Side Effects of cyclobenzaprine: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Cyclobenzaprine is a medication used to relieve muscle spasms and reduce pain. This drug has been shown to be effective in the treatment of both acute and chronic pain in several studies. For example, 21 evaluated the effectiveness of combination therapy with cyclobenzaprine and ibuprofen for acute myofascial strain. Also, 4 indicated that cyclobenzaprine may play a role in the short-term management of acute neck and back pain, as well as fibromyalgia. On the other hand, 6 reported that cyclobenzaprine can rarely cause acute dystonia and rhabdomyolysis.

Reasons for Side Effects

Cyclobenzaprine is structurally similar to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and can cause side effects such as anticholinergic effects and serotonin syndrome. 4 explains that the side effects of cyclobenzaprine are mainly due to anticholinergic effects.

Common Side Effects

Drowsiness

Drowsiness is one of the most common side effects of cyclobenzaprine. 5 , 19 , and 4 reported drowsiness after administration of cyclobenzaprine.

Dry Mouth

Cyclobenzaprine can cause dry mouth due to its anticholinergic effects. 4 lists dry mouth as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine.

Constipation

Cyclobenzaprine can cause constipation due to its anticholinergic effects. 4 lists constipation as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine.

Blurred Vision

Cyclobenzaprine can cause blurred vision due to its anticholinergic effects. 4 lists blurred vision as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine.

Dizziness

Cyclobenzaprine can cause dizziness. 4 lists dizziness as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine.

Palpitations

Cyclobenzaprine can cause palpitations. 4 lists palpitations as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine.

Lightheadedness

Cyclobenzaprine can cause lightheadedness. 4 lists lightheadedness as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine.

Indigestion

Cyclobenzaprine can cause indigestion. 4 lists indigestion as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine.

Liver Dysfunction

Cyclobenzaprine can rarely cause liver dysfunction. 17 reports a case where liver dysfunction occurred after cyclobenzaprine administration.

Dystonia

Cyclobenzaprine can rarely cause dystonia. 17 reports a case where dystonia occurred after cyclobenzaprine administration. Also, 6 indicates that cyclobenzaprine can cause acute dystonia and rhabdomyolysis.

Rhabdomyolysis

Cyclobenzaprine can rarely cause rhabdomyolysis. 6 indicates that cyclobenzaprine can cause acute dystonia and rhabdomyolysis.

Measures for Side Effects

Drowsiness

If drowsiness occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, it is important to take safety precautions such as avoiding driving or operating machinery. You may also need to consult your doctor to adjust your dosage or change to another medication. 5 reports that drowsiness increased with combination therapy of cyclobenzaprine and naproxen, emphasizing the need for caution when driving or operating machinery.

Dry Mouth

If dry mouth occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, be sure to drink plenty of fluids. 4 lists dry mouth as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine and emphasizes the importance of hydration.

Constipation

If constipation occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, it is necessary to eat plenty of fiber, exercise, or consult a doctor for a prescription for constipation medication. 4 lists constipation as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine and emphasizes the importance of constipation measures.

Blurred Vision

If blurred vision occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, it is important to take safety precautions such as avoiding driving or operating machinery. 4 lists blurred vision as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine and emphasizes the importance of safety measures.

Dizziness

If dizziness occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, be careful of falling, such as getting up slowly. 4 lists dizziness as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine and emphasizes the importance of fall prevention measures.

Palpitations

If palpitations occur due to cyclobenzaprine administration, you may need to consult your doctor to adjust your dosage or change to another medication. 4 lists palpitations as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine and recommends consulting a doctor.

Lightheadedness

If lightheadedness occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, it is important to take safety precautions such as avoiding driving or operating machinery. 4 lists lightheadedness as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine and emphasizes the importance of safety measures.

Indigestion

If indigestion occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, you may need to consult your doctor to adjust your dosage or change to another medication. 4 lists indigestion as a side effect of cyclobenzaprine and recommends consulting a doctor.

Liver Dysfunction

If liver dysfunction occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, consult your doctor immediately. 17 reports a case where liver dysfunction occurred after cyclobenzaprine administration, mentioning the response to liver dysfunction.

Dystonia

If dystonia occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, consult your doctor immediately. 17 , 6 reports cases where dystonia occurred after cyclobenzaprine administration, mentioning the response to dystonia.

Rhabdomyolysis

If rhabdomyolysis occurs due to cyclobenzaprine administration, consult your doctor immediately. 6 indicates that cyclobenzaprine can cause acute dystonia and rhabdomyolysis, mentioning the response to rhabdomyolysis.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Many studies have shown that cyclobenzaprine is an effective drug for relieving muscle spasms and reducing pain. 21 , 19 , 24 , 5 , and 4 reported the analgesic effects of cyclobenzaprine.

Differences in Studies

The effects and side effects of cyclobenzaprine may vary depending on the study. For example, 21 evaluated the effectiveness of combination therapy with cyclobenzaprine and ibuprofen for acute myofascial strain. On the other hand, 5 reports that drowsiness increased with combination therapy of cyclobenzaprine and naproxen. Also, 6 reports that cyclobenzaprine can rarely cause acute dystonia and rhabdomyolysis.

