Side Effects of eltrombopag: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Eltrombopag is an effective oral medication for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), as demonstrated by multiple studies. 7 , 16 , 23 , 14 , 19 , 10 , 1 , 11 , 18 , 13 , 8 , 15 , 3 , 25 , 24 , 2 , 5 , 21 , 9 , 27 , 17 , 26 , 12 , 22 , 20 , 4 , 6 These studies indicate that eltrombopag increases platelet count and reduces the risk of bleeding. Eltrombopag has also been shown to be effective in patients who do not respond to other treatments or for whom splenectomy is not appropriate.

Reasons for side effects

Eltrombopag is a drug that stimulates platelet production, and its mechanism of action suggests a risk of side effects related to increased platelet count. 1 , 24 , 2 , 27 , 26 Eltrombopag is metabolized in the liver, so it can potentially affect the liver. Abnormal liver function tests are one of the common side effects of eltrombopag. 25 Additionally, eltrombopag can interact with other drugs. Therefore, it is important to inform your doctor about any other medications you are taking when taking eltrombopag.

Common side effects

Headache

One of the most common side effects of eltrombopag is headache. 7 , 25 , 3 , 20 Headaches are usually mild to moderate and can be relieved with painkillers.

Gastrointestinal side effects

Eltrombopag can cause gastrointestinal side effects. These side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. 7 , 25 , 3 , 20 Gastrointestinal side effects are usually mild to moderate and can be improved with diet and medication.

Abnormal liver function tests

Eltrombopag can affect the liver and cause abnormal liver function tests. 25 Abnormal liver function tests are usually mild to moderate and can improve when eltrombopag administration is stopped.

Skin side effects

Eltrombopag can cause skin side effects. These side effects include rash, itching, and hives. 13 Skin side effects are usually mild to moderate and can be improved with medication.

Other side effects

Eltrombopag can cause a variety of other side effects besides those listed above. These side effects include fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, dizziness, vision problems, and hair loss. 7 , 25 , 3 , 6 , 20 These side effects are usually mild to moderate and can be improved with medication.

Side effects countermeasures

Headache countermeasures

Headaches can be relieved with painkillers.

Gastrointestinal side effects countermeasures

Gastrointestinal side effects can be improved with diet and medication. For example, if you have diarrhea, make sure to drink plenty of fluids and eat foods that are easy to digest. If you are constipated, try eating foods high in fiber or using laxatives.

Abnormal liver function tests countermeasures

Abnormal liver function tests can improve when eltrombopag administration is stopped. It is also important to follow your doctor's instructions and follow a diet to reduce the burden on your liver.

Skin side effects countermeasures

Skin side effects can be improved with medication. For example, if you are concerned about rash or itching, using a steroid ointment may help.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities among studies

Multiple studies have shown that eltrombopag is effective in treating chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). 7 , 16 , 23 , 14 , 19 , 10 , 1 , 11 , 18 , 13 , 8 , 15 , 3 , 25 , 24 , 2 , 5 , 21 , 9 , 27 , 17 , 26 , 12 , 22 , 20 , 4 , 6 Additionally, eltrombopag has been shown to be effective in patients who do not respond to other treatments or for whom splenectomy is not appropriate.

Differences among studies

Some studies have reported that liver or skin side effects occurred after administration of eltrombopag. 25 , 13 One study suggests that eltrombopag can affect the brain and may affect neurodevelopment. 27 These research findings indicate that eltrombopag, while effective, also has side effect risks.

Precautions for real-life applications

While eltrombopag is effective in treating chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), it is important to remember that it has side effect risks. 7 , 16 , 23 , 14 , 19 , 10 , 1 , 11 , 18 , 13 , 8 , 15 , 3 , 25 , 24 , 2 , 5 , 21 , 9 , 27 , 17 , 26 , 12 , 22 , 20 , 4 , 6 It is important to consult with a doctor before taking eltrombopag to determine if it is the right treatment for your condition.

Current research limitations

The long-term side effects of eltrombopag are not yet fully understood. 26 Also, eltrombopag has not yet been proven to be effective for all types of thrombocytopenia.

Future research directions

Further research is needed to investigate the long-term side effects of eltrombopag, as well as its effectiveness against various types of thrombocytopenia. 26 Research is also needed on the effects of combining eltrombopag with other therapies.

Conclusion

Eltrombopag may be an effective drug for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). 7 , 16 , 23 , 14 , 19 , 10 , 1 , 11 , 18 , 13 , 8 , 15 , 3 , 25 , 24 , 2 , 5 , 21 , 9 , 27 , 17 , 26 , 12 , 22 , 20 , 4 , 6 However, eltrombopag carries side effect risks such as headache, gastrointestinal side effects, and abnormal liver function tests. 7 , 25 , 3 , 20 , 13 It is important to consult with your doctor to determine if eltrombopag is the right treatment for your condition.

Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
3
Article Type
0
1
1
8
22
1.

