Side Effects of diclofenac and misoprostol: A Synthesis of Findings from 6 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Diclofenac/misoprostol combination is a unique NSAID drug that possesses an active component, misoprostol, to help prevent NSAID induced gastrointestinal damage. 4 . Compared with diclofenac alone, diclofenac/misoprostol showed significantly less of a decline in hemoglobin and up to 50% fewer clinically significant decreases in patients. 4 . Furthermore, diclofenac/misoprostol combination provides an improved therapeutic ratio over diclofenac alone, not only by improving gastrointestinal safety but also by enhancing analgesic/antiinflammatory effects. 4 .

The research regarding the effects of NSAIDs on Alzheimer's disease is inconclusive. 3 . While traditional NSAIDs like indomethacin and diclofenac/misoprostol showed promise in pilot trials, selective COX-2 inhibitors were ineffective in treating Alzheimer's disease. 3 .

Reasons for side effects

NSAID inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in protecting the stomach lining, regulating blood flow, and causing pain and inflammation. As a result, NSAID can damage the stomach lining and cause side effects like ulcers and bleeding. 4

Diclofenac/misoprostol combination contains misoprostol, which protects the stomach lining, reducing the risk of gastrointestinal side effects compared to traditional NSAIDs. 4

Common side effects

Gastrointestinal

NSAID can cause side effects such as ulcers, bleeding, constipation, and diarrhea. 4

Blood

NSAID can cause anemia. 4

Liver

NSAID can cause liver damage. 3

Kidney

NSAID can cause kidney damage. 3

Side effects management

Gastrointestinal

To reduce gastrointestinal side effects, it is recommended to take NSAID with food or in combination with antacids. 4

Blood

If you experience anemia symptoms, seek medical attention and follow your doctor's instructions. 4

Liver

If you experience liver damage symptoms, seek medical attention and follow your doctor's instructions. 3

Kidney

If you experience kidney damage symptoms, seek medical attention and follow your doctor's instructions. 3

Comparison between studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have shown that diclofenac/misoprostol combination reduces gastrointestinal side effects compared to diclofenac alone. 4 6

Differences

Research on the effects of NSAIDs on Alzheimer's disease has yielded varying results. 3 . While selective COX-2 inhibitors proved ineffective for treating Alzheimer's disease, traditional NSAIDs like indomethacin and diclofenac/misoprostol showed promise in pilot trials. 3 .

Cautions for real-life application

Although diclofenac/misoprostol combination has reduced gastrointestinal side effects compared to traditional NSAIDs, side effects still exist. 4 . It is crucial to consult with a doctor before taking this medication and follow their instructions diligently. 4

Limitations of current research

Further research is needed to better understand the efficacy and safety of diclofenac/misoprostol combination. This includes studying the long-term effects of taking this medication and its efficacy in treating various diseases. 4 3

Future research directions

Clinical trials evaluating the long-term safety and efficacy of diclofenac/misoprostol combination are necessary. Additionally, further research is needed to assess its effectiveness for treating other diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. 4 3

Conclusion

Diclofenac/misoprostol combination has demonstrated reduced gastrointestinal side effects and improved analgesic/antiinflammatory effects compared to diclofenac alone. 4 . However, it is essential to remember that side effects are possible. Consultation with a doctor prior to taking this medication and adherence to their instructions are crucial. 4

Literature analysis of 6 papers
Positive Content
6
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
3
0
0
2
6
1.

A double-blind randomised controlled trial of paracetamol, diclofenac or the combination for pain relief after caesarean section.

Author: MunishankarB, FettesP, MooreC, McLeodG A

Pain relief

A combination of diclofenac and paracetamol was found to be more effective in reducing morphine use after elective caesarean section than paracetamol alone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial.

Author: YuriPrahara, AliZulfikar, RasyidNur, BirowoPonco

Pain relief
Endoscopic urological surgery

Oral analgesics, including pipemidic acid, phenazopyridine, and sodium diclofenac, were effective in reducing pain after endoscopic urological surgery in 80 patients. Pipemidic acid demonstrated a superior analgesic effect compared to the other two drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

NSAIDs and Alzheimer disease: epidemiological, animal model and clinical studies.

Author: McGeerPatrick L, McGeerEdith G

Alzheimer's disease prevention
Side effects

This review examines the link between inflammation and Alzheimer disease. Traditional NSAIDs have been shown to be effective in reducing pathology in AD transgenic mice. Clinical investigations are ongoing, but further research is needed to determine the efficacy of NSAIDs in treating Alzheimer disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Diclofenac/misoprostol: novel findings and their clinical potential.

Author: ShieldM J

Enhanced analgesia
Improved gastrointestinal safety
Improved mobility
Gastrointestinal damage
Hemoglobin decrease

Diclofenac/misoprostol combination therapy offers improved gastrointestinal safety and enhanced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects compared to diclofenac alone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Improving medication adherence through patient education distinguishing between appropriate and inappropriate utilization. Patient Education Study Group.

Author: EdworthyS M, DevinsG M

Beneficial clinical outcomes
Improved knowledge
Improved stiffness
Increased self-efficacy

Computer-assisted education for patients with osteoarthritis (OA) improved knowledge, realistic expectations of medication benefits, perceived ease of adherence, and self-efficacy, resulting in more frequent appropriate medication utilization. This intervention also led to greater improvement in stiffness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Economic evaluation of celecoxib, a new cyclo-oxygenase 2 specific inhibitor, in Switzerland.

Author: ChancellorJ V, HunscheE, de CruzE, SarasinF P

Arthritis treatment
Gastrointestinal side effects

Celecoxib is predicted to be the most cost-effective treatment for arthritis patients in Switzerland, compared to NSAID alone and NSAIDs protected with various gastroprotective agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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