Main Research Findings

Autism medications are expected to improve sociality and behavior. However, their efficacy and safety vary depending on the medication, and further research is needed. For example, oxytocin has been shown to potentially improve sociality in young children with autism, but the study showed that while there was some effect in children aged 3-5 years, there was no effect in older children. On the other hand, fenfluramine has been suggested to improve autism symptoms, but the study reported side effects such as lethargy, food refusal, and stomach upset.

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of autism medications vary depending on the mechanism of action of the medication and the individual patient's constitution. For example, oxytocin is a neurotransmitter involved in sociality, but its effects are complex, and it is possible that its effectiveness varies depending on age and individual condition. Fenfluramine, on the other hand, has an appetite-suppressing effect, and this effect may cause side effects such as lethargy and loss of appetite.

Common Side Effects

Weight Gain

The study suggested that risperidone may cause weight gain in children and adolescents with autism.

Gastrointestinal

The study suggested that fenfluramine may cause gastrointestinal side effects such as lethargy, loss of appetite, and stomach upset.

Neuropsychiatric

The study suggested that fenfluramine may cause neuropsychiatric side effects such as irritability, agitation, and crying.

Others

Other side effects include the study reporting fewer side effects with oxytocin than with placebo. The study reported that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) had few side effects and was effective in improving social function in children and adolescents with autism.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Weight Gain

Diet and exercise can be effective in preventing weight gain. It is also necessary to consider the use of appropriate medications under the guidance of a physician.

Gastrointestinal

If you are concerned about gastrointestinal side effects, you should consult your doctor and discuss appropriate treatment options. Diet and lifestyle changes may also be effective.

Neuropsychiatric

If you are concerned about neuropsychiatric side effects, you should consult your doctor and discuss appropriate treatment options. It is also important to find ways to reduce stress and ensure that you have time to relax.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Many studies share a common understanding that the appropriate selection of autism medications and the management of side effects are essential in children and adolescents with autism. It is also suggested that individual constitution and condition have a significant impact on the occurrence of side effects.

Differences in Studies

Studies vary in terms of the target age group, medications used, and evaluation methods. Therefore, it is difficult to directly compare the results of studies. However, each study reveals that further research is needed in the development of autism medications.

Cautions for Application in Daily Life

Autism medications can have side effects, so it is important to use them under the guidance of a physician. Also, if your symptoms do not improve with medication or if you are concerned about side effects, you should consult your doctor and discuss appropriate measures.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on autism medications is still insufficient. In particular, research on long-term effects and individual differences is lacking. Ethical issues and the protection of patient privacy must also be considered.

Future Research Directions

Future research on autism medications needs to include larger clinical trials and long-term follow-up studies. Research on individual differences and the elucidation of the mechanisms of side effects is also important.

Conclusion

Autism medications are expected to improve sociality and behavior, but their efficacy and safety vary depending on the medication, and further research is needed. It is also important to be aware of side effects. Use them under the guidance of a physician, and consult your doctor if you have any concerns.