Clinical Care Team's Guide for Awareness on Risk Assessment of Eltrombopag Complicating Acute Kidney Injury in Relapsed Immune Thrombocytopenic Patients: A Case Report.

Author: HamedEman Mostafa, MeabedMohamed Hussein, IbrahimAhmed R N, KhalafAhmed M, El DemerdashDoaa Mohamed, ElgendyMarwa O, SaeedHaitham, MahmoudTamer M, SalemHeba F, RabeaHoda

Eltrombopag efficacy
ITP treatment
Acute kidney injury
Eltrombopag side effects

This case report describes a patient who experienced acute kidney injury during Eltrombopag therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This highlights the importance of vigilant kidney function screening in patients receiving Eltrombopag.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

2.

Eltrombopag as second line treatment in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: A single center real life experience.

Author: GardelliniAngelo, GuidottiFrancesca, FeltriMaddalena, ZancanellaMichelle, MainoElena, AmbrosianiLuciana, TurriniMauro

ITP treatment
Gastrointestinal side effects
Thrombosis risk

Eltrombopag was effective and safe as a second-line treatment for chronic ITP in adults. 94% of patients responded, with a complete remission rate of 76% and a partial remission rate of 23%.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

3.

Eltrombopag: How secure in triple therapy of HCV?

Author: KayarYusuf, DanaliogluAhmet, KocamanOrhan, BaysalBirol, SenturkHakan

Thrombosis

This case report describes a patient who developed thrombosis secondary to eltrombopag, a drug used to treat thrombocytopenia in patients receiving triple therapy for hepatitis C.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
LetterA written message for communication and exchange of information between individuals.

Language : English

4.

Development of thrombopoietin receptor agonists for clinical use.

Author: IkedaY, MiyakawaY

ITP treatment
Platelet count increase
Pancytopenia
Thrombocytopenia

Thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists, such as eltrombopag and romiplostim, are effective in treating patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to prior therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Successful discontinuation of eltrombopag in one child with refractory primary immune thrombocytopenia and literature review.

Author: WangXiaoli, LiuXiaoyan, WangLi, WangJian-Yong, LiAimin

Platelet response
RITP treatment

This case report describes the successful treatment of refractory primary immune thrombocytopenia (RITP) in a pediatric patient using eltrombopag. The patient maintained normal platelet counts for four years after discontinuing the drug, suggesting potential long-term benefits.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Patient with Immune Thrombocytopenia, an Apparent Paradox.

Author: RasheedMaimoonah A, AlsaudArwa E, RazzaqSania, FadulAfraa, YassinMohamed A

Anticoagulation need
ITP thrombosis

This case report describes a patient with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who developed cerebral venous thrombosis. This paradoxical situation highlights the risk of thrombosis in ITP patients, even with low platelet counts. The case emphasizes the need for careful consideration of anticoagulation and immunosuppressive therapies in treating thrombosis in patients with ITP.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

12.

Consensus Paper-ICIS Expert Meeting Basel 2009 treatment milestones in immune thrombocytopenia.

Author: TamaryHannah, RoganovicJelena, ChitlurMeera, NugentDiane J

Bleeding score system
Personalized ITP treatment

This paper discussed management recommendations for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children. It stressed the need to develop a uniform validated bleeding score system and to explore new measures to evaluate bleeding risk. The role of rituximab as a splenectomy-sparing agent was also discussed.

Consensus Development ConferenceA conference organized by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop consensus and recommendations on medical issues.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

A Multi-Center Study on the Efficacy of Eltrombopag in Management of Refractory Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Real-Life Experience

Author: ÇekdemirDemet, GüvençSerkan, ÖzdemirkıranFüsun, EserAli, ToptaşTayfur, ÖzkocamanVildan, Haydaroğlu ŞahinHandan, Ermiş TurakEsra, EsenRamazan, CömertMelda, SadriSevil, AslanerMüzeyyen, Uncu UluBahar, KarakuşAbdullah, Selim BapurDerya, Alacacıoğluİnci, AydınDemet, TekinalpAtakan, NamdaroğluSinem, CeranFunda, TarkunPınar, KiperDemet, ÇetinerMustafa, YenerelMustafa, DemirAhmet Muzaffer, YılmazGüven, TerziHatice, AtillaErden, MalkanÜmit Yavuz, AcarKadir, ÖztürkErman, TombakAnıl, SunuCenk, SalimOzan, AlayvazNevin, SayanÖzkan, OzanÜlkü, AyerMesut, GökgözZafer, AndıçNeslihan, KızılkılıçEbru, NoyanFigen, ÖzenMehmet, Pepedil TanrıkuluFunda, AlanoğluGüçhan, ÖzkanHasan Atilla, AslanVahap, ÇetinGüven, Akyol ErikçiAlev, DeveciBurak, Ersoy DursunFadime, DermenciHasan, AytanPelin, GündüzMehmet, KarakuşVolkan, ÖzlüCan, DemircioğluSinan, Akay YanarOlga Meltem, ÖzatlıDüzgün, ÜndarLevent, TiftikEyüp Naci, Türköz SucakAyhan Gülsan, Haznedaroğluİbrahim, ÖzcanMuhit, ŞencanMehmet, TombuloğluMurat, ÖzetGülsüm, BilgirOktay, TurgutBurhan, ÖzcanMehmet Ali, PayzınKadriye Bahriye, SönmezMehmet, AyyıldızOrhan, DalMehmet Sinan, ErtopŞehmus, TurgutMehmet, SoysalTeoman, KayaEmin, ÜnalAli, PehlivanMustafa, AtagündüzIşık, Tuğlular FıratlıTülin, SaydamGüray, Diz KüçükkayaReyhan

