Side Effects of doxycycline: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Doxycycline is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections. Many studies have shown that doxycycline is an effective treatment, but at the same time, it has been pointed out that it can cause various side effects.

For example, the study in 21 suggests that doxycycline is effective for treating chronic blepharitis. However, the study in 8 states that doxycycline may cause side effects such as dizziness and vertigo. In addition, the study in 10 reports that doxycycline can cause pancreatitis.

Doxycycline has been found to be effective in treating various conditions, as shown in studies such as 19 , 3 , 26 , 24 , 22 , 16 , 2 , 12 , 20 , 13 , 9 , 27 , 5 , 17 , 23 , 7 , , 18 , 25 , 14 , 11 , 6 , 15 , 1 , 4 . However, studies like 8 , 16 , 2 , 7 , 18 , 25 , 15 have also shown that there is a risk of side effects.

Reasons for side effects

The side effects of doxycycline are due to the mechanism of action of the drug and its effects on the body. Doxycycline exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. However, this action can also affect human cells, potentially causing side effects.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Studies such as 10 , 6 , and 15 reported that doxycycline can affect the gastrointestinal system. Specific side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and esophagitis.

Skin

Doxycycline may affect the skin, as shown in studies such as 8 , 15 , and 25 . Specific side effects include photosensitivity, skin rash, and pigmentation.

Nervous System

Doxycycline can affect the nervous system, as reported in studies such as 8 and 7 . Specific side effects include dizziness, vertigo, headache, and altered consciousness.

Other

Studies such as 10 , 17 , 7 , and 1 reported that doxycycline can cause side effects such as pancreatitis, liver damage, and hypoglycemia.

Side Effect Countermeasures

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

To reduce gastrointestinal side effects, it is important to take doxycycline with food and drink plenty of fluids.

Skin Side Effects

To reduce skin side effects, it is important to use sunscreen and avoid exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Nervous System Side Effects

To reduce nervous system side effects, it is important to avoid driving or operating machinery and consult a doctor.

Other Side Effects

To reduce other side effects, it is important to consult a doctor.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Many studies have shown that doxycycline is an effective treatment. However, it has been pointed out that it can cause various side effects at the same time.

Differences in Studies

The incidence and severity of doxycycline side effects may vary depending on the study. This is likely because the age, gender, health status, dosage, and duration of doxycycline use may differ among study participants.

Precautions for Real-Life Applications

When taking doxycycline, it is important to follow the doctor's instructions and adhere to the dosage. Be aware of side effects and consult a doctor immediately if you experience any concerning symptoms.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on doxycycline side effects is not yet sufficient. Therefore, further research is needed to obtain more information about the side effects of doxycycline.

Future Research Directions

To better understand the side effects of doxycycline, the following research is needed.

  • Research to more accurately determine the incidence and severity of doxycycline side effects
  • Research to elucidate the mechanism of doxycycline side effects
  • Research to develop ways to prevent or reduce doxycycline side effects

Conclusion

Doxycycline is an effective treatment, but it can also cause various side effects. When taking doxycycline, it is important to follow the doctor's instructions and adhere to the dosage. Be aware of side effects and consult a doctor immediately if you experience any concerning symptoms.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
CARP treatment
Favorable side effect profile
4
Acne treatment
5
Treats infections
7
Reduced vestibular side effects
8
Acne treatment
Effective treatment
Maximize patient satisfaction
Minimize side effects
9
Enterococcus treatment
Halicin/DOX combination
12
Reduced risk of resistance
13
LNB treatment
14
Anti-inflammatory effects
Antibacterial effects
Antioxidant effects
15
Gene expression regulation
In vitro and in vivo studies
18
H. pylori treatment
19
Bone mass recovery
20
Blepharitis treatment
21
Effective for rosacea
Reduced risk of resistance
Well tolerated
23
ATTR amyloidosis treatment
24
Neuropathy improvement
Quality of life improvement
TTR knockdown
TTR stabilization
26
Tularemia treatment
27
Risk Keywords
Hypoglycemia
1
Minocycline side effects
4
Esophagitis
Gastrointestinal side effects
6
Esophageal perforation
Pseudotumor cerebri
7
Limited research
Unknown long-term effects
9
Pancreatitis
10
Antibiotic use in DED
11
Enterococcus resistance
12
Gastrointestinal upset
Gut dysbiosis
13
Antibiotic duration
14
Hyperpigmentation
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Induced lupus erythematosus
Onycholysis
Photoonycholysis
Phototoxicity
15
Lipoatrophy
Weight loss
16
Hepatocellular injury
Liver injury
17
Cell proliferation alteration
Genomic instability
Mitochondrial dysfunction
18
Fat accumulation
20
Acne
Application site edema
Application site reaction
Bone necrosis
Confusion
Crusting
Dry skin
Ectopic pregnancy
Folliculitis
Ileus
Malaise
Malignant neoplasm
Mottled skin
Ovarian hyperstimulation
Paronychia
Rosacea
Seborrheic dermatitis
Skin ulceration
Vaginal hemorrhage
22
Side effects
24
Morbilliform drug eruption
Photosensitivity
25
Application burden
Blood-brain barrier permeability
Side effects
26
Side effects
27
Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
15
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
8
Article Type
2
1
3
5
22
1.

