Side Effects of gemfibrozil: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of gemfibrozil: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Gemfibrozil is a drug used to treat high triglycerides, and 12 reported that it has antidepressant effects in mice. 2 also states that gemfibrozil is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and is used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Additionally, 4 introduced gemfibrozil as one of the drugs used in the treatment of dyslipidemia.

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of gemfibrozil may be related to its mechanism of action and drug interactions. 7 suggests that gemfibrozil may impair mitochondrial function. 14 points out that the risk of rhabdomyolysis may be increased when gemfibrozil is used concomitantly with statins.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

8 , 1 , 20 , 10 report gastrointestinal symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. 20 also reports a risk of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.

Musculoskeletal

3 , 11 , 5 , 16 , 24 , 14 report side effects such as muscle pain, weakness, and rhabdomyolysis. 24 suggests that gemfibrozil may cause skeletal muscle metabolic impairment in patients with chronic renal failure.

Hepatic

11 , 3 report a risk of liver dysfunction and hepatitis. 20 also states that gemfibrozil may elevate liver enzymes.

Others

12 suggests that the antidepressant effect in mice is mediated by the activation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. 1 reports polyuria as a side effect. 15 reports epigastric pain and burning as side effects of gemfibrozil. 13 suggests that gemfibrozil enhances reactive oxygen metabolism in phagocytes. 22 reports that gemfibrozil improves lipid metabolic abnormalities in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Measures for Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

If you experience gastrointestinal side effects, dietary and lifestyle changes may be helpful. For example, avoiding fatty foods and eating small, frequent meals can be beneficial. Taking appropriate medications as directed by your doctor can also be effective.

Musculoskeletal

If you experience muscle pain, it is important to rest and reduce physical activity. Consulting with your doctor and taking medication if necessary can also help. If you experience serious side effects such as rhabdomyolysis, you should immediately seek medical attention.

Hepatic

If you experience liver dysfunction, you will need to have regular blood tests to monitor your liver function as directed by your doctor. You should also refrain from alcohol consumption.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities

Multiple studies have consistently shown that gemfibrozil affects lipid metabolism. Additionally, gemfibrozil is used as a treatment for hypertriglyceridemia and dyslipidemia.

Differences

Several studies have shown different results regarding the side effects of gemfibrozil. For example, 14 reports an increased risk of rhabdomyolysis when gemfibrozil is used in combination with statins, but other studies do not mention this side effect. There are also varying results regarding the efficacy of gemfibrozil. For example, 12 reports that gemfibrozil exhibits antidepressant effects in mice, but other studies do not mention this effect.

Notes on Real-World Application

While gemfibrozil is a drug used to treat hypertriglyceridemia and dyslipidemia, it is important to be aware of the potential risks of side effects. If you experience muscle pain or rhabdomyolysis, you should consult with your doctor immediately. Gemfibrozil may also interact with other medications, so be sure to talk to your doctor before taking it.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on gemfibrozil is still considered insufficient. Further studies are necessary to determine long-term safety and efficacy. The mechanisms by which gemfibrozil causes side effects are not fully understood.

Future Research Directions

Future research on gemfibrozil should focus on clarifying long-term safety and efficacy, elucidating the mechanisms of side effect occurrence, and identifying optimal dosage regimens and combination therapies to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects.

Conclusion

Gemfibrozil is a drug used to treat hypertriglyceridemia and dyslipidemia that offers potential benefits. However, it is essential to understand the risks of side effects. If you are considering taking gemfibrozil, consult with your doctor and receive an appropriate prescription.

Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
22
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
4
Article Type
5
1
0
7
27
1.

Gemfibrozil-Induced Polyuria.

Author: AhmedAshraf Oe, OkotchaEdmond, SaadAbdul-Hussein

Polyuria

Gemfibrozil is a lipid-lowering medication used to treat high triglycerides. While it is generally safe, it may cause gastrointestinal issues like gallstones and nausea. Polyuria, or excessive urination, has also been reported.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Overview of pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of dyslipidemia.

