Effects of carboplatin injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 11 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Research on the effects of candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has revealed several key findings. 9 found that the effect of candesartan in lowering blood pressure might vary depending on the type of ischemic stroke. Patients with larger infarcts (total anterior circulation or partial anterior circulation) showed a trend towards better outcomes with candesartan compared to those with smaller infarcts (lacunar infarction). However, there were no significant differences in the composite vascular endpoint, which included vascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke within the first six months. 2 revealed that candesartan cilexetil effectively lowers blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 16mg or 32mg once daily was found to be most effective. 10 conducted a meta-analysis comparing the antihypertensive effects of telmisartan and candesartan in patients with essential hypertension. The analysis suggested that telmisartan might be more effective in lowering blood pressure than candesartan. 6 discovered that candesartan had beneficial vascular effects in hypertensive patients, improving endothelial dysfunction, reducing oxidative stress, and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. 11 showed that azilsartan was more potent in reducing proteinuria compared to candesartan in patients with chronic kidney disease. 7 demonstrated that candesartan significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors, despite not improving the incidence or severity of hypotension, hyperkalemia, or glomerular filtration rate reductions that were the basis for ACE inhibitor intolerance. 4 found that switching from ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, or beta-blockers to candesartan cilexetil resulted in improved efficacy and tolerability. 3 compared the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of candesartan and losartan, concluding that candesartan had a stronger antagonistic effect on angiotensin II receptors. 1 confirmed that candesartan cilexetil effectively reduced blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest effectiveness observed at doses of 16mg and 32mg once daily. 5 concluded that candesartan cilexetil was more effective in lowering blood pressure than losartan, while also exhibiting better tolerability. 8 investigated the antihypertensive efficacy of adding candesartan to lisinopril compared to increasing the dosage of lisinopril. The results indicated that adding candesartan was generally more effective in lowering blood pressure than increasing lisinopril dosage.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Candesartan is a drug that has shown significant benefits in treating various conditions. 2 4 1 found candesartan cilexetil to be very effective in lowering blood pressure with good tolerability. 10 5 showed that candesartan cilexetil was more effective in lowering blood pressure than losartan while also being better tolerated. 6 suggested that candesartan has protective effects on the cardiovascular system. 7 reported that candesartan significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors. These findings suggest that candesartan can be a valuable treatment option for a variety of conditions, including hypertension and heart failure.

Risk Summary

While candesartan is a safe and effective treatment for many patients, there are potential side effects. 7 indicated that candesartan might not effectively improve the incidence or severity of hypotension, hyperkalemia, or glomerular filtration rate reductions that were the basis for ACE inhibitor intolerance. These side effects may require discontinuation of candesartan treatment. It is crucial to discuss the risks and benefits of candesartan with your doctor before starting treatment.

Study Comparisons

Similarities

These studies all evaluated the effects of candesartan in various contexts and share some commonalities. All studies found that candesartan effectively lowers blood pressure. Several studies also hinted at the potential positive impact of candesartan on the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, all studies reported that candesartan is generally safe and well-tolerated.

Differences

These studies explored the effects of candesartan from different angles, resulting in variations in their focuses, methodologies, and findings. For example, 9 6 11 conducted studies on specific conditions, such as acute ischemic stroke or chronic kidney disease. 2 1 5 8 primarily evaluated the blood pressure-lowering effects and safety of candesartan cilexetil. These variations highlight the multi-faceted nature of candesartan's effects and emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding of the findings from different studies.

Consistency and Contradictions

While these studies consistently show the safety and effectiveness of candesartan, there are some inconsistencies. 9 suggests that the effectiveness of candesartan in lowering blood pressure might vary depending on the subtype of ischemic stroke. However, 2 5 8 show that candesartan cilexetil is generally safe and effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. These inconsistencies may require further research to be resolved.

Implications for Daily Life

Candesartan can be a beneficial treatment for various conditions, including hypertension and heart failure. However, before starting treatment, it is essential to understand the potential risks and benefits and discuss them with your doctor. It is also important to remember that candesartan is not a cure-all and may not be suitable for everyone. Always consult with your doctor to determine if candesartan is the right treatment option for you.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the effects of candesartan is still ongoing. The findings of 9 regarding the varying effects of candesartan based on stroke subtype require further validation through larger clinical trials. Furthermore, these studies primarily focused on specific diseases or patient populations, and their results may not be generalizable to other diseases or groups. Moreover, the long-term effects and safety of candesartan remain to be fully explored.

Future Research Directions

Future research on candesartan should focus on several key areas. Larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the potential differences in effectiveness of candesartan based on stroke subtype. Long-term studies are also essential to evaluate the long-term effects and safety of candesartan. Research should also examine the effectiveness of candesartan in treating a wider range of diseases and populations.

Conclusion

Candesartan has shown promise in treating various conditions, but further research is needed to fully understand its effects. It is crucial to consult with your doctor to determine if candesartan is the right treatment option for you.

