Main Research Findings

Several studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of garlic and its extracts in preventing and treating atherosclerosis. suggests that garlic's anti-atherosclerotic effects are achieved through mechanisms such as lowering cholesterol levels, antioxidant action, antithrombotic action, inhibition of angiogenesis, protection of endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory action, anti-apoptotic action, inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and regulation of the gut microbiota. Additionally, shows that S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), a garlic-derived compound, inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and suppresses tumor cell growth. Furthermore, demonstrates that VKLRSLLCS (VS-9), a novel peptide isolated from garlic, exhibits anti-cancer effects against leukemic cell lines.

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of garlic are attributed to sulfur compounds such as allicin, a component of garlic. Allicin is metabolized in the body, converting into substances like hydrogen sulfide. While hydrogen sulfide has vasodilating and anti-inflammatory properties, excessive intake can potentially lead to gastrointestinal irritation, respiratory irritation, and allergic reactions. Moreover, garlic has blood-thinning effects, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding.

Common Side Effects

Digestive System

Consuming garlic may cause digestive symptoms such as indigestion, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. , Garlic's blood-thinning properties could also increase the risk of digestive bleeding.

Respiratory System

Garlic consumption can lead to strong breath and body odor. Garlic also has a stimulating effect on the respiratory system, potentially worsening symptoms such as coughing and asthma.

Allergic Reactions

Garlic can trigger allergic reactions. Symptoms may include hives, difficulty breathing, and facial swelling.

Other

Garlic's blood-thinning effect can increase the likelihood of bleeding. Avoid garlic before surgery or if you have a blood clotting disorder. Garlic might also burden the liver and kidneys. If you have liver or kidney disease, limit your garlic intake. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should limit garlic consumption.

Side Effect Management

Digestive System

If you experience digestive symptoms, reduce or stop consuming garlic. Consult a doctor if symptoms persist.

Respiratory System

If you are concerned about breath or body odor, brush your teeth and gargle frequently. When eating garlic-based dishes, ensure adequate ventilation.

Allergic Reactions

If you have an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention.

Other

Avoid consuming garlic before surgery or if you have a blood clotting disorder. Limit garlic intake if you have liver or kidney disease. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should restrict their garlic consumption.

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities

Many studies indicate that garlic can be beneficial for preventing and treating atherosclerosis. Additionally, research has demonstrated that garlic's anti-atherosclerotic effects are achieved through mechanisms such as antioxidant action, antithrombotic action, inhibition of angiogenesis, protection of endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory action, anti-apoptotic action, inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and regulation of the gut microbiota.

Differences

Studies have reported varying levels of effectiveness and side effects associated with garlic. This variation is likely due to differences in garlic types, extraction methods, participant age and health conditions, and dosages used in each study. Therefore, it is crucial to consult a doctor or pharmacist about garlic intake based on individual circumstances.

Implications for Daily Life

Garlic can potentially contribute to your health when incorporated into your diet. However, it is essential to understand the risks of side effects and adhere to appropriate intake levels while monitoring any changes in your health. It is particularly important to limit garlic consumption during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and if you have liver or kidney disease.

Limitations of Current Research

There are still gaps in our understanding of garlic's effectiveness and safety. Long-term studies are needed to assess the effects of long-term garlic consumption on the human body.

Future Research Directions

Long-term clinical trials are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of garlic's effectiveness and safety. Identifying garlic's active ingredients and elucidating its mechanisms of action would be beneficial for developing safe garlic products with minimal side effects.

Conclusion

Garlic may be a beneficial food for preventing and treating atherosclerosis. However, it is crucial to be aware of the potential for side effects and adhere to appropriate intake levels while monitoring your health. It is recommended to consult a doctor or pharmacist before consuming garlic, particularly if you have specific health conditions or are pregnant or breastfeeding.