Effective treatment of cesarean delivery: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Many studies have been conducted on treatments for various complications that can occur after cesarean delivery. For example, 3 reports on the effectiveness of midazolam in treating hypothermia after cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. 5 investigates the efficacy of Chinese medicine plaster for treating surgical site infections after cesarean delivery. Additionally, 7 compares the effectiveness of noradrenaline and phenylephrine in treating hypotension after spinal anesthesia, finding no significant difference between the two.

Treatment Summary

Many treatments have been studied for various complications after cesarean delivery. 3 suggests the effectiveness of midazolam for treating hypothermia after cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. On the other hand, 4 reports that gabapentin is ineffective for treating severe pain after cesarean delivery. 5 reports on the effectiveness of Chinese medicine plaster for surgical site infection prevention. Furthermore, 7 compares the effectiveness of noradrenaline and phenylephrine for treating hypotension after spinal anesthesia, finding no significant difference.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Various treatments have been developed for complications after cesarean delivery, and numerous studies have been conducted to assess their effectiveness and safety. These studies suggest that effective treatments exist for complications such as hypothermia, surgical site infections, and hypotension after cesarean delivery. For example, midazolam may be effective for hypothermia, Chinese medicine plaster might help prevent surgical site infections, and noradrenaline and phenylephrine could be effective for treating hypotension after spinal anesthesia.

Risk Summary

However, these treatments also come with potential side effects and risks. For example, midazolam can cause drowsiness and dizziness. Chinese medicine plaster may not be suitable for pregnant or breastfeeding women. Noradrenaline and phenylephrine can cause heart rate changes and increased blood pressure. Therefore, it is essential to use these treatments under the guidance of a doctor and in a way that is appropriate for your individual situation.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

These studies investigate treatments for various complications that can occur after cesarean delivery. Many studies suggest the existence of effective drugs and treatments for these complications. These studies also assess safety and effectiveness.

Differences in Studies

The complications, treatments, and research methods vary among these studies. For example, 3 examines the effects of midazolam for hypothermia, while 5 investigates the effects of Chinese medicine plaster for surgical site infections. 7 compares the effectiveness of noradrenaline and phenylephrine for treating hypotension.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Consistency and contradictions can be observed in the results of these studies. For example, 3 suggests that midazolam is effective for hypothermia, but other studies report that the effects of midazolam on hypothermia are unclear. 4 reports that gabapentin is ineffective for severe pain after cesarean delivery, whereas other studies indicate that gabapentin is effective for pain relief. These contradictions require further investigation.

Precautions for Practical Application

Several precautions should be considered when applying the results of these studies to real-life situations. Firstly, these studies are conducted on specific populations, so the findings may not apply to everyone. Additionally, the studies do not thoroughly investigate potential drug side effects or risks. Therefore, when using these treatments, it is crucial to consult a physician and select the appropriate treatment based on your individual circumstances.

Limitations of Current Research

There are several limitations to current research. Firstly, many studies involve small sample sizes, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings. Moreover, many studies are conducted on specific populations, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. Furthermore, many studies do not examine long-term effects, leaving gaps in our understanding of long-term outcomes. Consequently, these limitations should be considered when interpreting the results of these studies.

Directions for Future Research

Future research should involve larger sample sizes, consider long-term effects, and encompass diverse populations. Moreover, a more detailed examination of potential drug side effects and risks is crucial. These research efforts are anticipated to lead to the development of safe and effective treatments for complications after cesarean delivery.

Conclusion

Numerous studies have investigated treatments for complications after cesarean delivery. These studies suggest the existence of effective treatments for various complications. However, these treatments also come with potential side effects and risks. Therefore, it is crucial to use these treatments under the guidance of a doctor and in a way that is appropriate for your individual circumstances. Future research is expected to lead to the development of safer and more effective treatment options.

List of treatments

Midazolam, Gabapentin, Chinese medicine plaster, Noradrenaline, Phenylephrine

Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
28
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
7
0
2
5
27
1.

Systematic review of the risk of uterine rupture with the use of amnioinfusion after previous cesarean delivery.

Author: HicksPaul

Amnioinfusion
Uterine rupture

This study examines the use of amnioinfusion for intrapartum management of women with thick meconium or oligohydramnios, specifically addressing its safety and potential risks in women with previous cesarean deliveries.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Changes in blood pressure and cardiac output during cesarean delivery: the effects of oxytocin and carbetocin compared with placebo.