Literature analysis of 11 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
10
1
0
0
11
1.

Effects of candesartan cilexetil in patients with systemic hypertension. Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators.

Author: ReifM, WhiteW B, FaganT C, OparilS, FlanaganT L, EdwardsD T, CushingD J, MichelsonE L

Hypertension treatment

Candesartan cilexetil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, effectively reduces blood pressure in a dose-related manner while maintaining safety and tolerability. Doses of 16 and 32 mg are most effective for treatment of hypertension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Effective dose range of candesartan cilexetil for systemic hypertension. Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators.

Author: BellT P, DeQuattroV, LasseterK C, RuffD, HardisonJ D, CushingD, KezerA E, MichelsonE L

Lower blood pressure

This study found that candesartan cilexetil has clinically meaningful, dose-related blood pressure-lowering effects in hypertensive patients, with maximum reduction achieved at doses of 16 and 32 mg once daily.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of candesartan and losartan in man.

Author: FuchsB, Breithaupt-GröglerK, BelzG G, RollS, MalerczykC, HerrmannV, Spahn-LangguthH, MutschlerE

Blood pressure control

This double-blind, crossover study compared the in-vivo angiotensin II antagonistic effects of candesartan and losartan. Candesartan showed a greater antagonistic effect than losartan, despite similar plasma activity.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

[Change from ACE inhibitor, Ca-antagonist or beta-blocker to candesartan cilexetil: better efficacy and tolerance. SWITCH study (German study segment)].

Author: BaumgartP, ReismannJ, PohlmeyerH, DüsingR

Blood pressure reduction
Hypertension treatment

This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of direct switching to the Angiotensin II-antagonist candesartan cilexetil at its maximal dose with starting therapy at a lower dose and up-titrating.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

5.

Comparative effects of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with systemic hypertension. Candesartan Versus Losartan Efficacy Comparison (CANDLE) Study Group.

Author: GradmanA H, LewinA, BowlingB T, TonkonM, DeedwaniaP C, KezerA E, HardisonJ D, CushingD J, MichelsonE L

Improved tolerability
Reduced blood pressure
Lack of efficacy
Side effects

This study compared the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with systemic hypertension and found that candesartan was significantly more effective than losartan in reducing blood pressure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Pleiotropic effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker in hypertensive patients.

Author: KohKwang Kon, AhnJeong Yeal, HanSeung Hwan, KimDae Sung, JinDong Kyu, KimHyung Sik, ShinMi-Seung, AhnTae Hoon, ChoiIn Suck, ShinEak Kyun

Endothelial dysfunction reversal
Fibrinolysis improvement
Oxidant stress reduction

Candesartan reversed endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients, suggesting that AT1 receptor blocker therapy has antiatherogenic effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

ACE inhibitor intolerance and lessons learned from the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) trials.

Author: SicaDomenic A

Heart failure treatment
Glomerular filtration rate reduction
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension

Candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, was found to be effective in reducing heart failure events and death in patients who were unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan-lisinopril in combination vs. up-titration of lisinopril: the AMAZE trials.

Author: IzzoJoseph L, WeinbergMarc S, HainerJames W, KerkeringJoseph, TouConrad K P,

Reduced blood pressure

This study compared the effects of adding candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, to lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, to the effects of increasing the dose of lisinopril. Both treatments were effective in lowering blood pressure, but adding candesartan to lisinopril resulted in a slightly greater decrease in blood pressure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Effects of blood pressure-lowering treatment in different subtypes of acute ischemic stroke.

Author: SandsetElse Charlotte, JusufovicMirza, SandsetPer Morten, BathPhilip M W, BergeEivind,

Improved functional outcome
Limited evidence

There was a trend toward a better effect of candesartan in patients with larger ischemic stroke infarcts (total anterior circulation or partial anterior circulation) than in patients with smaller infarcts (lacunar infarction). However, this finding needs to be confirmed in future trials.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

A Meta-analysis of antihypertensive effect of telmisartan versus candesartan in patients with essential hypertension.

Author: ZhaoDi, LiuHui, DongPingshuan

Telmisartan and candesartan, two angiotensin II receptor blockers, are both effective in lowering blood pressure. However, a meta-analysis revealed that there is no significant difference in antihypertensive effect between the two drugs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

11.

Stronger Effect of Azilsartan on Reduction of Proteinuria Compared to Candesartan in Patients with CKD: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Author: SuehiroTakaichi, TsuruyaKazuhiko, YoshidaHisako, TsujikawaHiroaki, YamadaShunsuke, TanakaShigeru, TsuchimotoAkihiro, EriguchiMasahiro, FujisakiKiichiro, TorisuKumiko, NakanoToshiaki, KitazonoTakanari

CKD treatment

This open-label, randomized, crossover trial compared the antiproteinuric effect of azilsartan and candesartan in CKD patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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