Cautions for Real-life Application

Cyclobenzaprine is an effective drug for relieving muscle spasms and reducing pain, but it can cause side effects such as drowsiness and dizziness. Therefore, it is important to take safety precautions when taking cyclobenzaprine, such as avoiding driving or operating machinery. If your condition changes while taking cyclobenzaprine, consult your doctor immediately. 5 reports that drowsiness increased with combination therapy of cyclobenzaprine and naproxen, emphasizing the need for caution when driving or operating machinery.

Limitations of Current Research

The long-term effects and safety of cyclobenzaprine have not been adequately studied. 4 indicates that further research on the long-term effects and safety of cyclobenzaprine is needed.

Future Research Directions

Research on the long-term effects and safety of cyclobenzaprine is needed. Further research is also needed on the appropriate dosage and duration of cyclobenzaprine administration. 4 indicates that research on the long-term effects and safety of cyclobenzaprine is needed. Also, 18 suggests the need to consider the appropriate dosage of cyclobenzaprine.

Conclusion

Cyclobenzaprine is an effective drug for relieving muscle spasms and reducing pain, but it can cause side effects such as drowsiness and dizziness. It is important to take safety precautions when taking cyclobenzaprine. Also, further research on the long-term effects and safety of cyclobenzaprine is needed. 4 indicates that research on the long-term effects and safety of cyclobenzaprine is needed. It is important to take cyclobenzaprine as directed by your doctor.

Literature analysis of 24 papers
Positive Content
12
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
9
Article Type
5
1
1
3
22
1.

Postoperative Use of the Muscle Relaxants Baclofen and/or Cyclobenzaprine Associated With an Increased Risk of Delirium Following Lumbar Fusion.

Author: PerezEli A, RayEmanuel, GoldColin J, ParkBrian J, PiscopoAnthony, CarnahanRyan M, BanksMatthew, SandersRobert D, OlingerCatherine R, MuellerRashmi N, WoodroffeRoyce W

Delirium

Postoperative use of muscle relaxants in older adults undergoing lumbar fusion surgery was associated with an increased risk of delirium. The incidence of delirium was 17.6% in patients who received muscle relaxants compared to 7.9% in those who did not. Multivariate analysis confirmed a 2.00 times higher risk of delirium in the muscle relaxant group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Energy metabolism as a target for cyclobenzaprine: A drug candidate against Visceral Leishmaniasis.

Author: LimaMarta Lopes, AbengózarMaria A, Torres-SantosEduardo Caio, BorboremaSamanta Etel Treiger, GodzienJoanna, López-GonzálvezÁngeles, BarbasCoral, RivasLuis, TemponeAndre Gustavo

Leishmanicidal activity

Cyclobenzaprine, an FDA-approved muscle relaxant, showed leishmanicidal activity by disrupting energy metabolism in *Leishmania infantum*. The drug caused a decrease in ATP levels, depolarization of the plasma membrane, and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting it as a potential new treatment for leishmaniasis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

"Feeling the Blues": A Case of Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose Managed With Methylene Blue.

Author: PellegriniJames R, MunshiRezwan, TiwanaMuhammad S, AbrahamTinu, TahirHira, SayedyNajia, IqbalJaved

Improved blood pressure
ARDS
Hypotension
Respiratory depression

This study reports on a patient who experienced a severe reaction to amlodipine overdose. The patient was treated with methylene blue, a drug that can improve blood pressure and reduce inflammation in the lungs. The patient’s condition improved significantly after receiving methylene blue.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

5.

Cyclobenzaprine and naproxen versus naproxen alone in the treatment of acute low back pain and muscle spasm.

Author: BorensteinD G, LacksS, WieselS W

Pain relief
Reduced muscle spasm
Drowsiness

Cyclobenzaprine and naproxen combination therapy was more effective than naproxen alone for treating acute low back pain with associated muscle spasm. It provided greater relief from muscle spasm and tenderness and faster resolution of functional deficits and pain.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Acute Dystonia With Rhabdomyolysis Induced by Paliperidone Palmitate: A Rare Adverse Effect.

Author: AllenaNishant, DoppalapudiSai, KhanalSneha, TankSteven, NasrRabih

Extrapyramidal side effects
Rhabdomyolysis

This report describes a case of rhabdomyolysis following a long-acting injectable (LAI) paliperidone palmitate injection, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of extrapyramidal side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

8.

Retrospective Evaluation on the Analgesic Activities of 2 Compounded Topical Creams and Voltaren Gel in Chronic Noncancer Pain.

Author: SombergJohn C, MolnarJanos

Chronic pain treatment

This study evaluates the efficacy of two compounded topical creams, Cream I and Cream II, in patients with chronic pain compared to Voltaren gel. Both creams demonstrated significantly more pain reduction (37% and 35%, respectively) than Voltaren gel (19%).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Neuropsychiatric side effects of cyclobenzaprine.

