Side Effects of estrogen and progestin (oral contraceptives): A Synthesis of Findings from 5 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of estrogen and progestin (oral contraceptives): A Synthesis of Findings from 5 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

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This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Major Findings

Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives (OCs) may affect the size of uterine fibroids. One case report showed a 47% reduction in fibroid volume after a 45-year-old woman stopped taking OCs. 3

OCs can cause hyperprolactinemia, which can lead to galactorrhea (breast milk production). 5

OCs may not increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. 2

Reasons for Side Effects

OCs supply the body with estrogen and progesterone hormones, which can have various effects. These hormones are involved in fibroid growth, breast milk production, and lipid metabolism. Therefore, using OCs can alter these effects and potentially cause side effects.

Common Side Effects

Changes in Uterine Fibroid Size

Stopping OCs can reduce the size of uterine fibroids. 3

Galactorrhea

Women taking OCs may experience galactorrhea. This is thought to be caused by OCs increasing prolactin levels. 5

Effects on Lipid Metabolism

OCs may not increase HDL cholesterol levels. This may be because OCs can affect lipid metabolism. 2

Side Effects Management

Changes in Uterine Fibroid Size

Consult a doctor if you are concerned about fibroid size.

Galactorrhea

Consult a doctor if you are concerned about galactorrhea. If prolactin levels are elevated, drug therapy or other treatments may be used.

Effects on Lipid Metabolism

Consult a doctor if you are concerned about lipid metabolism. Appropriate exercise and diet therapy may be recommended.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities

These studies indicate that OCs can cause a variety of side effects.

Differences

These studies show that the severity and type of side effects caused by OCs vary. For example, changes in uterine fibroid size may differ depending on the type and duration of OC use.

Notes on Practical Application

OCs can cause various side effects. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using OCs and choose a contraceptive method that is appropriate for your body type and health condition.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still not enough research on the side effects of OCs. In particular, research on long-term side effects is lacking.

Future Research Directions

Research on long-term side effects of OCs and side effects in individuals with various body types and health conditions is needed.

Conclusion

OCs can cause various side effects, such as changes in uterine fibroid size, galactorrhea, and effects on lipid metabolism. It is important to consult a doctor before using OCs and choose a contraceptive method that is appropriate for your body type and health condition.

Literature analysis of 5 papers
Positive Content
2
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
0
1
1
2
5
1.

An evidence based systematic review of remifentanil associated opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Author: RivosecchiRyan M, RiceMark J, SmithburgerPamela L, BuckleyMitchell S, CoonsJames C, Kane-GillSandra L

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia
Respiratory depression

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a concerning side effect of therapeutic opioid use. While opioids are known for their effects on bradycardia and respiratory depression, OIH remains an area of active research to better understand its mechanisms and management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Effect of a controlled exercise program on serum lipoprotein levels in women on oral contraceptives.

Author: WynneT P, FreyM A, LaubachL L, GlueckC J

Increased oxygen uptake
No change in triglycerides
No increase in HDL cholesterol

This study investigated the effects of an interval training program on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in sedentary women on oral contraceptives. Unlike similar training programs in men, the exercise program did not significantly increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, suggesting potential interactions between sex hormones, exercise, and oral contraceptives.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Reduction in the size of a uterine leiomyoma following discontinuation of an estrogen-progestin contraceptive.

Author: BarbieriR L

Reduced myoma volume

This case report suggests that estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives may influence the volume of uterine leiomyomata, as a patient experienced a 47% reduction in myoma volume after discontinuing the contraceptive.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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