Side Effects of etidronate: A Synthesis of Findings from 24 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Etidronate, a bisphosphonate, has shown promise in preventing ectopic soft tissue mineralization, a condition often associated with genetic mutations in the ABCC6 gene. A study published in 6 found that etidronate, when administered at a dosage 12 times higher than that used for osteoporosis treatment in humans, significantly reduced mineralization in Abcc6(-/-) mice, while alendronate, another bisphosphonate, showed no such effect. This suggests that etidronate may be a potential treatment for preventing mineral deposits in PXE and GACI, genetic disorders characterized by ectopic mineralization.

However, research published in 11 indicated that etidronate might suppress the bone resorption inhibitory effects of alendronate, another bisphosphonate. The study, conducted in mice, revealed that etidronate, while effectively inhibiting the inflammatory response induced by alendronate, also inhibited its bone resorption inhibitory activity. This finding suggests that etidronate, while potentially beneficial in preventing ectopic mineralization, could interfere with the effects of other bisphosphonates.

Etidronate is often used for treating and preventing osteoporosis, and a review published in 24 highlighted its effectiveness and safety in managing postmenopausal and corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. The review concluded that etidronate, when administered cyclically, can improve bone density, reduce fracture risk, and prevent further bone loss in patients with osteoporosis. Additionally, a study reported in 20 demonstrated the effectiveness of etidronate in treating immobilization hypercalcemia associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome in a 12-year-old boy.

Reasons for Side Effects

Etidronate works by inhibiting bone resorption, primarily by suppressing osteoblast activity, which can lead to slowed bone regeneration and a decrease in bone quality. It can also irritate the gastrointestinal lining, potentially causing stomach pain, indigestion, and gastritis.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Etidronate can irritate the gastrointestinal lining, causing side effects such as stomach pain, indigestion, and gastritis. These side effects often appear shortly after taking etidronate and usually improve after discontinuing the medication. However, if the side effects are severe, consulting your doctor is crucial. 21 .

Bone-Related Side Effects

Etidronate can slow bone regeneration and decrease bone quality by suppressing osteoblast activity. Long-term use of etidronate might worsen osteoporosis. 24 .

Other Side Effects

Etidronate can rarely cause side effects such as headaches, dizziness, and rashes. Consulting your doctor if you experience any of these side effects is recommended. 24 .

Measures to Take Against Side Effects

Measures to Take Against Gastrointestinal Side Effects

When taking etidronate, drinking plenty of water and taking it before bed are recommended. Taking it with food can also reduce gastrointestinal irritation. If these measures do not improve side effects like stomach pain or indigestion, consulting your doctor is necessary. 24 .

Measures to Take Against Bone-Related Side Effects

It is crucial to have regular bone density tests while taking etidronate. Consult your doctor if your bone density is low. 24 .

Measures to Take Against Other Side Effects

If you experience side effects such as headaches, dizziness, or rashes while taking etidronate, consulting your doctor is advised. These side effects usually improve after stopping the medication, unless they are severe. In case of severe side effects, following your doctor's instructions is essential. 24 .

Comparison Between Studies

Common Points Among Studies

Several studies have consistently shown that etidronate effectively inhibits bone resorption. 24 , 20 , 19 .

Differences Between Studies

The effectiveness and side effects of etidronate can vary depending on the dosage and method of administration. 6 , 11 .

Points to Note Regarding Application to Real Life

Etidronate is used to treat osteoporosis and bone diseases, but it's crucial to be aware of the potential side effects. Always consult your doctor before taking etidronate and follow their instructions. Regular bone density tests are essential, particularly for older adults and those with osteoporosis. 23 .

Limitations of Current Research

Long-term effects of etidronate remain inadequately studied. More research is needed to confirm its long-term safety.

Future Research Directions

Further research is essential to investigate the long-term effects and safety of etidronate. Studies are also needed to determine the optimal dosage and method of administration, and to explore its interactions with other medications.

