Effects of dihydroergotamine nasal spray: A Synthesis of Findings from 13 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Digoxin, a heart medication, has been studied extensively for its effects on the heart. 1 found that digoxin and digitoxin, both heart medications, have similar effects on heart function. 3 investigated the interaction between digoxin and bepridil, another heart medication, showing that bepridil can increase the levels of digoxin in the blood. 5 explored the interaction of digoxin with calcium antagonists and other antiarrhythmic drugs, revealing that these drugs can increase digoxin levels in the blood, leading to stronger heart effects. 2 looked at the effects of withdrawing digoxin from patients with heart failure, demonstrating that in some cases, stopping digoxin can lead to worsening of heart function. 9 studied the use of diltiazem or betaxolol in combination with digoxin for controlling heart rate in atrial fibrillation, suggesting potential benefits for this combination therapy. 7 evaluated the interaction between quinidine and digoxin, highlighting that quinidine can increase digoxin levels in the blood, leading to increased heart effects. 10 reviewed the role of digoxin in treating chronic heart failure, indicating that digoxin can improve heart function and reduce hospitalizations, but has no impact on survival. examined the effects of digoxin on electrocardiograms in patients with atrial fibrillation, suggesting digoxin can produce specific changes in the ECG. 13 focused on the potential benefits and harms of digoxin for treating atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, highlighting the need for further research on its effects. 8 compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different cardiac glycosides, including digoxin, demonstrating that digoxin and beta-methyl digoxin have similar effects on heart function. 12 explored the use of digoxin as a fetocide in second-trimester abortions, suggesting that digoxin can be effective in this context. 6 investigated the impact of quinidine and disopyramide on digoxin levels in the blood, indicating that quinidine can significantly increase digoxin levels. 4 evaluated the effects of different doses of beta-methyl digoxin on heart function, showing that even small doses can have a positive effect.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits summary

Digoxin can improve heart function and reduce hospitalizations in patients with heart failure. 10 It can also be helpful in controlling heart rate in atrial fibrillation, often in combination with other medications. 9

Risks summary

Digoxin can increase the levels of other heart medications in the blood, potentially leading to stronger or unexpected heart effects. 3 , 5 , 7 Digoxin can also have potential risks, particularly when stopped abruptly, as it can lead to worsening heart function. 2 It can also produce changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG).

Comparison of studies

Commonalities of studies

Several studies highlight that digoxin can influence heart function, specifically impacting heart rate, heart rhythm, and electrical activity. 1 , 3 , 5 , 2 , 9 , 7 , 10 , , 13 , 8 , 12 , 6 , 4 These studies used various methods to measure these effects, such as systolic time intervals and electrocardiograms.

Differences of studies

The studies differ in their findings regarding the specific effects of digoxin on the heart. Some studies suggest that digoxin can increase heart muscle strength, 1 , while others show that it can decrease heart muscle strength. 3 The studies also vary in their focus, with some exploring the interactions of digoxin with other medications 5 , 7 , 6 , while others evaluate the effectiveness of digoxin in treating specific heart conditions. 2 , 10 , 9

Consistency and inconsistencies of results

There are inconsistencies in some of the findings regarding digoxin’s effects on the heart. 1 suggests that digoxin can increase heart muscle strength, while 3 indicates it can decrease heart muscle strength. These inconsistencies may be due to differences in research methodologies, participant characteristics, and the medications used in combination with digoxin. Further research is needed to better understand digoxin's effects on the heart.

Implications for real-world use

Digoxin is a powerful medication that can have significant effects on the heart. It is crucial for individuals with heart conditions or those considering using digoxin to consult with a physician to assess potential benefits and risks.

Limitations of current research

The available research on digoxin is extensive, but there are limitations. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects and safety of digoxin. It's important to note that some studies, like those on the use of digoxin in pregnancy or as a fetocide, may have ethical considerations. 12

Future research directions

Future research should delve deeper into the following areas: * Investigate the effects of digoxin on heart muscle strength, exploring the variations and potential contributing factors. * Conduct detailed studies on the interactions of digoxin with other medications to better understand its effects when used in combination therapies. * Conduct long-term studies to evaluate the effects and safety of digoxin over extended periods. * Focus research on the potential risks and benefits of digoxin use in specific populations, such as pregnant women or individuals with specific heart conditions.

Conclusion

Digoxin is a medication with proven benefits for treating heart conditions, but it can also have potential risks and interactions with other medications. It is vital to consult with a physician to determine if digoxin is right for you and to ensure its safe use.

Literature analysis of 13 papers
Positive Content
8
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
5
Article Type
12
1
0
1
13
1.

A comparison of the effects of digoxin and digitoxin on systolic time intervals and colour vision.