Effective in elderly
Increased platelet count
Side effects
Thrombotic risk

Eltrombopag, an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist, is an effective therapeutic option for chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients, including the elderly. However, patients must be closely monitored for response and side effects, as both may vary throughout the follow-up period.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

15.

Considerations in the management of hepatitis C virus-related thrombocytopenia with eltrombopag.

Author: DanishFazal A, KoulSalman S, SubhaniFazal R, RabbaniAhmed E, YasminSaeeda

HCV-related thrombocytopenia treatment

Eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin-mimetic, shows promise in treating HCV-related thrombocytopenia, with limited side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Outcomes of Eltrombopag Treatment and Development of Iron Deficiency in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia in Turkey

Author: Koca YozgatAyça, LeblebisatanGöksel, AkbayramSinan, Çınar ÖzelSimge, KarakaşZeynep, ErduranErol, YılmazŞebnem, KoçakÜlker, ÜnalŞule, ÖzdemirGül Nihal, AlbayrakMeryem, ZenginEmine, OymakYeşim, BörÖzcan, ÇakmaklıHasan Fatih, SökerMurat, Gürlek GökçebayDilek, TokgözHüseyin, MalboraBarış, KaramanSerap, CelkanTiraje, Şaşmazİlgen, YaralıNeşe, ÖrenHale, ÜnüvarAyşegül, ÖzbekNamık Yaşar

ITP treatment

Eltrombopag is a second-line treatment for chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults and children. It is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist that increases platelet production.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Use of Eltrombopag in Improving Poor Graft Function after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Author: MasterSamip, DwaryAshish, MansourRichard, MillsGlenn M, KoshyNebu

Graft function improvement

Eltrombopag is a medication used to increase platelet count in people with low platelet count. This case report describes a patient who received eltrombopag after a bone marrow transplant and experienced improvement in their blood cell counts.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

21.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy of anti-thymocyte globulin combined with eltrombopag in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia.

Author: ZhangJiayou, WuYabing, LiuJunhui, HanShaolin, ChenLijuan, WangHui, PengYu

Aplastic anemia treatment

Aplastic anemia is a serious blood disorder. The standard treatment often combines anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and eltrombopag. While this combination has shown positive results, we need more research to confirm its long-term safety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

Total remission of severe immune thrombocytopenia after short term treatment with romiplostim.

Author: VlachakiEfthymia, PapageorgiouVaia, KlonizakisFilippos, SpandonidouMaria, ChisanSofia, VetsiouEvaggelia, IoannidouElissavet

ITP remission

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a condition characterized by a low platelet count. This case report describes a patient with severe ITP who achieved complete remission after only three weeks of treatment with romiplostim, a medication that stimulates platelet production. This finding suggests that romiplostim may be an effective treatment option for ITP, and that short-term treatment may be sufficient in some cases.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

23.

[Advance in thrombopoietic drugs used in treatment of children's immune thrombocytopenia].

Author: MaJing-Yao, WuRun-Hui

Platelet production increase

Immune thrombocytopenia is a disorder characterized by low platelet counts. This review discusses the use of thrombopoietic drugs, such as thrombopoietin (TPO) and TPO receptor agonists (TRA), as a promising second-line treatment option for children with chronic refractory ITP.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Chinese

24.

Successful treatment of acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with eltrombopag and immunosuppressant.

Author: TianHong, KongDanqing, LiYun, GuChengyuan, YuZiqiang, WangZhaoyue, WuDepei, YinJie

AAMT treatment

Eltrombopag and immunosuppressants are effective treatment options for acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (AAMT), a rare hematologic disorder. Two patients with AAMT who were refractory to standard treatments achieved long-term remission with this combination without significant side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

Eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin mimetic, crosses the blood-brain barrier and impairs iron-dependent hippocampal neuron dendrite development.

Author: BastianT W, DuckK A, MichalopoulosG C, ChenM J, LiuZ-J, ConnorJ R, LanierL M, Sola-VisnerM C, GeorgieffM K

Thrombopoietin mimetics
Dendrite maturation
Iron deficiency
Neurodevelopment

This study assessed the effects of eltrombopag (ELT) on neuronal iron status and dendrite development. The study found that ELT crosses the blood-brain barrier and causes iron deficiency in developing neurons, blunting dendrite maturation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

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