Effects of fluphenazine: A Synthesis of Findings from 5 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Fluphenazine is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia. Several studies have reported that fluphenazine can improve symptoms of schizophrenia. However, fluphenazine also carries the risk of side effects. 4 compared two types of fluphenazine formulations, fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate, and found that flupenthixol decanoate tended to have a longer-lasting effect on schizophrenic symptoms. 3 showed that higher plasma fluphenazine levels were associated with a higher rate of improvement in schizophrenic symptoms. However, it also demonstrated that side effects became more likely when plasma fluphenazine levels exceeded a certain threshold. 2 indicated that lower plasma fluphenazine levels were associated with an increased risk of psychotic exacerbations. 5 found that oral fluphenazine may be effective in treating schizophrenia, but it did not show a significant difference compared to placebo. 1 reported that Parkinsonian syndrome and depression are common side effects of fluphenazine decanoate. These side effects can be alleviated by using medications like orphenadrine or tofenacin.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Fluphenazine has the potential to improve symptoms of schizophrenia. In particular, flupenthixol decanoate appears to have a longer-lasting effect on schizophrenic symptoms. 4 3

Risk Summary

Fluphenazine carries the risk of side effects. Common side effects include Parkinsonian syndrome and depression. 3 1 Additionally, the risk of side effects increases with higher plasma fluphenazine levels. 2

Comparison of Studies

Similarities

All of these studies concluded that fluphenazine is an effective medication for the treatment of schizophrenia. 4 3 2 5 1 They also reported that fluphenazine can cause side effects. 4 3 2 5 1

Differences

These studies showed some differences in the results regarding the effectiveness and side effects of fluphenazine. For instance, 4 showed that flupenthixol decanoate tended to have a longer-lasting effect on schizophrenic symptoms. On the other hand, 5 did not find a significant difference between oral fluphenazine and placebo. These differences may be attributed to factors such as the study design or characteristics of the participants. Additionally, 3 indicated that the risk of side effects increases when plasma fluphenazine levels exceed a certain threshold. 2 showed that lower plasma fluphenazine levels are associated with a higher risk of psychotic exacerbations. Thus, further research is needed to investigate the relationship between plasma fluphenazine levels and the risk of side effects.

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

The results of these studies are both consistent and contradictory. For example, 4 3 2 suggested that fluphenazine is effective in treating schizophrenic symptoms. However, 5 did not find a significant difference between fluphenazine and placebo. These contradictions may be attributed to factors such as study design or participant characteristics. Furthermore, the relationship between plasma fluphenazine levels and the risk of side effects has been shown to vary across studies. 3 2 Further research is needed to resolve these inconsistencies.

Practical Applications and Considerations

Fluphenazine may be an effective medication for treating schizophrenia, but it carries the risk of side effects. It is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions when taking fluphenazine. 4 3 2 5 1 Regular monitoring of plasma fluphenazine levels is also important. 2 3 Consult with your doctor or pharmacist before taking fluphenazine, as it may interact with other medications.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies have limitations, such as having a limited number of participants, which restricts the generalizability of the findings. 4 3 2 5 1 Also, the different indicators used in these studies to assess the effectiveness and side effects of fluphenazine make it difficult to compare the results. Additionally, these studies did not fully explore the relationship between plasma fluphenazine levels and the risk of side effects, so further research is needed in this area.

Directions for Future Research

Future research on fluphenazine should include large-scale clinical trials with a higher number of participants. 4 3 2 5 1 It is also necessary to standardize the indicators used to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of fluphenazine, enabling comparison of results across different studies. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between plasma fluphenazine levels and the risk of side effects is crucial.

Conclusion

Fluphenazine has the potential to be an effective medication for treating schizophrenia. However, it also carries the risk of side effects. Therefore, it is essential to follow your doctor's instructions when taking fluphenazine. 4 3 2 5 1 Further research on fluphenazine can help to better understand the benefits and risks of this medication.

Literature analysis of 5 papers
Positive Content
4
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
4
0
1
1
5
1.

A comparative trial of orphenadrine and tofenacin in the control of depression and extrapyramidal side-effects associated with fluphenazine decanoate therapy.

Author: CapstickN, PudneyH

Depression control
Parkinsonism control

Both orphenadrine hydrochloride and its metabolite, tofenacin hydrochloride, effectively controlled Parkinsonian side effects in patients receiving fluphenazine decanoate. However, orphenadrine was significantly better (p < 0.05) at controlling depressive side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Plasma levels of fluphenazine in patients receiving fluphenazine decanoate. Relationship to clinical response.

Author: MarderS R, MidhaK K, Van PuttenT, AravagiriM, HawesE M, HubbardJ W, McKayG, MintzJ

Psychotic exacerbations

Fluphenazine decanoate, a long-acting antipsychotic, required three months to reach a steady-state plasma level in patients receiving 25 mg every two weeks. Lower fluphenazine plasma levels were associated with an increased risk of psychotic exacerbations.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Plasma fluphenazine levels and clinical response in newly admitted schizophrenic patients.

Author: Van PuttenT, AravagiriM, MarderS R, WirshingW C, MintzJ, ChabertN

Improves psychosis
Disabling side effects

Higher plasma fluphenazine levels were associated with greater improvement in schizophrenia symptoms, but also with a higher rate of disabling side effects. Nearly 90% of patients experienced side effects that negated the therapeutic benefits. Fluphenazine N-oxide, a metabolite, was more strongly linked to side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Comparative double-blind study of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of patients relapsing in a schizophrenic symptomatology.

Author: WistedtB, RantaJ

Improved depressive symptoms
Improved schizophrenic symptomatology

Flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate were similar in their therapeutic effects and side effects for the first 6 months in patients with schizophrenia. After one year, flupenthixol decanoate showed a trend towards a better effect on schizophrenic and depressive symptoms. The need for additional neuroleptics was similar for both drugs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia.

Author: MatarHosam E, AlmerieMuhammad Q, SampsonStephanie

Schizophrenia treatment
Adverse effects

This review examined the effects of oral fluphenazine compared to placebo in seven randomized controlled trials involving 439 participants with schizophrenia. Fluphenazine was found to be a potent antipsychotic but with considerable adverse effects, suggesting that other drugs may be preferable.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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