Hypoglycaemia in a Patient Taking Tetracyclines.

Author: FahadMuhammad, GoindooRyan

Hypoglycemia

This case report highlights a rare side effect of tetracycline use in an adolescent with acne vulgaris, where hypoglycemic episodes occurred after initiating tetracycline treatment.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

2.

Safety of Longer-Term Doxycycline Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Implications for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Chemoprophylaxis.

Author: ChanPhilip A, Le BrazidecDanielle L, BecasenJeffrey S, MartinHarrison, KapadiaJhanavi, RenoHilary, BachmannLaura, BarbeeLindley A

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are on the rise. This study reviewed the safety of longer-term doxycycline use as potential chemoprophylaxis for STIs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Successful treatment with doxycycline monotherapy for human infection with Babesia venatorum (Babesiidae, Sporozoa) in China: a case report and proposal for a clinical regimen.

Author: HuangLei, SunYi, HuoDan-Dan, XuMing, XiaLuo-Yuan, YangNing, HongWei, HuangLin, NieWei-Min, LiaoRu-He, ZhangMing-Zhu, ZhuDai-Yun, LiYan, MaHe-Cheng, ZhangXin, LiYong-Gang, HuangXin-An, WangJing-Yuan, CaoWu-Chun, WangFu-Sheng, JiangJia-Fu

Doxycycline monotherapy effectively treated a patient with severe Babesia venatorum infection, offering an alternative treatment option for human babesiosis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Long-term gastrointestinal adverse effects of doxycycline.

Author: EljaalyKhalid, AlghamdiHaifa, AlmehmadiHadeel, AljawiFahad, HassanAmmar, ThabitAbrar

Esophagitis
Gastrointestinal side effects

This study investigates the incidence of esophagitis and other gastrointestinal side effects in adults who received doxycycline for at least a month.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Tetracycline-, Doxycycline-, Minocycline-Induced Pseudotumor Cerebri and Esophageal Perforation.

Author: AngeletteAlexis L, RandoLauren L, WadhwaReena D, BarrasAshley A, DelacroixBlake M, TalbotNorris C, AhmadzadehShahab, ShekoohiSahar, CornettElyse M, KayeAdam M, KayeAlan D

Treats infections
Esophageal perforation
Pseudotumor cerebri

Tetracyclines, a common class of antibiotics, are associated with a rare but serious risk of esophageal perforation and pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), especially with minocycline and doxycycline. While tetracyclines are often prescribed for acne, clinicians need to be aware of these potential side effects, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Blame it on the Drug: A Rare Case of Recurrent Doxycycline-Induced Pancreatitis.

Author: BassiRaghav, PrakashPranav, BalakrishnanEason, CockeyGeorge

Pancreatitis

Doxycycline, a common antibiotic, can cause a rare but serious side effect called drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP). It is important for clinicians to be aware of this potential association so they can diagnose and treat DIP promptly.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

11.

Antibiotic treatment for dry eye disease related to meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharitis - A review.

Author: VernhardsdottirRagnheidur R, MagnoMorten S, HynnekleivLeif, LagaliNeil, DarttDarlene A, VehofJelle, JacksonCatherine J, UtheimTor P

Antibiotic use in DED

This review evaluated the use of oral and topical antibiotics in the management of dry eye disease (DED) caused by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) or blepharitis. The review found that antibiotics may provide short-term benefits for signs and symptoms, but evidence for lasting improvement after completed treatment was lacking. Given the unclear long-term benefits, common side effects, and increasing antibiotic resistance, further research is needed to determine the long-term efficacy of antibiotics for DED.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

12.

Study on antibacterial effect of halicin (SU3327) against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.