Conclusion

Etidronate effectively inhibits bone resorption and is used to treat osteoporosis and bone diseases. However, it can have several side effects, including gastrointestinal and bone-related issues. It's vital to consult your doctor before taking etidronate and to follow their instructions. Regular bone density tests are crucial.

Literature analysis of 24 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
2
1
3
9
24
1.

An evidence based systematic review of remifentanil associated opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Author: RivosecchiRyan M, RiceMark J, SmithburgerPamela L, BuckleyMitchell S, CoonsJames C, Kane-GillSandra L

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia
Respiratory depression

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a concerning side effect of therapeutic opioid use. While opioids are known for their effects on bradycardia and respiratory depression, OIH remains an area of active research to better understand its mechanisms and management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Underlying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ).

Author: EndoYasuo, KumamotoHiroyuki, NakamuraMasanori, SugawaraShunji, Takano-YamamotoTeruko, SasakiKeiichi, TakahashiTetsu

Treat BRONJ
Osteonecrosis of jaws

This study investigates the mechanisms underlying bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ), a serious side effect of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs). The study proposes that phosphate-transporter-mediated and inflammation/infection-promoted mechanisms contribute to BRONJ. The study suggests etidronate as a substitution drug for N-BPs and clodronate as a combination drug with N-BPs to treat or prevent BRONJ while retaining their anti-bone-resorptive effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: historical, ethical, and legal issues associated with prescribing.

Author: FaimanBeth, PillaiAiswarya Lekshmi Pillai Chandran, BenghiacAna Gabriela

Bone cancer treatment
BRONJ

Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that are used to treat bone loss and prevent fractures in patients with osteoporosis and cancer. While bisphosphonates are generally safe, they can cause a rare but serious complication called bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). This review discusses the causes and treatment of BRONJ, as well as the ethical and legal issues surrounding bisphosphonate administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Inhibition of phosphate transporters ameliorates the inflammatory and necrotic side effects of the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronate in mice.

Author: OkadaSatoru, KiyamaTomomi, SatoEri, TanakaYukinori, OizumiTakefumi, KuroishiToshinobu, TakahashiTetsu, SasakiKeiichi, SugawaraShunji, EndoYasuo

Improved bone health
Reduced side effects
Inflammation
Necrosis

Etidronate and clodronate, non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, were shown to protect against the inflammatory and necrotic side effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates like zoledronate, likely by inhibiting phosphate transporters.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Therapy with zoledronic acid, 5 mg, for a patient with Paget disease of bone.

Author: TucciJoseph R

Effective treatment for Paget disease
Long-lasting remission

A single 5 mg infusion of zoledronic acid induced a sustained remission lasting 20 months in a patient with Paget disease of bone who had not responded well to other bisphosphonates. Zoledronic acid was well-tolerated and significantly decreased bone pain.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Amino-bisphosphonates in heterotopic ossification: first experience in five consecutive cases.

Author: SchuetzP, MuellerB, Christ-CrainM, DickW, HaasH

Heterotopic ossification reduction
Osteomalacia
Osteoporosis

Pamidronate infusions may be beneficial in preventing recurrence of heterotopic ossification after surgical removal.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

[Effect of oral biphosphonates in patients with cystic fibrosis and low bone mineral density].

Author: RinguierB, LeboucherB, LeblancM, TroussierF, DuveauE, AudranM, GinièsJ L

Improved bone mineralization

Oral etidronate treatment is well-tolerated and capable of improving bone mineralization in patients with cystic fibrosis.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

14.

Systematic review of bisphosphonates for hypercalcaemia of malignancy.

Author: SaundersY, RossJ R, BroadleyK E, EdmondsP M, PatelS,

Normalized calcium levels

Bisphosphonates are effective in treating hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) in more than 70% of patients with minimal side effects. Aminobisphosphonates are most effective in maintaining normal calcium levels and should be given in high doses regardless of baseline serum calcium levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

[Osteitis deformans--Paget's disease].

