Effects of co-trimoxazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Cotrimoxazole, a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, is a commonly used antibiotic for treating bacterial and parasitic infections. Studies have shown that cotrimoxazole may have negative effects on sperm quality and testicular tissue. 3 found that male rats treated with cotrimoxazole exhibited decreased sperm quality and histological changes in testicular tissue. 4 reported that dogs treated with cotrimoxazole had lower thyroid hormone levels and potential negative effects on testicular tissue. These studies indicate that cotrimoxazole may have adverse effects on male reproductive function.

Cotrimoxazole has also been shown to be effective in preventing and treating infections, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. 17 found that cotrimoxazole was effective in treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Additionally, 1 reported that cotrimoxazole was effective in treating community-acquired urinary tract infections.

Furthermore, cotrimoxazole may impact the transmission of malaria by affecting the gut microbiota of malaria mosquitos. 8 found that cotrimoxazole negatively impacted the infection intensity of malaria in mosquitos. However, the effect of cotrimoxazole on malaria infection may vary depending on the dose and method of administration.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Cotrimoxazole is an effective treatment for bacterial and parasitic infections. It has been shown to be beneficial in preventing and treating infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. Additionally, cotrimoxazole may have a role in reducing the transmission of malaria.

Risk Summary

Cotrimoxazole may have negative effects on sperm quality and testicular tissue. It may also lead to adverse effects on thyroid and liver function. Side effects such as rash, decreased blood cell count, and hypoglycemia have been reported.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

Multiple studies have shown that cotrimoxazole is effective in treating bacterial and parasitic infections. Common adverse effects reported across studies include rash, decreased blood cell count, and hypoglycemia.

Differences Among Studies

The findings on the impact of cotrimoxazole on male reproductive function are not entirely consistent. Some studies indicate potential negative effects on sperm quality and testicular tissue, while others do not show such effects. Similarly, the effects of cotrimoxazole on malaria infection vary depending on the study.

Consistency and Discrepancies in Results

Although cotrimoxazole has shown efficacy in many studies, there are conflicting reports regarding its potential negative effects on male reproductive function. The contradictory findings necessitate a careful consideration of both the benefits and risks associated with cotrimoxazole use.

Real-World Application Considerations

Cotrimoxazole is a valuable antibiotic for treating bacterial and parasitic infections. However, its potential negative effects on male reproductive function need to be considered. Individuals who are trying to conceive or have concerns about fertility should consult their doctor to determine if cotrimoxazole is appropriate.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the safety and efficacy of cotrimoxazole is still ongoing. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects and impact on specific populations.

Future Research Directions

Further research is crucial to investigate the impact of cotrimoxazole on male reproductive function in greater detail. Additional studies are also needed to examine the effects of cotrimoxazole on malaria infection. Long-term effects and impact on specific populations need to be explored as well.

Conclusion

Cotrimoxazole is an effective antibiotic for treating bacterial and parasitic infections. However, its potential negative effects on male reproductive function necessitate careful consideration of its benefits and risks. Consultation with a healthcare professional is essential to understand the appropriate use of cotrimoxazole.

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
4
Article Type
4
0
0
1
20
2.

Effects of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis on <i>Talaromyces marneffei</i> infection in HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Author: JiangJunjun, QinFengxiang, MengSirun, NehlEric J, HuangJinping, LiuYanfen, ZouJun, DongWenyi, HuangJiegang, ChenHui, ZangNing, LiangBingyu, NingChuanyi, LiaoYanyan, LuoChaolian, LiuHuifang, LiuXin, WangJian, ZhouOulu, LeThuy, YeLi, WuFengyao, LiangHao

Prevention of TM infection

This retrospective observational cohort study examined the effect of cotrimoxazole (CTX) on the incidence of Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infection in HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Guangxi, China. CTX prophylaxis significantly reduced TM incidence, particularly in patients with lower CD4+ cell counts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

3.

Effects of administration of co-trimoxazole and folic acid on sperm quality and histological changes of testes in male rats.

Author: SalarkiaEhsan, SepehriGholamreza, TorabzadehParvin, AbshenasJalil, SaberiArezoo

Sperm quality decrease
Testes morphology change

Co-trimoxazole treatment in rats caused a significant decrease in sperm quality and testicular structural abnormalities, partially reversed by folic acid co-administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Effects of concurrent exposure to antiretrovirals and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants.

Author: EwingAlexander C, KingCaroline C, WienerJeffrey B, ChaselaCharles S, HudgensMichael G, KamwendoDebbie, TeghaGerald, HosseinipourMina C, JamiesonDenise J, Van der HorstCharles, KourtisAthena P

Increased hemoglobin
Reduced bacterial infections
Reduced malarial infections
Increased neutropenia

Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) was associated with an increased risk of severe neutropenia and a decreased risk of severe anemia in HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants. CPT was also associated with higher infant blood hemoglobin levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Acute glycaemic effects of co-trimoxazole at prophylactic dose in healthy adults.

