Effects of clonidine: A Synthesis of Findings from 6 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, is known to extend the effects of local anesthetics and provide satisfactory pain relief. However, its intrathecal administration has been associated with low blood pressure and slow heart rate. 3 . This study aimed to investigate whether intrathecal clonidine can reduce the dose of local anesthetics, and its effects on the cardiovascular system and arousal levels. 3 . Oral premedication with clonidine has been shown to reduce anesthetic requirements, influence hormonal responses, hemodynamics, and recovery in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients. 2 . Studies have also explored the effects of clonidine on cognitive functions such as consciousness, memory, and attention. 4 . Premedication with clonidine holds promise as a treatment to reduce hemodynamic and psychological effects associated with ketamine anesthesia for dressing changes in burn patients. 6 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Clonidine has the potential to prolong the effects of local anesthetics and enhance pain relief. 3 . It may reduce the need for anesthetics and potentially stabilize hormonal responses and hemodynamics in CABG surgery patients. 2 . Clonidine can also be used to mitigate hemodynamic and psychological effects associated with ketamine anesthesia. 6 .

Risks Summary

Clonidine can cause low blood pressure and slow heart rate. 3 . It may also affect cognitive functions such as attention, leading to distractions. 4 .

Comparison of Studies

Similarities

Several studies consistently demonstrate the impact of clonidine on the cardiovascular system. 3 2 6 . Some research suggests clonidine's potential to decrease anesthetic requirements. 2 6 .

Differences

The route and dosage of clonidine vary across studies. Some research focuses on intrathecal administration, while others investigate oral or nasal routes. 3 2 5 . The target populations and conditions also differ. Studies have involved CABG surgery patients, burn patients, and healthy volunteers. 2 4 6 .

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Studies consistently reveal clonidine's effect on lowering blood pressure and heart rate. 3 2 5 . However, research findings concerning the impact of clonidine on cognitive function are inconsistent. Some studies suggest that clonidine can impair attention. 4 . However, there are no reports suggesting a direct effect of clonidine on memory or learning abilities. 4 .

Considerations for Practical Application

Caution should be exercised when using clonidine due to its potential to cause low blood pressure and slow heart rate. 3 . As clonidine may also impair attention, individuals should be mindful when engaging in activities requiring focus, such as driving or operating machinery. 4 . Consulting a healthcare professional is essential before considering the use of clonidine to weigh the potential benefits and risks.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the effects of clonidine varies in terms of populations studied and methodologies employed, emphasizing the need for further investigation. Long-term effects and efficacy across diverse diseases remain largely uncharted territory. Optimal dosages and administration methods require further research.

Future Research Directions

Future research should explore the long-term effects of clonidine and its efficacy across various diseases. Research on establishing optimal dosages and administration methods is also crucial. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of clonidine on cognitive function. These research endeavors will contribute to a deeper understanding of the safe and effective use of clonidine.

Conclusion

Clonidine presents a potential to extend the effects of local anesthetics and enhance pain relief, but it is important to note the potential for side effects such as low blood pressure and slow heart rate. Its potential to impair attention necessitates careful consideration. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential when considering the use of clonidine to weigh potential benefits and risks. Continued research will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of clonidine's safe and effective application.

Literature analysis of 6 papers
Positive Content
5
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
6
0
0
0
6
1.

Absence of opiate and histamine H2 receptor-mediated effects of clonidine.

Author: WatkinsJ, FitzGeraldG, ZamboulisC, BrownM J, DolleryC T

The effects of intravenous clonidine were not attenuated by pretreatment with cimetidine or naloxone in normal subjects. This suggests that clonidine's effects are not mediated by histamine H2 or opiate receptors but rather through central adrenergic mechanisms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Effect of oral clonidine premedication on anesthetic requirement, hormonal response, hemodynamics, and recovery in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients.

Author: HowieM B, HiestandD C, JoplingM W, RomanelliV A, KellyW B, McSweeneyT D

Lowered hormonal response
Reduced opioid use
Stable hemodynamics

Premedication with clonidine reduced opioid use, decreased hormonal response, and maintained stable hemodynamics in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Spinal anesthesia with clonidine and bupivacaine in young humans: interactions and effects on the cardiovascular system.

Author: De NegriP, BorrelliF, SalvatoreR, ViscontiC, De VivoP, MastronardiP

Reduced dose of local anesthetic
Bradycardia
Hypotension

This study investigated the potential of intrathecal clonidine to reduce the dose of local anesthetic, as well as its effects on the cardiovascular system and arousal level.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Selective effects of clonidine and temazepam on attention and memory.

Author: TipladyBrian, BownessEllen, StienLaura, DrummondGordon

Cognitive function improvement
Cognitive impairment
Sedation

This study compared the effects of clonidine and temazepam on cognitive function in healthy volunteers. Both drugs impaired performance on most tasks in a dose-related fashion. Clonidine specifically impaired attention in the presence of distractors and working memory, while temazepam impaired the formation of new long-term memories. This suggests that central noradrenergic function may be involved in preventing distraction.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Steal-induction after clonidine premedication: a comparison of the oral and nasal route.

Author: AlmenraderNicole, PassarielloMaurizio, CoccettiBruno, HaibergerRoberta, PietropaoliPaolo

Preoperative anxiolysis
Preoperative sedation

This study compared the clinical effects and incidence of steal-induction of oral and nasal clonidine premedication in children. Nasal clonidine was found to reach peak plasma levels within 10 minutes in rodents, suggesting a faster onset compared to oral administration.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Clonidine for reduction of hemodynamic and psychological effects of S+ ketamine anesthesia for dressing changes in patients with major burns: an RCT.

Author: PrettoGiorgio, WestphalGlauco Adrieno, SilvaEliezer

Anesthetic sparing
Reduced hemodynamic effects
Reduced psychological effects

This study investigated the interactions between clonidine and ketamine in hemodynamic and psychological effects. Clonidine was found to reduce the hemodynamic and psychological effects of ketamine, suggesting a potential role in anesthetic sparing.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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