Author: JoubertP H, VenterC P, du PlooyW J

Inotropic effect

Digoxin and digitoxin, two cardiac glycosides, were found to produce similar inotropic effects and a trend towards digoxin having a greater effect on AV conduction. However, after administration of atropine or propranolol, the effect on AV conduction was similar for both drugs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Clinical, haemodynamic, and pharmacological effects of withdrawal and reintroduction of digoxin in patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm after long term treatment.

Author: PughS E, WhiteN J, AronsonJ K, Grahame-SmithD G, BloomfieldJ G

Clinical deterioration

Digoxin withdrawal was studied in 44 patients with stable heart failure. Only 25% of patients experienced clinical deterioration after withdrawal. Digoxin reintroduction was considered necessary in only 9% of cases. The occurrence of deterioration could not be predicted by clinical, haemodynamic, or pharmacological measurements.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Digoxin and bepridil: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions.

Author: BelzG G, WistubaS, MatthewsJ H

Digoxin inotropism
Heart rate reduction

Bepridil increased steady-state serum digoxin concentrations and counteracted its positive inotropic effect. This suggests that bepridil may interact with digoxin in a way that alters its effectiveness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

[Cardiac effects of a single daily dose of 0.15 mg and 0.20 mg of beta-methyldigoxin].

Author: BelzG G, WintrichR

Positive digitalis effect
Flattening of T wave
Shortening of STI

Beta-methyl digoxin was effective in lowering heart rate and reducing QTc intervals at a dose of 0.15mg once daily.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

5.

Interaction between digoxin and calcium antagonists and antiarrhythmic drugs.

Author: BelzG G, DoeringW, MunkesR, MatthewsJ

None reported
Increased digoxin effects

Calcium antagonists and antiarrhythmic drugs were investigated in 36 healthy men. The study found that the drugs interacted kinetically with digoxin. This increased plasma digoxin concentrations and increased glycoside effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Effects of quinidine and disopyramide on serum digoxin concentrations.

Author: ManolasE G, HuntD, SlomanG

Increased digoxin concentration

Quinidine significantly increased serum digoxin concentration in patients on maintenance digoxin therapy. Disopyramide may be a suitable alternative antiarrhythmic drug.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Quinidine-digoxin interaction: cardiac efficacy of elevated serum digoxin concentration.

Author: BelzG G, DoeringW, AustP E, HeinzM, MatthewsJ, SchneiderB

Prolonged STIs

Quinidine, an antiarrhythmic drug, significantly increased serum digoxin concentration and prolonged systolic time intervals, obscuring the effects of digoxin on cardiac activity. However, the true glycoside effect of the elevated digoxin concentration was comparable to the effect of a higher dose of digoxin.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cardiac glycosides.

Author: KelmanA W, SumnerD J, LonsdaleM, LawrenceJ R, WhitingB

Effective heart failure treatment

Digoxin and beta-methyl digoxin, but not ouabain, shortened left ventricular ejection time (LVET) in normal volunteers. The shortening of LVET correlated linearly with the amounts of digoxin or beta-methyl digoxin present in the body tissues.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Comparative study of efficacy and safety of low-dose diltiazem or betaxolol in combination with digoxin to control ventricular rate in chronic atrial fibrillation: randomized crossover study.

Author: KohK K, SongJ H, KwonK S, ParkH B, BaikS H, ParkY S, InH H, MoonT H, ParkG S, ChoS K

Heart rate control
Reduced side effects

Combination therapy of low-dose diltiazem or bexatolol with digoxin can effectively control heart rate with minimal side effects. However, there is a need for further research to evaluate the long-term effects of this combination therapy in patients with impaired left ventricular function.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Digoxin therapy in chronic heart failure.

Author: GheorghiadeM

Improved central hemodynamics
Increased cardiac output
Reduced hospitalization

Digoxin is beneficial for patients with chronic heart failure, improving cardiac output and reducing hospitalization rates. It is not associated with increased mortality but may be particularly helpful in patients with impaired cardiac function.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Effects of digoxin on electrocardiogram in patients with acute atrial fibrillation--a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Digitalis in Acute Atrial Fibrillation (DAAF) Trial Group.

Author: HornestamB, HeldP, EdvardssonN

Treat atrial fibrillation

Further studies are needed to assess the effects of digoxin on the electrocardiogram in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

A randomized pilot study on the effectiveness and side-effect profiles of two doses of digoxin as fetocide when administered intraamniotically or intrafetally prior to second-trimester surgical abortion.

Author: NucatolaDeborah, RothNitzan, GatterMary

Side effects

This pilot study investigated the use of digoxin to facilitate second-trimester surgical abortion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Digoxin versus placebo, no intervention, or other medical interventions for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Author: SethiNaqash J, SafiSanam, FeinbergJoshua, NielsenEmil E, GluudChristian, JakobsenJanus C

Treats Atrial Fibrillation
Treats Atrial Flutter

This protocol describes a systematic review that aims to identify the beneficial and harmful effects of digoxin compared with placebo, no intervention, or with other medical interventions for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Digoxin is a medication used to slow the heart rate.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

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