Main Research Findings

Black cohosh is a popular herbal remedy often used for menopausal symptoms and menstrual dysfunction. While it’s touted as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) due to the potential side effects of HRT, black cohosh has also been associated with its own set of potential side effects, particularly affecting the liver. Some studies suggest that black cohosh may be helpful in reducing hot flashes, a common menopausal symptom. 3 However, more research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. Black cohosh has also been investigated as a potential treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but it hasn’t shown a positive effect on fracture healing in a rodent model.

Reasons for Side Effects

The exact reasons for black cohosh’s potential side effects are not fully understood, but it’s suspected that certain components of black cohosh might affect liver enzymes, possibly impairing liver function. There’s also concern about potential interactions between black cohosh and other herbs or medications, which could contribute to side effects.

Common Side Effects

Liver Abnormalities

One of the most concerning side effects of black cohosh is its potential to cause liver abnormalities. This can range from mild inflammation to more serious conditions like submassive liver necrosis. These liver problems can occur within a few weeks of starting black cohosh. Symptoms to watch out for include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), and abdominal pain. 、 If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Black cohosh can also lead to gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.

Skin Symptoms

Some people taking black cohosh may experience skin symptoms like rashes, itching, and hives.

Other Side Effects

Black cohosh can also cause other side effects such as headache, dizziness, nausea, and indigestion. 5 As black cohosh exhibits estrogen-like activity, it may worsen gynecological conditions such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids. It has blood-thinning properties, so it should be avoided before surgery or for people with blood clotting disorders. 5

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Liver Abnormalities

If you suspect liver abnormalities, consult a doctor immediately. Stop taking black cohosh and follow your doctor’s instructions.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

If you experience gastrointestinal symptoms, consult a doctor. Stop taking black cohosh and follow your doctor’s instructions.

Skin Symptoms

If you develop skin symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. Stop taking black cohosh and follow your doctor’s instructions.

Comparison of Studies

Common Points of Studies

Many studies have shown that black cohosh may be effective in alleviating symptoms associated with menopause. 3 However, some studies suggest that black cohosh may have adverse effects on the liver. 、 Caution is necessary because black cohosh may interact with other herbs and medications.

Differences in Studies

Studies on black cohosh side effects show variations in research results, including the types, severity, and incidence of side effects. 、 These discrepancies are likely attributed to differences in study design, participant characteristics, black cohosh product types, and dosages used. 、

Points to Note for Real-Life Applications

Black cohosh may be effective in alleviating symptoms associated with menopause, but it also has potential adverse effects on the liver. 、 If you use black cohosh, consult a doctor and follow their instructions. 、 Avoid its use, especially if you have a history of liver disease. 、 Additionally, be cautious as black cohosh may interact with other herbs and medications. Consult a doctor or pharmacist before taking black cohosh.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of black cohosh is still insufficient. 、 Especially, data regarding long-term side effects are lacking. 、 Furthermore, due to variations in black cohosh product types and dosages used, comparing research findings can be challenging. 、

Future Research Directions

Research is needed to assess the long-term side effects and safety of black cohosh. 、 Furthermore, standardizing black cohosh product types and dosages is essential to enable comparison of research findings. 、

Conclusion

Black cohosh, while often touted as a natural alternative for menopause symptoms, has potential side effects, especially concerning the liver. 、 It's crucial to consult a doctor before using black cohosh and to carefully follow their instructions. 、 If you have a history of liver disease, avoid using black cohosh altogether. 、