Effective treatment of chiropractic: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

A number of studies have investigated the effects of chiropractic care on various conditions. One study, 1 , examined the relationship between chiropractic use and subsequent medical healthcare utilization and costs in adults with back pain in Ontario, Canada. Another study, 2 , explored the effects of chiropractic spinal adjustments on blood biomarkers associated with neural protection and plasticity in adults with chronic stroke. Additionally, research has focused on the potential for nocebo effects and other undesirable outcomes in chiropractic, osteopathy, and physiotherapy, emphasizing the need to minimize these risks. 3 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Chiropractic care has shown potential benefits in treating various conditions, including back pain, stroke, and other musculoskeletal problems. 1 , 2 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 15 . Studies have reported improvements in strength, balance, endurance, pain reduction, and functional recovery. 8 , 10 , 13 . Additionally, chiropractic care has shown promise in influencing neurological function and promoting recovery in stroke survivors. 9 , 13 .

Risk Summary

While chiropractic care is generally considered safe, adverse effects can occur in some individuals. 3 , 17 . These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, certain individuals, such as pregnant women or those with specific medical conditions, may have a higher risk. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before undergoing chiropractic care.

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Many studies have indicated that chiropractic care can be a beneficial treatment option for back pain and other musculoskeletal problems. A common finding across studies is that chiropractic care can contribute to pain reduction and improved functionality. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these studies vary in their participants, interventions, outcomes, and methodologies, requiring careful interpretation of the results.

Differences

The studies examined different conditions, intervention methods, assessment tools, and outcomes. For instance, some studies focused on back pain, while others explored stroke or other conditions. The chiropractic interventions also varied, including spinal adjustments, laser therapy, and exercise programs. Additionally, outcome measures differed, ranging from pain levels and functional improvements to blood biomarkers. These variations make direct comparisons between studies challenging.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of chiropractic care, the results may not always be consistent. This variability can be attributed to differences in study design, participant characteristics, intervention methods, and outcome measures. For example, some studies have shown positive effects of chiropractic care on back pain, while others have found no significant benefits. It is important to recognize the limitations of individual studies and consider the overall body of evidence.

Implications for Daily Life: Considerations

Chiropractic care has the potential to be a valuable treatment option for back pain and other musculoskeletal issues. However, it is crucial to remember that chiropractic care is not a universal solution. The effectiveness can vary based on individual conditions and symptoms. Additionally, potential risks and side effects must be considered. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before seeking chiropractic treatment.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the effectiveness of chiropractic care remains limited, particularly concerning long-term effects and safety. Furthermore, eliminating the influence of placebo effects and bias can be challenging. To address these limitations, future research should employ rigorous study designs, include larger participant groups, and conduct longer follow-up periods.

Directions for Future Research

Future research should aim to clarify the long-term effects, safety, and cost-effectiveness of chiropractic care. Research should explore its effectiveness across a broader range of conditions and symptoms. Additionally, research designs that minimize placebo effects and bias should be prioritized.

Conclusion

Chiropractic care holds potential as a beneficial treatment option for back pain and other musculoskeletal conditions. However, its effectiveness varies among individuals, and potential risks must be acknowledged. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before seeking chiropractic treatment.

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
5
Article Type
3
0
1
2
21
1.

Effects of chiropractic use on medical healthcare utilization and costs in adults with back pain in Ontario, Canada from 2003 to 2018: a population-based cohort study.

Author: WongJessica J, LuMindy, CôtéPierre, WatsonTristan, RosellaLaura C

This study assessed the association between chiropractic utilization and subsequent medical healthcare utilization and costs in a population-based cohort of Ontario adults with back pain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

The Effects of Four Weeks of Chiropractic Spinal Adjustments on Blood Biomarkers in Adults with Chronic Stroke: Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: HaavikHeidi, NiaziImran Khan, AmjadImran, KumariNitika, RashidUsman, DuehrJens, NavidMuhammad Samran, TragerRobert J, ShafiqueMuhammad, HoltKelly

Chiropractic spinal adjustments combined with physical therapy did not show a significant effect on serum BDNF, IGF-II, and GDNF in people with chronic stroke, indicating further research is needed to explore their potential impact.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Avoiding nocebo and other undesirable effects in chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy: An invitation to reflect.

Author: Hohenschurz-SchmidtDavid, ThomsonOliver P, RossettiniGiacomo, MiciakMaxi, NewellDave, RobertsLisa, VaseLene, Draper-RodiJerry

Nocebo effect

This article discusses the nocebo effect and its potential impact in chiropractic, osteopathy, and physiotherapy professions. It argues that some aspects of historical models of care may increase the risk of nocebo effects and highlights the need for further exploration of these undesirable effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

What are the effects of diagnostic imaging on clinical outcomes in patients with low back pain presenting for chiropractic care: a matched observational study.

Author: JenkinsHazel J, KongstedAlice, FrenchSimon D, JensenTue Secher, DoktorKlaus, HartvigsenJan, HancockMark

No benefit of imaging

The study aimed to determine the effect of diagnostic imaging on clinical outcomes in patients with low back pain presenting for chiropractic care.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation on laser-evoked pain and brain activity.

