Main Research Findings

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widespread in Western countries, including Croatia, despite its unconfirmed effectiveness. , 3 CAM is often used for the treatment of respiratory, urinary, and musculoskeletal problems, as well as for the improvement of overall health conditions. 3 Herbalism is one of the most popular CAM modalities, used by 87% of the patients in the study from Čakovec, Croatia. 3 Patients often use CAM because they believe it will help them or because they want to try something new. 3 However, only a small proportion of patients report their CAM use to their family doctor, which may indicate poor communication between doctors and patients. 3

In Uganda, traditional medicine (TM) is a significant part of the healthcare system, especially in areas where Western medicine is limited. 4 Herbalism, spiritual counseling, and bone setting are the most common forms of TM practiced in the Nangabo sub-county. 4 Despite the widespread use of TM, many people prefer Western medicine due to beliefs that TM is evil or devilish. 4 However, some patients choose TM because they believe it is more effective or has fewer side effects than Western medicine. 4 There is a need for the Ugandan government to legitimize the practice of TM and for further research into the efficacy and safety of traditional medicines. 4

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of herbalism can vary depending on the type of herb, the dosage, and the individual's sensitivity. 4 Some herbs can interact with medications or have adverse effects during pregnancy.

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal problems

Some herbal remedies can cause gastrointestinal issues such as stomach discomfort, nausea, diarrhea, or constipation. 8 This might happen because certain ingredients irritate the digestive system or disrupt the balance of gut bacteria.

Allergic reactions

Allergic reactions to herbs can occur, causing symptoms like skin rashes, itching, or even difficulty breathing. 4 It's crucial to be aware of potential allergies and seek medical advice before using herbal remedies.

Liver and kidney effects

Some herbs may potentially harm the liver and kidneys. 4 Individuals with existing liver or kidney conditions should be cautious and consult their doctor before using herbal remedies.

Other side effects

Other potential side effects of herbalism can include headaches, dizziness, sleep disturbances, and mood changes. 4

Side Effect Countermeasures

Consultation with a doctor

Consulting a doctor before using any herbal remedy is essential. 4 They can evaluate your health condition, assess potential interactions with existing medications, and advise on appropriate herbal choices.

Choosing high-quality herbs

Prioritizing high-quality herbs is crucial. 4 Purchase from reputable suppliers and always follow the label instructions.

Appropriate dosage

Always stick to the recommended dosage for herbs. 4 Never exceed the suggested amount without consulting a doctor.

Monitoring side effects

Be vigilant in observing any signs of side effects while using herbal remedies. 4 If you experience any unusual symptoms, discontinue use and seek medical advice immediately.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Research

The studies agree that CAM, including herbalism, is widely used. , 3 , 4 , 2 People often choose CAM for conditions they believe Western medicine cannot address or when they are dissatisfied with conventional treatment. 3 Additionally, CAM is frequently used alongside Western medicine. 2 , 3 , Many patients hold the belief that CAM is more effective or has fewer side effects than Western medicine. 4

Differences in Research

Research findings on the safety and efficacy of herbalism vary. 4 , 7 , 5 This variability is likely due to factors like the type of herb used, the dosage, the study design, and the characteristics of the participants.

Precautions for Applying to Real Life

Always be mindful of the potential side effects of herbalism and consult your doctor before using any remedies. 4 , 7 , 5 Herbalism should be considered as a complementary approach to Western medicine, not a replacement. 2 , 3 , When contemplating the use of herbal remedies, discuss it thoroughly with your doctor or pharmacist, and ensure you are obtaining herbs from reliable sources. 4 , 7 , 5

Limitations of Current Research

More research is needed to fully understand the safety and efficacy of herbalism. 4 , 7 , 5 Long-term safety and efficacy studies are particularly lacking. 4 , 7 , 5 Moreover, the diversity of herbs and their ingredients can lead to varying results across different studies, depending on the research design and participant characteristics. 4 , 7 , 5

Future Research Directions

Further research into the safety and efficacy of herbalism is crucial. 4 , 7 , 5 This includes studies on long-term safety and efficacy, herb interactions, and detailed analysis of herb ingredients. 4 , 7 , 5 Additionally, understanding how herbalism interacts with Western medicine requires further investigation. 2 , 3 ,

Conclusion

While herbalism is widely used globally, its safety and efficacy remain areas needing more research. , 3 , 4 , 2 It's crucial to be aware of potential side effects and consult your doctor before using any herbal remedy. 4 , 7 , 5 Remember, herbalism should be used as a complementary approach to Western medicine, not a replacement. 2 , 3 , If you're considering using herbal remedies, have an open dialogue with your doctor or pharmacist, and ensure you're obtaining herbs from trustworthy sources. 4 , 7 , 5