Author: RosselandLeiv Arne, HaugeTor Hugo, GrindheimGuro, StubhaugAudun, LangesæterEldrid

Uterine atony treatment

This study will investigate the effects of oxytocin, carbetocin, and placebo on hemodynamics, uterine tone, adverse events, and blood loss after Cesarean delivery.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Midazolam for the Successful Treatment of Refractory Spinal-Anesthesia-Associated Hypothermia After Cesarean Delivery.

Author: DeLeonAlexander M, LuSamantha, GastonIan, SamworthAlexander G, LopezCarmen, FarrerJason

Midazolam treatment
Post-operative hypothermia

This case report describes a successful treatment of post-cesarean hypothermia using intravenous midazolam. The patient received spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine, a common cause of hypothermia. The case suggests that midazolam, a readily available benzodiazepine, may be an effective alternative to lorazepam for treating this complication.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

4.

Outpatient Treatment With Gabapentin in Women With Severe Acute Pain After Cesarean Delivery Is Ineffective: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Author: FowlerCedar, ChuAmy W, GuoNan, AnsariJessica R, ShaferSteven L, FloodPamela D

Opioid use
Prolonged pain

This study aims to identify the best outpatient management strategy for parturients experiencing severe pain resistant to standard multimodal therapy after cesarean delivery. The study seeks to improve post-cesarean pain management and reduce opioid use.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Chinese Medicine Plaster as A New Treatment for Surgical Site Infection in Patients with Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.

Author: HanGuan-Ya, WuXiao-Li, LiDong-Mei, CaiHai-Rui, ZhouJun-Jun, HeXiao-Bo

SSI prevention

Chinese plaster containing rhubarb and mirabilite effectively reduced surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with cesarean delivery (CD), with fewer instances of localized swelling, redness, and heat, and a shorter duration of postoperative antibiotic intake and hospital stay.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Neonatal hypoglycemia following antenatal corticosteroid treatment prior to elective cesarean delivery during the early term period: a meta-analysis.

Author: PergialiotisVasilios, RodolakiKalliopi, NikolakeaMelina, AntsaklisPanagiotis, StavrosSofoklis, PanagopoulosPeriklis, VrachnisNikolaos, DaskalakisGeorgios

Improved lung function
Hypoglycemia

The study aims to determine whether antenatal corticosteroids administered during the early term period are associated with increased rates of neonatal hypoglycemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Incidence of bradycardia during noradrenaline or phenylephrine bolus treatment of postspinal hypotension in cesarean delivery: A randomized double-blinded controlled trial.

Author: de QueirozDaniel Vieira, VelardeLuis Guillermo Coca, AlvesRodrigo Leal, VerçosaNubia, CavalcantiIsmar Lima

Hypotension treatment
Noradrenaline efficacy
Bradycardia risk

Phenylephrine is the standard treatment for spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during cesarean section. This randomized controlled trial compared the incidence of bradycardia with phenylephrine and noradrenaline, finding no significant difference in bradycardia risk between the two drugs.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Levonorgestrel intrauterine system for the treatment of intermenstrual spotting in patients with previous cesarean delivery scar defect.

Author: OuYu-Che, ChenYing-Yi, LanKuo-Chung, TsaiChing-Chang, ChuLi-Ching, ChengLing-Yun

Intermenstrual bleeding

Levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system was safe and effective in managing intermenstrual spotting in patients with previous cesarean delivery scar defects (PCDSs).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Treatment of mycobacteriosis in a patient with compatible symptoms after a cesarean delivery.

Author: MaiaCarina Scanoni, AraújoPaulo Sérgio Ramos de, SchindlerHaiana Charifker, SoaresJardel Pereira, CruzAna Sofia, Queiroz JúniorJosé Reginaldo Alves de, TenorioFernanda das Chagas Angelo Mendes, MedeirosJuliana Pinto de, TenorioBruno Mendes, MacielGyl Everson de Souza, AmorimRosa Valéria da Silva, HinrichsenSylvia Lemos

Fast-growing mycobacteria

This study reports the case of a 37-year-old woman diagnosed with mycobacteriosis caused by Micobacterium fortuitum four months after a cesarean section. Treatment for mycobacteriosis is often complicated by side effects of antibiotics, such as ototoxicity of amikacin.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

12.

Strategies of analgesic treatment after cesarean delivery. Current state and new alternatives.

Author: Arroyo-FernándezF J, Calderón SeoaneJ E, Torres MoreraL M

Post-caesarean analgesia

This abstract discusses the increasing need for optimal analgesia strategies following cesarean sections. Multimodal analgesia, combining neuroaxial anesthesia with morphine and non-opioids, is recommended for effective pain control and early recovery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

Intravenous dexmedetomidine for the treatment of shivering during Cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia: a randomized-controlled trial.