Author: SieghartSusanne

Reduces Paget's disease activity

Paget's disease of the bone is a disorder characterized by increased bone turnover. The prevalence of the disease has decreased in recent years. Bisphosphonates are the primary treatment for Paget's disease.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

16.

A systematic review of the role of bisphosphonates in metastatic disease.

Author: RossJ R, SaundersY, EdmondsP M, PatelS, WonderlingD, NormandC, BroadleyK

Hypercalcemia treatment
Skeletal morbidity prevention

This study aims to investigate the role of bisphosphonates in treating hypercalcemia, preventing skeletal morbidity, and using them in the adjuvant setting in malignancy. It will also perform an economic review of current literature and model the cost effectiveness of bisphosphonates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

Alendronate is more effective than etidronate for increasing bone mass in osteopenic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Author: GuañabensNuria, ParésAlbert, RosInmaculada, AlvarezLuisa, PonsFrancesca, CaballeríaLlorenç, MonegalAna, Martínez de OsabaM Jesus, RocaMerce, PerisPilar, RodésJuan

Increased bone mass
Fractures

This study compared the effects of alendronate and cyclical etidronate on bone mass in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The study found that both treatments increased bone mineral density after 2 years, but the increase was significantly higher in patients receiving alendronate. Alendronate was associated with minor or no side effects and did not impair liver function or cholestasis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Cyclic therapy with etidronate has a therapeutic effect against local osteoporosis after cementless total hip arthroplasty.

Author: YamaguchiKatsuyuki, MasuharaKensaku, YamasakiSatoshi, NakaiTsuyoshi, FujiTakeshi

Bone resorption reduction
Side effects

Cyclic therapy with etidronate may help to reduce bone resorption around the femoral stem after cementless total hip arthroplasty.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

Bisphosphonate treatment of osteoporosis.

Author: WattsNelson B

Fracture prevention
Osteoporosis treatment

Bisphosphonates are the most effective drugs for treating osteoporosis. They increase bone mineral density and reduce the risk of fractures. The most commonly used bisphosphonates are alendronate and risedronate.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Low-dose oral etidronate therapy for immobilization hypercalcaemia associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Author: GoT

Decreased serum calcium
Linear growth

Etidronate, a bisphosphonate, was used to treat immobilization hypercalcemia associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome in a 12-year-old boy. A low dose of 3.7 mg/kg/day was administered for 2 weeks. The serum calcium level decreased to the normal range within 2 weeks, and no adverse side effects were observed. The patient's linear growth progressed normally.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

[Esophageal lesions associated with diphosphonates].

Author: LarsenK O, StrayN, EnghV, SandnesD

Esophageal ulceration
Esophagitis

Severe oesophagitis or oesophageal ulceration can occur during treatment with bisphosphonates. The oesophageal lesions heal on discontinuation of the bisphosphonate, and institution of gastric acid suppression treatment may enhance the healing process.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Norwegian

22.

[The development of new drugs for osteoporosis in Japan].

Author: ArakiH, FutagamiK, GomitaY

Bone absorption suppression
Bone quantity increase
Osteoporosis treatment

This review discusses the development of osteoporosis treatment, including the introduction of rapidly acting bone absorption suppressants, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and bisphosphanates.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Japanese

23.

Management of male osteoporosis.

Author: CortetB, VasseurJ, GrardelB, CatanzaritiL, MarchandiseX, DelcambreB

Increased bone mass
Fracture risk
Gastrointestinal side effects

Etidronate and the combination of calcitriol-phosphate were found to significantly increase lumbar spine bone mass in men with idiopathic osteoporosis or moderate idiopathic phosphate diabetes.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

24.

Etridronate therapy in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

Author: HanleyD A, IoannidisG, AdachiJ D

Bone density increase
Osteoporosis treatment
Side effects

Cyclical etidronate therapy is a safe and effective treatment for postmenopausal and corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. It significantly improves bone density and may reduce fracture risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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