Effects of deferiprone: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Deferiprone, an oral iron chelator, has been shown to be effective in reducing iron overload in patients with β-thalassemia. 17 found that combined therapy with deferiprone and deferoxamine significantly reduced iron load in the liver and heart of patients with β-thalassemia. 20 suggested that deferiprone may be more effective than deferoxamine in preventing heart disease and extending survival in patients with β-thalassemia. In addition, 19 demonstrated that deferiprone is an effective and safe iron chelator in Pakistani patients with β-thalassemia. These studies suggest that deferiprone is a promising drug for the treatment of iron overload.

6 showed that deferiprone improved cardiac function and calcium regulation in a mouse model of iron overload. However, the study concluded that further research is needed to clarify the effect of deferiprone on calcium regulation. 12 found that combined therapy with deferiprone and deferoxamine improved right ventricular function in patients with β-thalassemia. 15 suggests that deferiprone may affect the oxygen affinity of β-thalassemia hemoglobin, indicating a potential impact on hemoglobin structure and function. However, 13 suggests that deferiprone may promote iron uptake in hepatocytes, highlighting the complex mechanism of action.

18 reported a dramatic improvement in symptoms and myocardial function in a patient with end-stage heart failure from β-thalassemia who was treated with deferiprone in addition to desferrioxamine. This study suggests that deferiprone may be a viable therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure. 9 found that the pharmacokinetics of deferiprone is affected by renal function, suggesting the need to adjust the dose of deferiprone in patients with impaired kidney function. Furthermore, 21 suggested that deferiprone may affect the immune status of patients with β-thalassemia. More research is needed to understand the impact of deferiprone on the immune system.

1 found that deferiprone reduced brain damage caused by lead poisoning in mice. This study suggests that deferiprone may be a potential treatment option for lead poisoning. 8 showed that deferiprone and deferoxamine reduced iron accumulation in the kidneys of iron-overloaded mice, but the two drugs worked through different mechanisms. This study highlights the complex mechanism of action of deferiprone and calls for further research. In addition, 11 showed that deferiprone reduced spleen damage caused by aluminum poisoning. 10 found that deferiprone reduced iron accumulation in the liver and heart of iron-overloaded mice, indicating its potential as a treatment option for iron overload.

7 compared the iron chelation effects of deferoxamine, deferasirox, and a combination of deferoxamine and deferiprone on liver and heart iron load measured by T2* MRI. This study found that combining deferiprone with deferoxamine improved iron reduction in the heart and liver. 14 found that deferiprone did not promote the growth of *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, a bacteria often found in patients with thalassemia, suggesting that deferiprone does not increase the risk of infection. 16 demonstrated that deferiprone inhibited the growth of *Vibrio vulnificus*, a bacteria that can cause serious infections. This finding suggests that deferiprone may have antibacterial properties against certain bacteria.

5 found that deferiprone reduced the toxicity of iron overload on osteoblasts but could not fully prevent their death. This suggests that deferiprone may need to be used in combination with other therapies to treat iron overload-induced osteoporosis. 4 found that deferiprone reduced the toxicity of lead poisoning on testes in mice. This study suggests that deferiprone may be a potential treatment option for lead poisoning. 2 found that deferiprone reduced the accumulation of cadmium in the brain of mice exposed to cadmium. This study suggests that deferiprone may be a potential treatment option for cadmium poisoning. Finally, 3 found that deferiprone reduced kidney damage caused by lead poisoning but salinomycin was more effective. This study suggests that the effectiveness of deferiprone in treating lead poisoning may be limited compared to other drugs.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Deferiprone may be an effective drug for treating iron overload. Deferiprone may help prevent or reduce damage to organs such as the heart and liver by reducing iron accumulation in these organs. Deferiprone may also be effective in treating heavy metal poisoning, such as lead and cadmium poisoning. In addition, deferiprone may have antibacterial properties against certain bacteria.

Risks Summary

Deferiprone can cause side effects. Some common side effects of deferiprone include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, joint pain, anemia, and liver dysfunction. Deferiprone may also affect kidney function. Doses may need to be adjusted for patients with impaired kidney function. Furthermore, deferiprone may affect immune status. More research is needed to understand the impact of deferiprone on the immune system.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities between Studies

Many studies suggest that deferiprone is an effective treatment for iron overload. These studies show that deferiprone is effective in reducing iron accumulation in the heart and liver. Additionally, deferiprone may also be effective in treating heavy metal poisoning such as lead poisoning and cadmium poisoning.

