Effects of carfilzomib injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 11 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has shown efficacy in treating hypertension and heart failure. 7 6 5 1 2 8 4 3 9 10 11 7 showed that candesartan significantly reduced the occurrence of the primary endpoint in heart failure patients who were intolerant to ACE inhibitors. This primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. 6 demonstrated that candesartan improved endothelial function in hypertensive patients, reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. This suggests an anti-atherosclerotic effect. 5 found that candesartan was significantly more effective than losartan in reducing blood pressure, indicating a superior blood pressure-lowering effect. 1 indicated that candesartan effectively reduced blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner with good safety and tolerability. 2 demonstrated that candesartan achieved maximum blood pressure reduction with doses of 16 mg and 32 mg once daily in hypertensive patients. 8 showed that candesartan was more effective than lisinopril alone in lowering blood pressure. 4 indicated that switching from ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, or beta-blockers to candesartan was more effective and well-tolerated. 3 demonstrated that candesartan had a longer-lasting antagonist effect on the angiotensin AT1 receptor compared to losartan. 9 suggested that the effect of blood pressure-lowering treatment with candesartan may differ according to different types of acute ischemic stroke. 10 showed in a meta-analysis that candesartan had a greater blood pressure-lowering effect compared to telmisartan. 11 demonstrated that candesartan was more effective in reducing proteinuria in CKD patients compared to azilsartan. These studies suggest that candesartan is an effective treatment for hypertension and heart failure.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Candesartan is an effective treatment for lowering blood pressure. 5 1 2 8 4 It may also improve endothelial function and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, suggesting anti-atherosclerotic effects. 6 Additionally, candesartan has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of the primary endpoint in heart failure patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors. 7

Risk Summary

Candesartan is generally safe. 1 2 8 4 However, it can cause side effects such as hypotension, hyperkalemia, and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. 7 Candesartan should not be used in pregnant women. 7

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

These studies indicate that candesartan is an effective treatment for hypertension. 5 1 2 8 4 The studies also indicate that candesartan is generally safe. 1 2 8 4

Differences of Studies

These studies show differing results regarding the blood pressure-lowering effects, safety, tolerability, and comparisons with other treatments of candesartan. 5 1 2 8 4 7 6 3 9 10 11 These differences can be attributed to variations in study design, participant characteristics, and evaluated endpoints.

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Numerous studies have indicated that candesartan is effective in lowering blood pressure. 5 1 2 8 4 However, there is variability in the research findings regarding the effects, safety, and tolerability of candesartan. 5 1 2 8 4 7 6 3 9 10 11 These discrepancies can be attributed to variations in study design, participant characteristics, and evaluated endpoints.

Practical Application Notes

Candesartan is an effective treatment for lowering blood pressure. 5 1 2 8 4 However, it can cause side effects such as hypotension, hyperkalemia, and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. 7 6 3 Therefore, it is essential to follow your doctor’s instructions when taking candesartan.

Current Research Limitations

The majority of studies on the effects of candesartan have been small and short-term. 5 1 2 8 4 7 6 3 9 10 11 Additionally, these studies have not adequately investigated the long-term effects of candesartan or its effects on specific populations.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed on the long-term effects of candesartan and its effects on specific populations. 5 1 2 8 4 7 6 3 9 10 11 Additionally, the effects of combination therapy involving candesartan and other treatments should be investigated.

Conclusion

Candesartan is an effective treatment for lowering blood pressure. 5 1 2 8 4 However, there is a risk of side effects such as hypotension, hyperkalemia, and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. 7 6 3 It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions when taking candesartan.

Literature analysis of 11 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
10
1
0
0
11
1.

Effects of candesartan cilexetil in patients with systemic hypertension. Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators.

Author: ReifM, WhiteW B, FaganT C, OparilS, FlanaganT L, EdwardsD T, CushingD J, MichelsonE L

Hypertension treatment

Candesartan cilexetil, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, effectively reduces blood pressure in a dose-related manner while maintaining safety and tolerability. Doses of 16 and 32 mg are most effective for treatment of hypertension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Effective dose range of candesartan cilexetil for systemic hypertension. Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators.