Author: KenteuBernold, NoubiapJean Jacques N, EtoaMartine Claude, Azabji-KenfackMarcel, DehayemMesmin, SobngwiEugene

Hypoglycemia

This study investigates the acute effects of co-trimoxazole at prophylactic doses on glucose metabolism in healthy adults to determine if it causes hypoglycemia similar to that seen in HIV/AIDS patients receiving higher doses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Effects of Co-Trimoxazole on Microbial Translocation in HIV-1-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.

Author: VesterbackaJan, BarqashoBabilonia, HäggblomAmanda, NowakPiotr

HIV treatment

The use of co-trimoxazole (TMP-SMX) in HIV-1 patients initiating ART reduces microbial translocation markers LBP and sCD14, probably due to its impact on the gut microbiota.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Effects of cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment on adverse health outcomes among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants.

Author: DowAnna, KayiraDumbani, HudgensMichael, Van RieAnnelies, KingCaroline C, EllingtonSascha, KourtisAthena, TurnerAbigail Norris, MeshnickSteven, KachecheZebrone, JamiesonDenise J, ChaselaCharles, van der HorstCharles

HIV prevention
Adverse health outcomes

Cotrimoxazole prophylactic treatment (CPT) in HIV-exposed infants was found to have limited effects on adverse health outcomes during the first 36 weeks of life. More research is needed to evaluate the potential benefits and risks of CPT in this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Effects of artesunate-cotrimoxazole and amodiaquine-artesunate against asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigerian children.

Author: FehintolaFatai A, AdedejiAhmed A, GbotoshoGrace O, HappiChristian T, BalogunSulaiman T, FolarinOnikepe A, SijuadeAbayomi O, SowunmiAkintunde

Malaria treatment
Reduced transmission

This study evaluated the efficacy of artesunate-cotrimoxazole and artesunate-amodiaquine combinations against asexual and sexual-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigerian children. Both treatment regimens achieved rapid parasite clearance and reduced gametocyte carriage, suggesting potential for reducing malaria transmission.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

The effects of cotrimoxazole or tenofovir co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc in healthy volunteers.

Author: AbelSamantha, RussellDeborah, WhitlockLyndsey A, RidgwayCaroline E, MuirheadGary J

Pharmacokinetic profile alteration
Adverse events

Neither cotrimoxazole nor tenofovir caused a clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

[Serious side effects of frequently used antibiotics in childhood: biliary sludge or stones induced by ceftriaxone and thrombocytopenia induced by co-trimoxazole].

Author: VoetenM, LandstraA M, MaselandM H H, van SettenP A

Cholecystitis
Cholelithiasis
Thrombocytopenia

Ceftriaxone and co-trimoxazole are antibiotics that can cause serious side effects in children. Ceftriaxone can cause cholecystitis, while co-trimoxazole can cause thrombocytopenia. It is important to ensure a correct dosage in children, since side effects are potentially dose-related.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Dutch

14.

Effects of trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole on the morphology of Listeria monocytogenes in culture medium and after phagocytosis.

Author: MinkowskiP, StaegeH, GroscurthP, SchaffnerA

Listeria treatment

This study investigated the effects of trimethoprim, a medication used to treat bacterial infections, on Listeria monocytogenes, a bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Trimethoprim was found to be effective against Listeria both inside and outside of cells.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Effects of imipenem, cefotaxime and cotrimoxazole on aerobic microbial colonization of the digestive tract.

Author: Van der LeurJ J, ThunnissenP L, ClasenerH A, MullerN F, DofferhoffA S

Antibiotic treatment
Antibiotic resistance
Superinfection

All three antimicrobial agents (cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole, and imipenem/cilastine) impair colonization resistance in patients with systemic infections. Cefotaxime and imipenem/cilastine were associated with an increased risk of overgrowth with resistant microorganisms, while cotrimoxazole was associated with a lower risk.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

[Adverse effects of cotrimoxazole in Spanish patients with AIDS and pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii].

Author: Pérez-CortésS, Pérez-PérezM, Vergara de CamposA, TorresM, LuceroM I, CifuentesN

Effective PCP treatment
Low platelet count
Low white blood cell count
Skin rash

Cotrimoxazole (CMX) was used as initial therapy in 37 Spanish AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Adverse reactions occurred in 46% of patients, with 24.3% considered severe and 10.8% leading to discontinuation of CMX therapy. The most frequent adverse effects were low white blood cells count, skin rash, and low platelet count.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Spanish

18.

[Effects of cotrimoxazole on some macrophage functions: microbicide, tumoricide, production of free oxygen radicals, prostaglandins and leukotrienes].

Author: CarréP, ForgueM F, PipyB, BeraudM, BessièresM H, DidierA, LeophonteP

Immunomodulation
Wegener's granulomatosis treatment

Cotrimoxazole is an antibiotic that can modulate macrophage (M phi) functions. In vitro, cotrimoxazole inhibited chemiluminescence of murine peritoneal or guinea pig alveolar M phi. It also inhibited production of prostaglandins but enhanced production of leukotrienes. These findings may explain why cotrimoxazole is effective in treating Wegener's granulomatosis, a condition that affects immune function.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : French

19.

Adverse effects of antibiotics in a general practice. The relative risk of co-trimoxazole.

Author: Bridges-WebbC, BrittH

The prescribing patterns of co-trimoxazole are different from other antibiotics. This makes it difficult to assess the relative risks of side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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