Effects of emtricitabine: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Emtricitabine is an antiviral drug widely used to treat HIV infection. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of emtricitabine. 5 reported that a treatment combining emtricitabine and dolutegravir showed non-inferior efficacy compared to dolutegravir-based three-drug regimens. 8 confirmed the efficacy and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine combination in HIV-infected individuals in southwest China. 14 confirmed that emtricitabine is effective in treating woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Emtricitabine is an effective drug for treating HIV infection, and 5 reported that it showed non-inferior efficacy compared to dolutegravir-based three-drug regimens. 8 confirmed the efficacy and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine combination in HIV-infected individuals in southwest China. 14 confirmed that emtricitabine is effective in treating woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

Risk Summary

Emtricitabine is generally known to be a safe drug, but some patients may experience side effects. 15 evaluated the safety and efficacy of medications containing emtricitabine as a potentially available prevention measure during late pregnancy.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities

Multiple studies have shown that emtricitabine is effective in treating HIV infection. 5 , 8 , 14 These studies suggest that emtricitabine plays an important role in the treatment of HIV infection.

Differences

These studies were conducted with different study designs and subject populations. 5 compared with dolutegravir-based three-drug regimens, 8 evaluated the bictegravir/emtricitabine combination in HIV-infected individuals in southwest China. 14 evaluated the effectiveness of emtricitabine in treating woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Multiple research findings lead to the conclusion that emtricitabine is effective in treating HIV infection. However, since each study was conducted with different designs and subject populations, it is difficult to directly compare the results. 5 , 8 , 14 These studies suggest that further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of emtricitabine.

Precautions for Real-life Applications

Emtricitabine is an effective drug for treating HIV infection, but it has side effects and potential for drug interactions. 15 Therefore, it is important to use it properly according to the doctor's instructions. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before use.

Limitations of Current Research

Although there have been many studies on the effects of emtricitabine, there is still not enough data. 5 , 8 , 14 In particular, research on long-term effects and safety is insufficient.

Future Research Directions

To further investigate the effects of emtricitabine, research on long-term effects and safety is crucial. 5 , 8 , 14 Comparative studies with different subject populations and treatment methods are also needed.

Conclusion

Emtricitabine is considered to be an effective drug for treating HIV infection. 5 , 8 , 14 However, since it has side effects and potential for drug interactions, it is important to use it properly according to the doctor's instructions. 15 Further research is needed to more thoroughly investigate the effects of emtricitabine.

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
5
0
0
1
15
1.

Randomized comparison of renal effects, efficacy, and safety with once-daily abacavir/lamivudine versus tenofovir/emtricitabine, administered with efavirenz, in antiretroviral-naive, HIV-1-infected adults: 48-week results from the ASSERT study.

Author: PostFrank A, MoyleGraeme J, StellbrinkHans Jürgen, DomingoPere, PodzamczerDaniel, FisherMartin, NordenAnthony G, CavassiniMatthias, RiegerArmin, Khuong-JossesMarie-Aude, BrancoTeresa, PearceHelen C, GivensNaomi, VavroCindy, LimMichael L

Emtricitabine effective
Tenofovir effective
Tubular dysfunction risk

The study found that tenofovir/emtricitabine fixed-dose combination was associated with increased markers of tubular dysfunction compared to abacavir/lamivudine. Tenofovir/emtricitabine showed a significant difference in efficacy favoring it over abacavir/lamivudine.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Inhibitory Effects of Probenecid on Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine for On-Demand HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis.

Author: LiuStephanie N, GuffordBrandon T, LuJessica Bo Li, BushmanLane R, AndersonPeter L, BergstromRichard F, DestaZeruesenay, GuptaSamir K

Increased TFV-DP concentrations

This study compared the pharmacokinetic profiles of a single dose of probenecid (PRO)-boosted tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) (test) with the current on-demand HIV preexposure prophylaxis regimen from the IPERGAY study (control). PRO significantly increased the plasma concentrations of tenofovir and emtricitabine. However, the intracellular concentrations of tenofovir-diphosphate were higher at 24 hours but lower at 72 hours in the test group compared to the control.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Effects of a Nutritional Protein-Rich Drink on the Pharmacokinetics of Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide, and Tenofovir Compared With a Standard Meal in Healthy Japanese Male Subjects.

Author: YamadaHiroyuki, IkushimaIppei, NemotoTakanori, IshikawaTomohiro, NinomiyaNoriko, IrieShin

HIV treatment

This study investigated the impact of meal types on the pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir (EVG), cobicistat (COBI), emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), and tenofovir (TFV) following a single administration of a single-tablet regimen (STR). Results showed that a nutritional protein-rich drink provided comparable systemic exposure to EVG compared to a standard breakfast, while fasting significantly reduced EVG exposure. Other medications (COBI, FTC, TAF, and TFV) showed comparable exposure regardless of meal intake or type.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Efficacy and safety profiles of dolutegravir plus lamivudine vs . bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in therapy-naïve adults with HIV-1.

