed by oral sultamicillin for moderate to severe infections. 5 reports that ampicillin and sulbactam injection is effective against gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 6 reports that ampicillin and sulbactam injection is effective for gynecological and obstetric bacterial infections. 1 reports that ampicillin and sulbactam injection is effective for various infections in children.

Reasons for side effects

The side effects of ampicillin and sulbactam injection are mainly due to the pharmacological effects of ampicillin and sulbactam. Ampicillin is a penicillin-based antibiotic that exhibits bactericidal activity by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor that enhances the antibacterial activity of ampicillin by preventing ampicillin from being degraded by β-lactamases. These pharmacological actions can cause side effects.

Common side effects

Gastrointestinal

The most common side effect of ampicillin and sulbactam injection is gastrointestinal symptoms. 4 reported oral candidiasis in 3/41 patients. 2 reported gastrointestinal side effects such as epigastric burning and indigestion in 6/152 patients. 1 reported diarrhea in 2/82 patients.

Allergic reactions

Ampicillin and sulbactam injection can cause allergic reactions because it is a penicillin-based antibiotic. Allergic reactions can manifest in various symptoms such as rash, itching, and difficulty breathing. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience an allergic reaction.

Other

4 reported pain at the intramuscular injection site and changes in blood chemistry test values in 3/41 patients. 1 reported acute hemolytic anemia, elevated liver function test values, and leukopenia in 1/82 patients. These side effects may not appear immediately after administration. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience any abnormalities in your body during treatment.

Countermeasures for side effects

Gastrointestinal

Consult your doctor if you are concerned about gastrointestinal side effects. Measures such as dietary therapy and drug therapy are possible. For example, it is effective to eat small amounts of food at a time, chew thoroughly, and avoid greasy foods, irritants, and alcohol.

Allergic reactions

It is important to inform your doctor about your history of allergies before administering ampicillin and sulbactam injection. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience an allergic reaction. The doctor will provide appropriate treatment. In severe cases, it may be necessary to administer drugs such as epinephrine. Ampicillin and sulbactam injection is a drug that has a high risk of allergic reactions. If you have a history of allergic reactions, you should receive it according to your doctor's instructions.

Other

When administering ampicillin and sulbactam injection, it is important to undergo regular checkups such as blood tests and liver function tests. Consult your doctor if any abnormalities are found in the test results. If necessary, the dosage and method of administration will be changed.

Comparison between studies

Common points

Multiple studies have shown that ampicillin and sulbactam injection is effective in treating various bacterial infections. Gastrointestinal side effects are the most commonly reported. However, the incidence and symptoms of side effects vary between studies.

Differences

The patients, types of infections, and methods of administration vary between studies. Therefore, it is not possible to simply compare the study results. The incidence and symptoms of side effects also vary between studies. For example, 4 reported oral candidiasis in 3/41 patients, while 2 reported indigestion and epigastric burning. These results suggest that the side effects of ampicillin and sulbactam injection may differ depending on the patient, type of infection, and method of administration. Further research is needed to better understand the side effects of ampicillin and sulbactam injection.

Things to keep in mind when applying to real life

It is important to use ampicillin and sulbactam injection correctly according to your doctor's instructions. Do not take it on your own judgment, or change the dosage or time of administration. Also, ampicillin and sulbactam injection is a penicillin-based antibiotic, so there is a possibility of allergic reactions. Consult your doctor if you have a history of allergies. Furthermore, ampicillin and sulbactam injection can cause various side effects. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience any abnormalities in your body during treatment. Ampicillin and sulbactam injection should be chosen with the appropriate treatment method based on the doctor's diagnosis.

Limitations of current research

There is not enough research on the side effects of ampicillin and sulbactam injection. In particular, research on side effects from long-term administration and side effects in specific patient groups is insufficient. More research is needed to generalize the findings.

Future research directions

To better understand the side effects of ampicillin and sulbactam injection, research on long-term administration and side effects in specific patient groups is needed. In addition, elucidating the mechanism of side effect occurrence could lead to the development of side effect prevention and treatment methods.

Conclusion

Ampicillin and sulbactam injection is an effective drug for treating various bacterial infections. However, it can cause various side effects such as gastrointestinal side effects and allergic reactions. It is important to use ampicillin and sulbactam injection correctly according to your doctor's instructions. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience any abnormalities in your body during treatment.