Differences between Studies

The mechanism of action and side effects of deferiprone vary between studies. Some studies suggest that deferiprone may promote iron uptake. There are also variations in reported side effects. These differences may be due to different disease types, patient characteristics, deferiprone doses, and research methodologies.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

The results of studies on the effects of deferiprone have shown both consistency and contradictions. Many studies suggest that deferiprone is effective for treating iron overload, but there are variations in the reported mechanism of action and side effects. The mechanism of action of deferiprone is complex and requires further research.

Real-World Application Considerations

Deferiprone is a potential drug for treating iron overload. However, deferiprone can cause side effects. It's important to follow your doctor's instructions if you are taking deferiprone. Additionally, avoid self-adjusting your dose or discontinuing medication without consulting your doctor. If you have concerns about the side effects of deferiprone, consult your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

The research on deferiprone's effects is still limited. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects and safety of deferiprone. More detailed research is also needed on the mechanism of action and side effects of deferiprone. Additionally, the effects of deferiprone may vary between patients. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate the effects of deferiprone on an individual basis.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to better understand the effects of deferiprone. Long-term effects and safety of deferiprone should be investigated. More detailed research on the mechanism of action and side effects is also necessary. Finally, research on evaluating the effects of deferiprone on an individual basis is crucial.

Conclusions

Deferiprone shows potential as a treatment for iron overload. However, it's important to be aware of the potential side effects. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking deferiprone. The research on the effects of deferiprone is still limited, and more research is needed to understand the long-term effects and safety of this drug.

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
2
Article Type
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21
3.

Comparative Effects of Deferiprone and Salinomycin on Lead-Induced Disturbance in the Homeostasis of Intrarenal Essential Elements in Mice.

Author: GluhchevaYordanka, Pashkunova-MarticIrena, SchaierMartin, VladovIvelin, StoykovaSilviya, PetrovaEmilia, PavlovaEkaterina, DorkovPeter, HelbichThomas H, KepplerBernhard, IvanovaJuliana

Lead poisoning treatment

This study compared the effects of two chelating agents, salinomycin and deferiprone, on lead (Pb)-induced renal alterations in mice. The results demonstrated that salinomycin was more effective in improving renal morphology and decreasing Pb content than deferiprone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Ameliorative effects of deferiprone and tetraethylammonium salt of salinomycinic acid on lead-induced toxicity in mouse testes.

Author: PavlovaEkaterina, Pashkunova-MarticIrena, SchaierMartin, PetrovaEmilia, GluhchevaYordanka, DorkovPeter, HelbichThomas H, KepplerBernhard, KoellenspergerGunda, IvanovaJuliana

Improved testicular morphology
Reduced Pb toxicity

Deferiprone and salinomycin are potential treatments for lead poisoning in males. The study found that both drugs reduced lead levels in the blood and testes of lead-exposed mice. Salinomycin also increased the levels of several important minerals in the testes, which may help protect against lead-induced damage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Differential effects of Fe2+ and Fe3+ on osteoblasts and the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, deferiprone and extracellular calcium on osteoblast viability under iron-overloaded conditions.

Author: LertsuwanKornkamon, NammultriputtarKetsaraporn, NanthawuttiphanSupanan, TannopNatnicha, TeerapornpuntakitJarinthorn, ThongbunchooJirawan, CharoenphandhuNarattaphol

Calcium treatment benefit
Osteoblast rescue
Iron toxicity

Both Fe3+ and Fe2+ can suppress osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, with Fe3+ having stronger effects. While 1,25(OH)2D3 increased intracellular iron, extracellular calcium was more effective in rescuing osteoblast viability under iron overload.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Effects of the iron chelator deferiprone and the T-type calcium channel blocker efonidipine on cardiac function and Ca<sup>2+</sup> regulation in iron-overloaded thalassemic mice.

Author: KhamseekaewJuthamas, KumfuSirinart, PaleeSiripong, WongjaikamSuwakon, SrichairatanakoolSomdet, FucharoenSuthat, ChattipakornSiriporn C, ChattipakornNipon

Iron overload treatment

Treatment with deferiprone or efonidipine showed benefits in reducing iron overload and improving left ventricular function in thalassemic mice, but did not improve calcium regulation in iron-overloaded thalassemic mice. Further investigation is needed to understand the effects of these drugs on the iron-overloaded heart and identify alternative interventions that could improve calcium regulation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Iron distribution and histopathological study of the effects of deferoxamine and deferiprone in the kidneys of iron overloaded β-thalassemic mice.

Author: YatmarkParanee, MoralesNoppawan Phumala, ChaisriUrai, WichaiyoSurasak, HemstapatWarinkarn, SrichairatanakoolSomdet, SvastiSaovaros, FucharoenSuthat

Renal function improvement

Iron overload in β-thalassemia patients can lead to kidney damage, but iron chelation therapy can help reverse this. In a study using mice, iron chelators were effective in reducing iron accumulation and kidney damage, with deferiprone showing better results than deferoxamine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered deferiprone.

