Side Effects of griseofulvin: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Griseofulvin is an oral medication used to treat dermatophytosis and has been used for over 40 years. 8 . Griseofulvin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but absorption is enhanced by administration with a fatty meal. 8 . The drug is well-tolerated, particularly in children. 8 . Although griseofulvin is still the treatment of choice for tinea capitis, it has limited success in treating toenail onychomycosis and newer oral antifungal agents are now preferred. 8 .

Animal studies have shown that griseofulvin can cause mammary gland tumors and some research suggests that it may increase the risk of breast cancer in women. 2 . However, more research is needed to confirm this link. 2 .

Although it has been the standard treatment for tinea capitis, griseofulvin’s cure rate seldom exceeds 40% and newer drugs like itraconazole and terbinafine, while not FDA-approved for this indication, appear to be safer and more effective in treating tinea capitis in children. 7 11 4 . 16 15

Reasons for Side Effects

Griseofulvin's side effects may occur during the process of drug metabolism in the body. 8 . Griseofulvin may also inhibit fungal cell mitosis and nuclear acid synthesis, potentially affecting cells. 8 .

Common Side Effects

Headache

Griseofulvin can cause headaches. 8 .

Gastrointestinal symptoms

Griseofulvin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. 8 .

Skin rash

Griseofulvin can cause skin rashes. 8 .

Liver dysfunction

Griseofulvin can cause liver dysfunction. 18 . However, liver dysfunction is rare. 18 .

Central nervous system symptoms

Griseofulvin can cause central nervous system symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and impaired consciousness. .

Side Effect Countermeasures

Headache

If you experience a headache, consult your doctor. 8 .

Gastrointestinal symptoms

If you experience gastrointestinal symptoms, consult your doctor. 8 .

Skin rash

If you experience a skin rash, consult your doctor. 8 .

Liver dysfunction

If you suspect liver dysfunction, consult your doctor. 18 . Symptoms of liver dysfunction include jaundice, loss of appetite, and fatigue. 18 .

Central nervous system symptoms

If you experience central nervous system symptoms, consult your doctor. .

Comparison between Studies

Common points of research

Many studies have shown that griseofulvin is effective in treating dermatophytosis. 8 . However, it has also been shown that griseofulvin can cause side effects. 8 .

Differences in research

The effectiveness and side effects of griseofulvin may vary from study to study. 8 . This is due to differences in research methods and the target patients. 8 .

Cautions for Application in Real Life

Take griseofulvin as directed by your doctor. 8 . Do not stop taking the medication or change the dosage without consulting your doctor. 8 . Consult your doctor immediately if you experience any side effects. 8 .

Limitations of Current Research

There is still not enough research on the safety and efficacy of griseofulvin. 8 . In particular, the effects of long-term use of griseofulvin are not yet well understood. 8 .

Future Research Directions

Further research on the safety and efficacy of griseofulvin is needed. 8 . In particular, the effects of long-term use of griseofulvin need to be studied. 8 .

Conclusion

Griseofulvin is an effective drug for the treatment of dermatophytosis, but it can cause side effects. 8 . If you are taking griseofulvin, follow your doctor's instructions and consult your doctor immediately if you experience any side effects. 8 .

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
4
Article Type
2
1
0
11
21
1.

Epidemiologic evaluation of pharmaceuticals with limited evidence of carcinogenicity.

Author: FriedmanGary D, JiangSheng-Fang, UdaltsovaNatalia, QuesenberryCharles P, ChanJames, HabelLaurel A

Carcinogenicity

This study evaluated 9 pharmaceuticals classified as probably or possibly carcinogenic to humans for evidence of carcinogenicity in patients receiving them. Some supportive evidence was found for carcinogenicity of griseofulvin, metronidazole, and phenytoin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

2.

Pharmaceuticals that cause mammary gland tumors in animals: findings in women.

Author: FriedmanGary D, JiangSheng-Fang, UdaltsovaNatalia, ChanJames, QuesenberryCharles P, HabelLaurel A

Breast cancer risk

This study assessed the risk of breast cancer associated with eight pharmaceuticals that cause mammary tumors in animals. While furosemide and griseofulvin showed some statistically significant increases in risk, the findings were inconsistent across cohorts and limited by the inability to control for all breast cancer risk factors. Further research is needed to clarify potential associations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

3.

Onychomycosis--epidemiology, diagnosis and management.

Author: KaurR, KashyapB, BhallaP

High cure rate
Low relapse rate
Short-term dosing
Onychomycosis

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails. New systemic treatments have become available in recent years that are more effective and have fewer side effects than older treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

The assessment and management of tinea capitis in children.

Author: AliSamina, GrahamTimothy A D, ForgieSarah E D

Tinea capitis treatment
Side effects

Tinea capitis, a scalp and hair shaft infection caused by dermatophytes, can be challenging to diagnose clinically. Laboratory confirmation is essential before initiating treatment, as systemic antifungal therapy is required and can have potential side effects. Oral griseofulvin remains the standard treatment, with terbinafine and itraconazole as effective alternatives.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

The systemic treatment of onychomycosis.

