Major findings

The study investigated the pharmacokinetics of estradiol and estrone during the application of a new transdermal estradiol patch (Dermestril) with active matrix in postmenopausal women. 1 The study found that estradiol levels increased from 0-10 pg/ml (typical of menopause) to average concentrations of 23, 40, and 79 pg/ml during the application of the patch at three different strengths (25, 50, and 100 micrograms/day estradiol). 1 These levels are comparable to those found in women of fertile age during the early follicular phase. 1 Estrone levels also increased, but less dramatically than estradiol. 1 Additionally, the estradiol/estrone ratio increased from very low values typical of postmenopause to values of about 1, which is in the range of those found during the fertile age of women. 1 .

Reasons for side effects

Side effects of estradiol transdermal patches are due to the mechanism of action of estradiol. Estradiol is a type of female hormone that affects various physiological functions. Its mechanism of action is exerted by binding to a protein called the estrogen receptor. Estrogen receptors are found in various tissues, including the female reproductive organs, breasts, bones, heart, and brain, and estradiol acts on these tissues to produce various effects.

Common side effects

Headache

Headache may occur with the use of estradiol transdermal patches. 1 This is thought to be because estradiol has the effect of dilating blood vessels.

Breast pain

Breast pain (mastodynia) may occur with the use of estradiol transdermal patches. 1 This is thought to be because estradiol stimulates breast tissue.

Pelvic heaviness

You may experience pelvic heaviness with the use of estradiol transdermal patches. 1 This is thought to be because estradiol has the effect of thickening the endometrium. In addition, estradiol can promote the growth of uterine fibroids.

Countermeasures for side effects

Countermeasures for headache

If you experience headache, it is important to rest first. It may also be effective to take over-the-counter painkillers. If the headache is severe, consult your doctor.

Countermeasures for breast pain

If you experience breast pain, try applying a cold compress to the affected area first. It may also be effective to loosen your bra. If the pain is severe, consult your doctor.

Countermeasures for pelvic heaviness

If you experience pelvic heaviness, it is important to rest first. Applying a warm compress to the affected area may also relieve symptoms. If the heaviness is severe, consult your doctor.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities in studies

Estradiol transdermal patches have the common effect of increasing plasma estradiol and estrone levels in postmenopausal women.

Differences in studies

The incidence and severity of side effects of estradiol transdermal patches may vary from study to study. This is thought to be influenced by a variety of factors, such as the type and strength of the preparation, the age and health status of the subjects, and the medications used.

Notes on application to real life

Estradiol transdermal patches are used to treat menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. However, it is important to use them under the guidance of a doctor, as there is a risk of side effects. Before using estradiol transdermal patches, consult your doctor to confirm that they are suitable for your body.

Limitations of current research

There is still not enough research on estradiol transdermal patches. In particular, further research is needed on the safety and efficacy of long-term use.

Future research directions

Research on the long-term safety and efficacy of estradiol transdermal patches is needed. Research on comparisons between different preparations and on selecting the optimal preparation for individual patients is also needed.

Conclusion

Estradiol transdermal patches are an effective option for treating menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women, but it is important to be aware of the risk of side effects. Use them according to your doctor's instructions, and if you experience side effects, consult your doctor immediately.