Author: LipsyRobert J

Improve compliance
Lower LDL

Statins are the most effective, widely prescribed, and best-tolerated lipid-lowering drugs. Ezetimibe, a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, can be used alone or in combination with statins to reduce LDL-C and improve patient compliance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Atorvastatin versus four statin-fibrate combinations in patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia.

Author: AthyrosVasilios G, PapageorgiouAthanasios A, AthyrouValasia V, DemitriadisDimokritos S, PehlivanidisAnthimos N, KontopoulosAthanasios G

Effective FCHL treatment
CK elevation
Epigastric discomfort
Increased transaminase levels
Myalgia

Atorvastatin monotherapy had a better effect on LDL-C and apoprotein B than statin-fibrate combinations, but a lesser effect on HDL-C, TG and in the case of ciprofibrate combinations, fibrinogen.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Belgian expert opinion: how to reduce the residual risk in atherogenic dyslipidaemic patients: place of fibrates.

Author: DucobuJean, ScheenAndré, Van GaalLuc, VelkeniersBrigitte, HermansMichel

Improved lipid profile
Reduced cardiovascular risk
Liver toxicity
Muscle side effects

Statins significantly lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but fibrates may also be beneficial, particularly for patients with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, or low HDL levels. Combination therapy with statins and fenofibrate may lead to a more complete improvement in lipid profile and risk markers compared to either class alone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

[Gemfibrozil in the treatment of hyperlipidemia].

Author: WangJ J, SongY M, WangY S, LinW H

HDL increase
cholesterol reduction
triglyceride reduction
gastrointestinal side effects

Gemfibrozil effectively reduced serum levels of total cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic patients, with a minimal side effect profile.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Chinese

9.

[Comparison of the efficacy between simvastatin and gemfibrozil in primary hypercholesterolemia].

Author: LecerfJ M, LucG, BaigtsF, DevulderB

Increases HDL-C
Lowers cholesterol

Simvastatin was more effective than gemfibrozil at reducing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apo B, while gemfibrozil produced a greater decrease in triglycerides. Both drugs increased HDL cholesterol and were well-tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

10.

[Clinical evaluation of simvastatin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia].

Author: LuZ L

Elevates Apo A-I/Apo B
Lowers ApoB
Lowers LDL-C
Lowers TC
Hypersensitive eruption

Simvastatin was more effective than gemfibrozil in lowering total cholesterol, LDL-C, apolipoprotein B and elevating apolipoprotein A-I/Apo B, while gemfibrozil was better for lowering triglycerides. No significant side effects were observed except for one patient who developed hypersensitive eruption after gemfibrozil.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Chinese

11.

A safety look at currently available statins.

Author: MoghadasianMohammed H

Lipid-lowering agent
Liver enzyme elevation
Muscle pain

Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels. They have been shown to be safe and effective in treating high cholesterol. Common side effects include muscle pain and elevated liver enzymes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Possible increased risk of rhabdomyolysis during concomitant use of simvastatin and gemfibrozil.

Author: van PuijenbroekE P, Du Buf-VereijkenP W, SpoorenP F, van DoormaalJ J

Rhabdomyolysis

Two patients developed rhabdomyolysis during the concomitant use of simvastatin and gemfibrozil.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Gemfibrozil and Mediterranean diet for patients with high plasma levels of lipoprotein [Lp(a)] and cholesterol--pilot study.

Author: SimoniG, GianottiA, ArdiaA, BaiardiA, CivalleriD

Lowered Lp(a)
Lowered cholesterol
Burning
Epigastric pain

A combination of Gemfibrozil and a Mediterranean diet significantly reduced lipoprotein-a and total cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia and high Lp(a).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Effectiveness of statin-gemfibrozil combination therapy in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia: experience of a community lipid clinic and safety review from the literature.