Author: WeiYinghua, LiJin, XuRuhong, WenLi, DengYiming, HeLixia, ZhongHuijun, WangYanhao

Effective HIV treatment

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two antiretroviral regimens for treatment-naive HIV-1 patients in China: dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF). The study found that both regimens had similar antiviral potency and safety profiles.

Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Increased human immunodeficiency virus viral load with cerebral infarction due to varicella zoster virus vasculopathy on treatment with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide suspension: a case report and literature review.

Author: IshikawaKazuhiro, KawaiFujimi, MoriNobuyoshi

VZV vasculopathy treatment

Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy is a serious condition that affects immunocompromised patients. While ART suspension is often used for patients with HIV and dysphagia, more research is needed to determine the best treatment options for VZV vasculopathy.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Effects of HAART on platelet-activating factor metabolism in naive HIV-infected patients I: study of the tenofovir-DF/emtricitabine/efavirenz HAART regimen.

Author: ChiniMaria, TsouprasAlexandros B, MangafasNikos, TsogasNikos, PapakonstantinouVasiliki D, FragopoulouElizabeth, AntonopoulouSmaragdi, GargalianosPanagiotis, DemopoulosConstantinos A, LazanasMarios C

HIV treatment
PAF metabolism modulation

The tenofovir-DF/emtricitabine/efavirenz regimen for HIV infection also reduced PAF biosynthesis, potentially benefiting patients with HIV-related conditions like cardiovascular disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Comparison of Metabolic Effects of Three Different Treatment Combinations with Retrospective Real-life Data in People Living with HIV.

Author: SimsekAdem, KarabayOguz, GucluErtugrul, ToptanHande

Comorbidities

Comorbidities are increasingly common in people living with HIV. This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of different antiretroviral therapies in real-world settings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of antiretroviral drugs for treatment-naive HIV infection in China.

Author: LiMin, CaoYuxin, HuangHao, QinGang, ChuMinjie, ZouMeiyin, ZhuangXun

HIV treatment
High price

Dolutegravir (DTG) is a medication used to treat HIV infection. This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of DTG-based regimens for treatment-naive HIV infection in China.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Prophylaxis by doravirine-lamivudine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or elvitegravir-cobicistat-emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide after sexual exposure to HIV.

Author: DevredInès, KayembeKick, ValinNadia, RougierHayette, ShingaBruce Wuembulua, Lambert-NiclotSidonie, ChiarabiniThibault, MeyohasMarie-Caroline, LacombeKarine

HIV PEP

This study compares the completion rates of doravirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine (DOR/3TC/TDF) and elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (EVG/c/FTC/TAF) for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The study found that DOR/3TC/TDF had a similar safety profile to EVG/c/FTC/TAF, with a comparable completion rate and no cases of seroconversion. DOR/3TC/TDF may be a cost-effective treatment option for PEP in the context of HIV-exposure accidents.

Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Effects of a protein-rich drink or a standard meal on the pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir in healthy Japanese male subjects: a randomized, three-way crossover study.

Author: ShiomiMari, MatsukiShunji, IkedaAtsushi, IshikawaTomohiro, NishinoNoriaki, KimuraMiyuki, IrieShin

HIV treatment

Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, a single-tablet regimen for HIV, is best administered with food. Fasting decreases the bioavailability of elvitegravir and tenofovir by 50% and 28%, respectively, compared to a standard breakfast.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Sexual orientation differences among men in a randomized clinical trial of extended-release naltrexone and bupropion for methamphetamine use disorder.

Author: KiddJeremy D, SmileySabrina L, CoffinPhillip O, CarmodyThomas J, LevinFrances R, NunesEdward V, ShoptawSteven J, TrivediMadhukar H

Potential for less effectiveness in MSM/W

This study is the first MethUD medication trial to compare treatment effect for men who have sex with men or women (MSM/W) compared to men who have sex with women (MSW). The hypothesis was that extended-release injectable naltrexone 380mg every 3 weeks plus oral extended-release bupropion 450mg daily would be less effective for MSM/W than MSW.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

14.

Antiviral effects of lamivudine, emtricitabine, adefovir dipivoxil, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate administered orally alone and in combination to woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

Author: MenneStephan, ButlerScott D, GeorgeAndrea L, TochkovIlia A, ZhuYuao, XiongShelly, GerinJohn L, CotePaul J, TennantBud C

HBV infection treatment

This study investigates the antiviral effects of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), alone or in combination with lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC), against chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection. Both ADV and TDF, alone or in combination, were found to be safe and effective in reducing WHV viremia levels in a woodchuck model.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

15.

Acceptability of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Truvada Among African Users in Late-Stage of Pregnancy.

Author: MontgomeryElizabeth T, HawleyImogen, FairlieLee, BungeKatie, MathebulaFlorence, EtimaJuliane, MuteroPrisca, SenyamaLinly, MayoAshley, StonerMarie C D, PiperJeanna, BalanIvan, van der StratenAriane

Maternal health improvement
Reduced HIV risk

This analysis of acceptability data from the MTN-042/DELIVER trial suggests that both the monthly ring and daily oral PrEP were generally well-accepted among HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Africa. Participants valued the ability to protect themselves and their babies, and counseling support from healthcare providers was crucial.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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