Author: ProvencherBenjamin, NorthonStéphane, Gevers MontoroCarlos, O'ShaughnessyJulie, PichéMathieu

Pain reduction

This study investigates the mechanisms underlying hypoalgesia induced by spinal manipulation (SM) in healthy volunteers. The study found that SM at the same spinal level as the pain site (T4) decreased laser-evoked pain, but not at a different level (T8), suggesting that SM produces segmental hypoalgesia through inhibition of nociceptive processes independent of Aδ fibers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Beneficial effects of manually assisted chiropractic adjusting instrument in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis.

Author: Conesa-BuendíaF M, MedieroA, FujikawaR, EsbritP, MuleroF, Mahillo-FernándezI, MuesArantxa Ortega-De

Cartilage integrity
OA mitigation
Subchondral bone improvement

This study investigated the effects of chiropractic manipulation (CM) on osteoarthritis (OA) in rabbits. CM improved subchondral bone sclerosis, cartilage integrity, and synovitis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention to mitigate OA progression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of Chiropractic Care on Strength, Balance, and Endurance in Active-Duty U.S. Military Personnel with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: ViningRobert, LongCynthia R, MinkalisAmy, GudavalliM Ram, XiaTing, WalterJoan, CoulterIan, GoertzChristine M

Endurance improvement
Reduced LBP
Strength improvement

This study found that active-duty military personnel receiving chiropractic care exhibited improved strength and endurance, as well as reduced low back pain intensity and disability, compared with a wait-list control.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Chiropractic Care on Back Pain in Quarter Horses.

Author: HausslerKevin K, ManchonPhilippe T, DonnellJosh R, FrisbieDavid D

Back pain treatment

This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of low-level laser therapy and chiropractic care in treating thoracolumbar pain in horses, demonstrating that laser therapy significantly reduced back pain, muscle hypertonicity, and stiffness. Combined laser therapy and chiropractic care provided additive effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled Trial, VeterinaryRandomized controlled trials involving animals. They evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment methods.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

The effects of a single session of chiropractic care on strength, cortical drive, and spinal excitability in stroke patients.

Author: HoltKelly, NiaziImran Khan, NedergaardRasmus Wiberg, DuehrJens, AmjadImran, ShafiqueMuhammad, AnwarMuhammad Nabeel, NdetanHarrison, TurkerKemal S, HaavikHeidi

Strength increase
Supraspinal modulation

This study investigated the effects of a single session of chiropractic care on plantar flexor muscle strength in chronic stroke patients. The results demonstrate a significant increase in strength following chiropractic care compared to a control intervention, suggesting that chiropractic care may improve neuromuscular function in stroke recovery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Effects of Expanded Coverage for Chiropractic Services on Medicare Costs in a CMS Demonstration.

Author: StasonWilliam B, RitterGrant A, MartinTimothy, ProttasJeffrey, TompkinsChristopher, ShepardDonald S

Low back pain relief

Chiropractic manipulations are effective for low back pain, but their effectiveness in other applications and cost-effectiveness require further investigation. This study examines the results of a two-year demonstration of expanded Medicare coverage for chiropractic services for beneficiaries with neuromusculoskeletal conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

The Hangover: The Early and Lasting Effects of the Controversial Incorporation of X-Ray Technology into Chiropractic.

Author: YoungKenneth J, BakkumBarclay W, SiordiaLawrence

Schism within profession
Vitalism hangover

This paper explores the use of X-rays by chiropractors, specifically focusing on B.J. Palmer's decision to incorporate this technology into chiropractic practice. It examines the controversy surrounding this decision and its impact on the profession.

BiographyA list of literature cited or referenced in a research paper or book. It shows the materials on which the research is based and is used to support the reliability of the paper.
Historical ArticleA research paper that analyzes past events and developments using primary sources and examines them from a historical perspective.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Evaluation of the effects of an evidence-based practice curriculum on knowledge, attitudes, and self-assessed skills and behaviors in chiropractic students.

Author: HaasMitchell, LeoMichael, PetersonDavid, LefebvreRon, VavrekDarcy

EBP curriculum effectiveness

An evidence-based practice (EBP) curriculum implemented in a chiropractic doctoral program resulted in increased knowledge, self-assessed skills, and self-reported behaviors favoring the use of quality online resources among students.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

19.

Reporting of adverse effects in randomised clinical trials of chiropractic manipulations: a systematic review.

Author: ErnstEdzard, PosadzkiPaul

Chiropractic manipulation
Poorly reported

Adverse effects are poorly reported in recent RCTs of chiropractic manipulations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Effects of chiropractic care on pain and function in patients with hip osteoarthritis waiting for arthroplasty: a clinical pilot trial.

Author: ThormanPernilla, DixnerAlexander, SundbergTobias

Reduced hip pain

Chiropractic care may provide a short-term benefit in decreasing hip pain for patients with hip osteoarthritis waiting for hip arthroplasty. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups is needed to confirm these findings.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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