Author: ShammasNicholas W, KapalisMatthew J, DeckertJudi, HarrisMelodee, DippelEric J, LabrooAjay, McKinneyDawn

Lower cholesterol
Lower triglycerides
Raise HDL
Myopathy
Myositis

Statin-gemfibrozil combination therapy is effective in reducing total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in patients with hyperlipidemia resistant to either agent alone. Myositis and severe myopathy are infrequent but not rare side effects of this combination therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

17.

Optimizing bexarotene therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Author: TalpurRakhshandra, WardStaci, ApisarnthanaraxNarin, Breuer-MchamJoan, DuvicMadeleine

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma treatment
Hypertriglyceridemia

Bexarotene, a retinoid used for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, has a response rate of 45% at the optimal dose. Hypertriglyceridemia is a common side effect, often requiring the use of lipid-lowering agents such as statins.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

18.

Fibrates: where are we now?

Author: Seth LoombaRohit, AroraRohit

Dyslipidemia treatment

Fibrate therapy is effective in treating dyslipidemia by reducing triglycerides, raising HDL, and lowering small, dense LDL.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Pravastatin and gemfibrozil alone and in combination for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Author: WiklundO, AngelinB, BergmanM, BerglundL, BondjersG, CarlssonA, LindénT, MiettinenT, OdmanB, OlofssonS O

Cholesterol reduction
Lipid reduction
Creatine kinase elevation
Myopathy

Pravastatin, gemfibrozil, and combined therapy were effective in treating hypercholesterolemia, with the combination producing a more significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and apolipoprotein B and an increase in HDL-C. Severe myopathy was not observed, but the possibility of subclinical musculoskeletal effects cannot be excluded.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

An ounce of prevention. Drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia (Part 1).

Author: TurkoskiBeatrice B

CHD prevention

This article discusses the use of lipid-lowering medications in the prevention and management of coronary heart disease (CHD). It provides an overview of the major classes of lipid-lowering drugs, their mechanisms of action, and potential side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

21.

Comparison of cholesterol-lowering regimens.

Author: SnyderS

Increased HDL cholesterol
Reduced LDL cholesterol
Reduced serum triglyceride
Flushing reaction

Lovastatin is a safe and effective treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Other drugs, such as cholestyramine, colestipol, gemfibrozil, nicotinic acid, and probucol, can also be used to treat hypercholesterolemia.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

[Multicenter comparative study on safety, tolerance, and effectiveness of lovastatin combined or not with cholestyramine, and gemfibrozil combined or not with cholestyramine in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia].

Author: JoverE, ArandaJ L, NoguésX, del PalacioA, Rubiés-PratJ

Increase HDL
Lower cholesterol
Lower triglycerides
Side effects

Lovastatin was more effective than gemfibrozil in lowering total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Spanish

24.

Skeletal muscle metabolism before and after gemfibrozil treatment in dialysed patients with chronic renal failure.

Author: ThompsonC H, IrishA, KempG J, TaylorD J, RaddaG K

Lipid profile improvement
No muscle toxicity

This study found that gemfibrozil treatment significantly improved the lipid profile of patients with chronic renal failure and was not associated with clinical or bioenergetic impairment of skeletal muscle metabolism.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Hypertriglyceridemia and the fibrate trials.

Author: FaergemanO

Lowers triglycerides
Raises HDL
Cardiovascular disease

Fibrates lower triglycerides and raise HDL, but their clinical benefit in reducing cardiovascular disease risk is not clearly established. While some trials have shown benefit, others have not. More research is needed to determine their role in managing hypertriglyceridemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

Anethum graveolens and hyperlipidemia: A randomized clinical trial.

Author: MirhosseiniMahmoud, BaradaranAzar, Rafieian-KopaeiMahmoud

Reduced cholesterol
Reduced triglyceride

Dill (Anethum graveolens) showed potential benefits for hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglycemic patients, reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, it was less effective than gemfibrozil in increasing HDL-cholesterol.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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