Author: WenigJay A

Improved onychomycosis treatment
Side effects

Newer systemic treatments for fungal infections, such as itraconazole and terbinafine, offer improved cure rates and shorter treatment times with minimal side effects compared to griseofulvin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

[Tinea capitis. Therapeutic options in the post-griseofulvin era].

Author: MöhrenschlagerM, KortingH C, SeidlH P, RingJ, AbeckD

Tinea capitis treatment
Side effects

This review compares the effectiveness and safety of newer antifungal agents (itraconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine) with griseofulvin for treating tinea capitis in children. The newer agents appear to be equally or more effective and well-tolerated, suggesting they may be preferred over griseofulvin.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

8.

[Griseofulvin].

Author: DevelouxM

Dermatophytosis treatment
Tinea capitis treatment
Gastrointestinal reactions
Headaches
Skin eruptions

Griseofulvin is an oral antifungal agent used to treat dermatophytoses. It has a long history of use, but newer oral antifungal agents are now preferred for toenail infections. Griseofulvin is still the treatment of choice for tinea capitis, with good tolerability in children.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

9.

Spontaneous reports on drug-induced pancreatitis in Denmark from 1968 to 1999.

Author: AndersenV, SonneJ, AndersenM

Pancreatitis

Drug-induced pancreatitis is rarely reported, but the incidence may be increasing and the course is often serious.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

[Systemic terbinafine treatment of dermatophytoses in children].

Author: WilmerA, WollinaU

Cleared mycotic infections

Terbinafine was found to be an effective and safe treatment for dermatophytosis in children, with no reported side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

11.

The evolving role of itraconazole, fluconazole and terbinafine in the treatment of tinea capitis.

Author: FriedlanderS F

Treat tinea capitis
Tolerance

Itraconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine are promising alternative therapies for tinea capitis, showing efficacy and safety. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal therapy for pediatric tinea capitis infections.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Onychomycosis: recognition, diagnosis, and management.

Author: JaffeR

Fewer side effects
Higher cure rates

This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection. Newer systemic antifungals such as fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine have higher cure rates and fewer side effects than traditional agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Traditional management of onychomycosis.

Author: DanielC R

Onychomycosis treatment
Drug interactions
Side effects

The traditional management of onychomycosis includes mechanical, chemical, surgical, and topical and oral antifungal medications. Systemic agents, such as griseofulvin and ketoconazole, are often used for severe or recalcitrant infections, but these drugs require long treatment durations and have numerous side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Current therapy of dermatophytosis.

Author: DegreefH J, DeDonckerP R

High activity
Improved safety profile
Short-duration therapy
Long treatment periods
Serious side effects

New antifungal agents, including itraconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine, are effective and safe for treating dermatophyte infections with shorter treatment durations compared to traditional agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Tinea capitis: itraconazole in Trichophyton tonsurans infection.

Author: ElewskiB E

Tinea capitis cure

Itraconazole, a medication used to treat fungal infections, proved effective in treating tinea capitis (ringworm) in a 30-day trial involving three patients who had not responded to or could not tolerate griseofulvin therapy. No side effects were reported.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Cost-effectiveness analysis for onychomycosis therapy in Canada from a government perspective.

Author: EinarsonT R, ArikianS R, ShearN H

Cost-effectiveness
Onychomycosis treatment
Relapse

This economic analysis found that terbinafine is the most cost-effective treatment for onychomycosis of the fingernails and toenails.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

18.

Risk/benefit ratio of modern antifungal therapy: focus on hepatic reactions.

Author: HayR J

Antifungal Treatment
Gastrointestinal Upset
Headache
Liver Damage
Skin Reactions

This article reviews the risks and benefits of five oral antifungal drugs: griseofulvin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine. All of these drugs can cause minor gastrointestinal upset, headache, and skin reactions. Rarely, these drugs can cause reversible liver damage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Oral treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris with terbinafine and griseofulvin: a randomized double blind comparative study.

Author: VoravutinonV

Effective treatment
Low relapse rate
No serious side effects

Oral terbinafine was more effective than oral griseofulvin in treating tinea corporis or tinea cruris, with a significantly higher cure rate and lower relapse rate after 6 weeks.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

Double-blind, parallel-group comparison of terbinafine and griseofulvin in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.

Author: FaergemannJ, AndersonC, HersleK, HradilE, NordinP, KaamanT, MolinL, PetterssonA

Toenail onychomycosis treatment
Griseofulvin side effects
Terbinafine side effects

Terbinafine was significantly more effective than griseofulvin in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

The systemic treatment of onychomycosis.

Author: WenigJ A

Onychomycosis treatment

This study reviews the systemic treatment of fungal infections, focusing on onychomycosis. New agents for superficial fungal infections have been developed, offering potential improvements in cure rates, treatment times, and side effect profiles.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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