Author: BellT P, DeQuattroV, LasseterK C, RuffD, HardisonJ D, CushingD, KezerA E, MichelsonE L

Lower blood pressure

This study found that candesartan cilexetil has clinically meaningful, dose-related blood pressure-lowering effects in hypertensive patients, with maximum reduction achieved at doses of 16 and 32 mg once daily.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of candesartan and losartan in man.

Author: FuchsB, Breithaupt-GröglerK, BelzG G, RollS, MalerczykC, HerrmannV, Spahn-LangguthH, MutschlerE

Blood pressure control

This double-blind, crossover study compared the in-vivo angiotensin II antagonistic effects of candesartan and losartan. Candesartan showed a greater antagonistic effect than losartan, despite similar plasma activity.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

[Change from ACE inhibitor, Ca-antagonist or beta-blocker to candesartan cilexetil: better efficacy and tolerance. SWITCH study (German study segment)].

Author: BaumgartP, ReismannJ, PohlmeyerH, DüsingR

Blood pressure reduction
Hypertension treatment

This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of direct switching to the Angiotensin II-antagonist candesartan cilexetil at its maximal dose with starting therapy at a lower dose and up-titrating.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

5.

Comparative effects of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with systemic hypertension. Candesartan Versus Losartan Efficacy Comparison (CANDLE) Study Group.

Author: GradmanA H, LewinA, BowlingB T, TonkonM, DeedwaniaP C, KezerA E, HardisonJ D, CushingD J, MichelsonE L

Improved tolerability
Reduced blood pressure
Lack of efficacy
Side effects

This study compared the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with systemic hypertension and found that candesartan was significantly more effective than losartan in reducing blood pressure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Pleiotropic effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker in hypertensive patients.

Author: KohKwang Kon, AhnJeong Yeal, HanSeung Hwan, KimDae Sung, JinDong Kyu, KimHyung Sik, ShinMi-Seung, AhnTae Hoon, ChoiIn Suck, ShinEak Kyun

Endothelial dysfunction reversal
Fibrinolysis improvement
Oxidant stress reduction

Candesartan reversed endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients, suggesting that AT1 receptor blocker therapy has antiatherogenic effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

ACE inhibitor intolerance and lessons learned from the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) trials.

Author: SicaDomenic A

Heart failure treatment
Glomerular filtration rate reduction
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension

Candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, was found to be effective in reducing heart failure events and death in patients who were unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan-lisinopril in combination vs. up-titration of lisinopril: the AMAZE trials.

Author: IzzoJoseph L, WeinbergMarc S, HainerJames W, KerkeringJoseph, TouConrad K P,

Reduced blood pressure

This study compared the effects of adding candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, to lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, to the effects of increasing the dose of lisinopril. Both treatments were effective in lowering blood pressure, but adding candesartan to lisinopril resulted in a slightly greater decrease in blood pressure.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Effects of blood pressure-lowering treatment in different subtypes of acute ischemic stroke.

Author: SandsetElse Charlotte, JusufovicMirza, SandsetPer Morten, BathPhilip M W, BergeEivind,

Improved functional outcome
Limited evidence

There was a trend toward a better effect of candesartan in patients with larger ischemic stroke infarcts (total anterior circulation or partial anterior circulation) than in patients with smaller infarcts (lacunar infarction). However, this finding needs to be confirmed in future trials.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

A Meta-analysis of antihypertensive effect of telmisartan versus candesartan in patients with essential hypertension.

Author: ZhaoDi, LiuHui, DongPingshuan

Telmisartan and candesartan, two angiotensin II receptor blockers, are both effective in lowering blood pressure. However, a meta-analysis revealed that there is no significant difference in antihypertensive effect between the two drugs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

11.

Stronger Effect of Azilsartan on Reduction of Proteinuria Compared to Candesartan in Patients with CKD: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Author: SuehiroTakaichi, TsuruyaKazuhiko, YoshidaHisako, TsujikawaHiroaki, YamadaShunsuke, TanakaShigeru, TsuchimotoAkihiro, EriguchiMasahiro, FujisakiKiichiro, TorisuKumiko, NakanoToshiaki, KitazonoTakanari

CKD treatment

This open-label, randomized, crossover trial compared the antiproteinuric effect of azilsartan and candesartan in CKD patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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