Side Effects of butorphanol nasal spray: A Synthesis of Findings from 2 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Findings

Butorphanol nasal spray has been shown to be effective in treating migraine headaches. 1 This study found that butorphanol nasal spray was more effective than Fiorinal with codeine in treating migraine pain, especially within the first 2 hours after treatment. 2 Another study found that butorphanol nasal spray is effective in treating acute migraine, similar to other medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and opioids.

Reasons for Side Effects

Butorphanol is an opioid analgesic, and its mechanism of action can lead to side effects like nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and constipation. 1 The study found that butorphanol nasal spray had a higher incidence of side effects compared to Fiorinal with codeine.

Common Side Effects

Nausea

Butorphanol nasal spray can cause digestive side effects like nausea. 1

Vomiting

Butorphanol nasal spray can cause digestive side effects like vomiting. 1

Drowsiness

Butorphanol nasal spray can cause side effects like drowsiness. 1

Constipation

Butorphanol nasal spray can cause side effects like constipation. 1

Side Effects Management

Nausea

To reduce digestive side effects like nausea caused by butorphanol nasal spray, you can take it before meals or in small doses. 1

Vomiting

To reduce digestive side effects like vomiting caused by butorphanol nasal spray, you can take it before meals or in small doses. 1

Drowsiness

To reduce side effects like drowsiness caused by butorphanol nasal spray, avoid driving or operating dangerous machinery after taking it. 1

Constipation

To reduce side effects like constipation caused by butorphanol nasal spray, eat a high-fiber diet and drink plenty of fluids. 1

Comparison between Studies

Similarities

Both studies found that butorphanol nasal spray is effective in treating migraine headaches. 1 2

Differences

1 found that butorphanol nasal spray is more effective than Fiorinal with codeine in treating migraine pain, but 2 showed that butorphanol nasal spray is effective similar to other migraine treatments.

Points to Note Regarding Real-Life Applications

While butorphanol nasal spray is an effective medication for migraine treatment, it carries the risk of side effects. 1 It is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions to minimize side effects. Also, be aware that butorphanol nasal spray can interact with other medications, so consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking it.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on butorphanol nasal spray is still limited. 1 2 Further research is needed to understand the long-term safety and effectiveness of butorphanol nasal spray.

Future Directions for Research

More research is needed to understand the long-term safety and effectiveness of butorphanol nasal spray. 1 2 Further research is also needed to determine if butorphanol nasal spray interacts with other medications.

Conclusion

Butorphanol nasal spray is an effective medication for treating migraine headaches, but it carries the risk of side effects. 1 2 It is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions to minimize side effects. If you are considering using butorphanol nasal spray, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Literature analysis of 2 papers
Positive Content
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1.

Comparison of butorphanol nasal spray and fiorinal with codeine in the treatment of migraine.

Author: GoldsteinJ, GawelM J, WinnerP, DiamondS, ReichL, DavidsonW J, SussmanN M

Rapid pain relief
Side effects

Butorphanol nasal spray was more effective than Fiorinal with Codeine in treating migraine headaches, but it had more side effects. Butorphanol is a nasal spray that can be used to treat migraines, while Fiorinal with Codeine is an oral medication.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

The acute treatment of migraine in adults: the american headache society evidence assessment of migraine pharmacotherapies.

Author: MarmuraMichael J, SilbersteinStephen D, SchwedtTodd J

Migraine treatment
Opioid use

This review provides an updated assessment of the evidence for pharmacological therapies used to treat acute migraine attacks. The study focused on medications available from 1998 to 2013 and evaluated their effectiveness based on the level of evidence. Triptans and dihydroergotamine are effective (Level A). Ergotamine and other forms of dihydroergotamine are likely effective (Level B). Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, sumatriptan/naproxen, and acetaminophen/aspirin/caffeine are effective nonspecific medications (Level A). Ketoprofen, intravenous and intramuscular ketorolac, flurbiprofen, intravenous magnesium, and the combination of isometheptene compounds, codeine/acetaminophen, and tramadol/acetaminophen are likely effective (Level B). Antiemetics prochlorperazine, droperidol, chlorpromazine, and metoclopramide are also likely effective (Level B). While opioids like butorphanol, codeine/acetaminophen, and tramadol/acetaminophen are probably effective, they are not recommended for regular use due to their potential side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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