Author: HussainZubair, PengfeiShe, YiminLi, ShashaLiu, ZehaoLi, YifanYang, LinhuiLi, LinyingZhou, YongWu

Enterococcus treatment
Halicin/DOX combination
Enterococcus resistance

This study explored the antimicrobial efficacy of halicin against enterococci and found that it has potential as a novel therapy against Enterococcus infections, especially in combination with doxycycline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Six versus 2 weeks treatment with doxycycline in European Lyme neuroborreliosis: a multicentre, non-inferiority, double-blinded, randomised and placebo-controlled trial.

Author: SolheimAnne Marit, LorentzenÅslaug Rudjord, DahlbergAudun Olav, FlemmenHeidi Øyen, BruneSynne, ForselvKristine Johanne Nordstrøm, PrippAre Hugo, BøMargrete Halvorsen, EikelandRandi, ReisoHarald, MyglandÅse, LjøstadUnn

LNB treatment
Antibiotic duration

Doxycycline treatment beyond 2 weeks offers no additional benefits for European Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) based on our study. A 2-week course effectively manages the condition without significant side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Tetracycline response element driven Cre causes ectopic recombinase activity independent of transactivator element.

Author: LewisKenneth T, OlesLily R, MacDougaldOrmond A

Lipoatrophy
Weight loss

This study investigated the use of a doxycycline-inducible system for adipocyte-specific Cre mouse models and unexpectedly discovered widespread ectopic tetracycline response element Cre (TRE-Cre) recombinase activity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

19.

Doxycycline and minocycline in Helicobacter pylori treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: ZhaoJixiang, ZouYunzhi, LiKe, HuangXin, NiuChangping, WangZikang, ZhaoShuyang, ZhangYizhen, SongConghua, XieYong

H. pylori treatment

This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the efficacy and safety of semisynthetic tetracycline regimens in treating Helicobacter pylori infection. The study considers the decreasing eradication rate and increasing antibiotic resistance trends.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

21.

Oral antibiotics for chronic blepharitis.

Author: OnghansengNeil, NgSueko M, HalimMuhammad Sohail, NguyenQuan Dong

Blepharitis treatment

Posterior blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelid margins, is a common condition that can cause discomfort and damage to the eye's surface. This review discusses the challenges of managing chronic blepharitis and highlights the use of oral antibiotics as a potential treatment option. However, it notes that there are currently no established guidelines regarding the type, dosage, and duration of oral antibiotics for this condition.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

23.

Oral Sarecycline for Treatment of Papulopustular Rosacea: Results of a Pilot Study of Effectiveness and Safety.

Author: RossoJames Q, DraelosZoe Diana, EffronCheryl, KircikLeon H

Effective for rosacea
Reduced risk of resistance
Well tolerated

Cutaneous rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disorder. This review discusses the potential benefits of oral sarecycline for the treatment of rosacea. While sarecycline has shown effectiveness and safety for acne, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety for rosacea.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

A Review of Novel Agents and Clinical Considerations in Patients With ATTR Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Author: BenbrahimMeissane, NormanKelsey, SanchorawalaVaishali, SiddiqiOmar K, HughesDavid

ATTR amyloidosis treatment
Side effects

Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when a protein called transthyretin (TTR) misfolds and deposits in the body's organs. This review discusses the current treatment options for ATTR amyloidosis, including tafamidis, diflunisal, patisiran, and inotersen.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

26.

Targeting transthyretin - Mechanism-based treatment approaches and future perspectives in hereditary amyloidosis.

Author: DohrnMaike F, IhneSandra, HegenbartUte, MedinaJessica, ZüchnerStephan L, CoelhoTeresa, HahnKatrin

Neuropathy improvement
Quality of life improvement
TTR knockdown
TTR stabilization
Application burden
Blood-brain barrier permeability
Side effects

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is a lethal disease caused by the liver-derived transport protein TTR. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on TTR pathophysiology and therapeutic implications, including approved therapies like tafamidis, patisiran, and inotersen, and discusses future directions in research.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

27.

A Case Report of Oculoglandular Tularemia-Chasing Zebras Among Potential Diagnoses.

Author: KreutzmannTobias, SchönfeldAnnika, ZangeSabine, LethausBernd

Tularemia treatment
Side effects

This case report describes a 60-year-old man with tularemia, a bacterial infection that was initially misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Due to nonspecific symptoms, tularemia often presents a diagnostic challenge. The authors emphasize the importance of considering tularemia in differential diagnoses and employing appropriate diagnostic techniques to expedite treatment.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

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