Author: ShprecherDavid, SloanColgan T, SederholmBenson

Serotonin syndrome

This case report describes a patient who experienced symptoms of delirium and hyperkinetic movement disorders after initiating treatment with cyclobenzaprine and oxycodone. These symptoms are consistent with serotonin syndrome, a potential side effect of cyclobenzaprine. The case reminds clinicians to monitor for serotonin syndrome when using cyclobenzaprine, especially when adding other medications that can affect serotonin levels.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Interpreting tricyclic antidepressant measurements in urine in an emergency department setting: comparison of two qualitative point-of-care urine tricyclic antidepressant drug immunoassays with quantitative serum chromatographic analysis.

Author: MelansonStacy E F, LewandrowskiElizabeth Lee, GriggsDavid A, FloodJames G

TCA detection
TCA side effects
TCA toxicity

Qualitative urine immunoassays can be useful for detecting tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in suspected overdose cases. However, clinicians should be aware of their limitations, including potential false positives and the inability to determine specific serum concentrations.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Induction of Psychosis by Cyclobenzaprine.

Author: CohenJohan Y, GuilbaultAmélie

Muscle spasm treatment
Psychosis

This case report describes a 44-year-old patient who experienced reversible mania after being treated with cyclobenzaprine for pain. The case highlights the importance of considering the potential for psychosis with cyclobenzaprine, especially in individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

False-positive tricyclic antidepressant drug screen results leading to the diagnosis of carbamazepine intoxication.

Author: MatosM E, BurnsM M, ShannonM W

False-positive results
Toxic ingestion

Carbamazepine ingestion is a common pediatric overdose, often misdiagnosed due to false-positive tricyclic antidepressant toxic screen results. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing potential false-positive results and using more reliable testing methods.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Trends in use of high-risk medications for older veterans: 2004 to 2006.

Author: PughMary Jo V, HanlonJoseph T, WangChen-Pin, SemlaTodd, BurkMuriel, AmuanMegan E, LoweryAshlei, GoodChester B, BerlowitzDan R

High-risk medication use

The study examines the use of high-risk medications for the elderly (HRME) in older outpatient veterans over a three-year period. It aims to assess the changes in HRME use and identify risk factors associated with exposure to these medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

16.

Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis.

Author: RichardsBethan L, WhittleSamuel L, BuchbinderRachelle

Pain management

Muscle relaxants are widely used as adjuncts in managing chronic musculoskeletal pain, but evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

Torticollis under cyclobenzaprine.

Author: ReussReinhard, ReuterIris, JaussMarek, FischerFalko, MullerSilke C, StolzErwin

Muscle relaxation
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Myoclonic movements
Torticollis

A patient presented with torticollis and myoclonic movements after treatment with cyclobenzaprine, a muscle-relaxing 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous biperiden. This case highlights the importance of appropriate dosage in case of liver impairment and the potential consequences regarding the therapy of motor side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Comparison of amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine, and placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Author: CaretteS, BellM J, ReynoldsW J, HaraouiB, McCainG A, BykerkV P, EdworthyS M, BaronM, KoehlerB E, FamA G

Short-term efficacy
Placebo response
Unpredictable long-term efficacy

Amitriptyline and cyclobenzaprine were both effective in treating fibromyalgia in the short-term, but long-term efficacy could not be demonstrated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

A double-blind crossover study of two cyclobenzaprine regimens in primary fibromyalgia syndrome.

Author: SantandreaS, MontroneF, Sarzi-PuttiniP, BoccassiniL, CarusoI

Cyclobenzaprine effective
Fibromyalgia treatment
High dose
Side effects

A single dose of 10mg cyclobenzaprine at bedtime effectively improves symptoms of primary fibromyalgia syndrome with fewer side effects than a higher dose. In a study of 40 patients, both doses were effective in reducing pain and improving sleep, anxiety, fatigue, and stiffness, but the higher dose was associated with more side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

Cyclobenzaprine with ibuprofen versus ibuprofen alone in acute myofascial strain: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Author: TurturroMichael A, FraterCraig R, D'AmicoFrank J

Pain reduction
Central nervous system side effects

Adding cyclobenzaprine to ibuprofen did not improve analgesia in emergency department patients with acute myofascial strain. However, it was associated with a greater prevalence of central nervous system side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Oral Muscle Relaxants for the Treatment of Chronic Pain Associated with Cerebral Palsy.

Author: PeckJacki, UritsIvan, CraneJoshua, McNallyAlexandra, NoorNazir, PatelMegha, BergerAmnon A, CornettElyse M, KassemHisham, KayeAlan D, ViswanathOmar

Reduced muscle pain

This literature review examines the available evidence for the use of oral muscle relaxants in treating cerebral palsy (CP) and associated chronic pain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

Combined therapy with cyclobenzaprine and ibuprofen in primary fibromyalgia syndrome.

Author: FossaluzzaV, De VitaS

Relief of PFS
Safe

Cyclobenzaprine, alone or in combination with ibuprofen, was found to be effective in relieving symptoms of primary fibromyalgia syndrome. The combination therapy was more effective in reducing morning stiffness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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