Author: LamontagneChristina, LesageSandra, VilleneuveEdith, LidzborskiElsa, DerstenfeldAlex, CrochetièreChantal

Shivering reduction
Cesarean delivery
Shivering

Dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, was investigated for its potential to reduce the duration of shivering associated with neuraxial anesthesia during Cesarean delivery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

A Comparative Study of Bolus Norepinephrine, Phenylephrine, and Ephedrine for the Treatment of Maternal Hypotension in Parturients with Preeclampsia During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia.

Author: WangXian, MaoMao, LiuShijiang, XuShiqin, YangJianjun

Maternal safety
Neonatal safety

Norepinephrine was found to be as effective as phenylephrine but safer for parturients with preeclampsia experiencing hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Shivering prevention and treatment during cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia: a systematic review.

Author: LiuJie, WangYong, MaWuhua

Shivering prevention
Shivering treatment

This systematic review examined the effectiveness of various drugs for preventing and treating shivering during cesarean sections under neuraxial anesthesia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

Preoperative cesarean delivery intravenous acetaminophen treatment for postoperative pain control: a randomized double-blinded placebo control trial.

Author: TowersCraig V, SheltonSarah, van NesJaclyn, GregoryEmily, LiskeEmily, SmalleyArion, MobleyEdward, FairclothBarbara, FortnerKim B

Opioid use reduction

This article argues for the need for research evaluating the effectiveness of intravenous acetaminophen to minimize the use of opioids postsurgery, particularly for cesarean delivery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Surgical site infections after cesarean delivery: epidemiology, prevention and treatment.

Author: KawakitaTetsuya, LandyHelain J

Reduce infection

This study reviewed the prevalence of postpartum surgical site infections (SSIs) following cesarean delivery (CD) and discussed the risk factors and interventions for prevention. The study suggests that creating a patient care bundle comprised of evidence-based elements may decrease the incidence of SSIs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

A successful cesarean delivery without fetal or maternal morbidity in an Eisenmenger patient with cor triatriatum sinistrum, double-orifice mitral valve, large ventricular septal defect, and single ventricle who was under long-term bosentan treatment.

Author: TokgözHacer Ceren, KaymazCihangir, PociNertila, AkbalÖzgür Yaşar, ÖztürkSelçuk

No congenital abnormality
Successful delivery

This case report documents the successful cesarean delivery of a baby from a woman with Eisenmenger syndrome, a complex heart condition, who was also on long-term bosentan treatment. The delivery was uneventful, and the baby showed no signs of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities or any potential teratogenic effects from bosentan.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

22.

Fertility treatment as a risk factor for maternal request of cesarean delivery in twin pregnancies.

Author: OkbyRania, DruyanYura, SonenklarMolly, Aricha-TamirBarak, SacksKira Nahum, SheinerEyal

Reduced non-indicated CD

The rate of non-indicated cesarean deliveries (CDs) in twin pregnancies decreased over a 5-year period. Maternal age, previous CD, and fertility treatments were independent risk factors for non-indicated CD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Comparison of the treatment effects of methoxamine and combining methoxamine with atropine infusion to maintain blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a double blind randomized trial.

Author: LuoX-J, ZhengM, TianG, ZhongH-Y, ZouX-J, JianD-L

Hypotension treatment

Hypotension is a common complication of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. This study investigated the effectiveness of methoxamine-atropine therapy in treating spinal anesthesia hypotension.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

26.

Ertapenem compared to combination drug therapy for the treatment of postpartum endometritis after cesarean delivery.

Author: BrownKelecia R, WilliamsShauna F, ApuzzioJoseph J

Effective treatment of endometritis

This study compares the clinical outcomes and cost of ertapenem versus a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of postpartum endometritis after cesarean delivery.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

Resectoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy in previous cesarean delivery scar defect with vasopressin injection.

Author: ChangYu, KayNari, ChenYung Hung, ChenHung Sheng, TsaiEing Mei

Ectopic pregnancy treatment

Resectoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy in PCDS defect is a safe and efficient technique that has the advantage of a rapid return to normal levels of β-hCG.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

29.

Perioperative cesarean delivery morbidity among HIV-infected women under highly active antiretroviral treatment: a case-control study.

Author: MaiquesVicente, Garcia-TejedorAmparo, DiagoVicente, MolinaJosé M, BorrasDolores, Perales-PuchaltAlfredo, PeralesAlfredo

No increased risk
Low CD4 risk
Prematurity risk

HIV-infected women on HAART had similar post-cesarean complications compared to non-infected women. However, low CD4+ cell count and prematurity were risk factors for major complications in HIV-infected women.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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