Author: FradetteCaroline, PichetteVincent, SicardÉric, StilmanAnne, JayashankarShalini, TsangYu Chung, SpinoMichael, TrictaFernando

Renal impairment

This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of deferiprone (DFP) in subjects with renal impairment in comparison with healthy volunteers.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Iron distribution and histopathological characterization of the liver and heart of β-thalassemic mice with parenteral iron overload: Effects of deferoxamine and deferiprone.

Author: YatmarkParanee, MoralesNoppawan Phumala, ChaisriUrai, WichaiyoSurasak, HemstapatWarinkarn, SrichairatanakoolSomdet, SvastiSaovaros, FucharoenSuthat

Iron overload

Iron chelators, like deferiprone and deferoxamine, can reverse the pathological changes caused by iron overload in β-thalassemia, despite being used for a short treatment period.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Effects of combined deferiprone with deferoxamine on right ventricular function in thalassaemia major.

Author: AlpenduradaFrancisco, SmithGill C, CarpenterJohn-Paul, NairSunil V, TannerMark A, BanyaWinston, DessiCarlo, GalanelloRenzo, WalkerJohn Malcolm, PennellDudley J

Cardiac iron removal
LVEF improvement

Combination therapy with deferoxamine and deferiprone is more effective than deferoxamine alone in removing cardiac iron and improving left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study assessed the effects of combination therapy on the right ventricle (RV) in thalassaemia major (TM) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Effects of deferasirox and deferiprone on cellular iron load in the human hepatoma cell line HepaRG.

Author: GaboriauFrançois, LerayAnne-Marie, RopertMartine, GouffierLucie, CannieIsabelle, TroadecMarie-Bérengère, LoréalOlivier, BrissotPierre, LescoatGérard

Iron overload

This study compared the effects of two oral iron chelators, deferiprone (CP20) and deferasirox (ICL670), on iron metabolism in the HepaRG cell line. ICL670 effectively depleted iron, while CP20 unexpectedly increased iron uptake.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

The effects of deferiprone and deferasirox on the structure and function of beta-thalassemia hemoglobin.

Author: Moosavi-MovahediA A, MousavyS J, DivsalarA, BabaahmadiA, KarimianK, ShafieeA, KamarieM, PoursasanN, FarzamiB, RiaziG H, HakimelahiG H, TsaiF Y, AhmadF, AmaniM, SabouryA A

Iron overload reduction
Hb stability reduction

Deferiprone and deferasirox are iron chelators used to treat iron overload in thalassemia. Deferiprone reduces oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, while deferasirox increases it, potentially affecting the function of thalassemia hemoglobin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Comparison of the effects of deferasirox, deferiprone, and deferoxamine on the growth and virulence of Vibrio vulnificus.

Author: NeupaneGanesh Prasad, KimDong-Min

Growth of ferophilic organisms

Deferoxamine (DFO), a standard iron-chelating agent, can accelerate the in vitro growth of ferophilic organisms, potentially posing a risk in patients with iron overload.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Effects of combined deferiprone and desferrioxamine iron chelating therapy in beta-thalassemia major end-stage heart failure: a case report.

Author: PorcuMaurizio, LandisNovella, SalisStefano, CordaMarco, OrrùPierpaolo, SerraEmanuela, UsaiBarbara, MattaGildo, GalanelloRenzo

Heart failure treatment

Deferiprone, a new oral iron chelating agent, was found to significantly improve symptoms and myocardial function in a patient with beta-thalassemia major and end-stage heart failure.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Comparative effects of deferiprone and deferoxamine on survival and cardiac disease in patients with thalassemia major: a retrospective analysis.

Author: PigaAntoni, GagliotiCarmen, FogliaccoEugenia, TrictaFernando

Iron chelation
Cardiac disease

This retrospective study assessed the survival and the occurrence of cardiac disease in all patients with thalassemia major treated for at least 4 years with deferiprone or deferoxamine.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Effects of deferiprone on immune status and cytokine pattern in thalassaemia major.

Author: Del VecchioGiovanni Carlo, SchettiniFederico, PiacenteLaura, De SantisAttilio, GiordanoPaola, De MattiaDomenico

Improved immune function

Deferiprone (L1) treatment improved immune abnormalities in thalassaemia major patients. Before L1 treatment, patients had high CD8+ lymphocytes and low CD4/CD8 ratio, elevated TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IL-2sRalpha. After 3 months of L1 treatment, these parameters returned to normal.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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