Effective treatment of hip injuries and disorders: A Synthesis of Findings from 13 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a major public health concern. It is a leading risk factor for death and cardiovascular disease worldwide. 12 Many patients with hypertension in the community frequently fail to meet their treatment goals, a condition labeled as "uncontrolled" hypertension. 9 , 8 , 4 , 3 , 6 . The optimal way to organize and deliver care to hypertensive patients has not been clearly identified. 9 , 8 , 4 , 3 , 6 . Lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and weight loss, are recommended as the initial treatment strategy for lowering high blood pressure (BP). 2 . However, evidence for the efficacy of exercise and weight loss in the management of high BP remains controversial. 2 . Research has shown that exercise and weight loss can reduce blood pressure in men and women with mild hypertension. 2 .

Treatment Summary

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommends that clinicians consider the use of multidrug therapy to increase the likelihood of achieving blood pressure goals.. However, little is known about recent patterns of combination antihypertensive therapy use in patients being initiated on hypertension treatment..

Drug treatment of high blood pressure has been shown to reduce the associated cardiovascular risk. 1 . Stroke represents the type of event more strongly linked with high blood pressure, responsible for a high rate of death or invalidity, and with the highest proportion of events that can be avoided by treatment. 1 . Hypertensive patients with a history of cerebrovascular accident are at particularly high risk of recurrence. 1 . Specific trials of blood pressure lowering drugs in stroke survivors showed inconclusive results in the past. 1 .

Self-management of hypertension is crucial for achieving treatment goals. 13 . However, fewer than half of the patients with hypertension receiving pharmacological treatment have adequate blood pressure control. 13 . The main reasons for this are therapeutic inertia, lack of adherence to treatment, and unhealthy lifestyle (i.e. excess dietary fat and salt, sedentary lifestyle, and overweight). 13 . Cardiovascular risk and mortality are greater in hypertensive patients who are receiving treatment but have suboptimal control of blood pressure. 13 . Multifactorial interventions to improve blood pressure control include improving providers' adherence to hypertension guidelines. 7 .

Very high blood pressure during pregnancy poses a serious threat to women and their babies. 11 , 5 . The aim of antihypertensive therapy is to lower blood pressure quickly but safely, to avoid complications. 11 . Antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure, but their comparative effectiveness and safety, and impact on other substantive outcomes are uncertain. 11 , 5 .

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Treatment of high blood pressure can reduce cardiovascular risk and decrease the risk of death and disability. 1 It can help prevent strokes. 1 .

Risks Summary

Antihypertensive drugs carry the risk of side effects. 11 , 5 . Poor adherence to treatment can lead to suboptimal blood pressure control and increased cardiovascular risk. 13 .

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Many studies emphasize the importance of treating high blood pressure. 12 , 9 , 8 , 2 , , 1 , 13 , 7 , 4 , 3 , 6 , 11 , 5 . Various treatment approaches are explored, such as lifestyle modification, drug therapy, and self-management. 2 , , 13 , 7 , 11 .

Differences in Studies

Each study varies in terms of the patient population, treatment methods, and study designs. For example, the effectiveness of exercise and weight loss has not been consistent across studies. 2 . Further research is needed on the effects of antihypertensive drugs for pregnant women with high blood pressure. 11 , 5 .

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

While many studies agree on the importance of treating high blood pressure, the effectiveness and safety of different treatment methods remain unclear. More research is needed to clarify these aspects.

Implications for Real-Life Applications

Treatment of hypertension requires a combination of patient lifestyle modifications and appropriate medical intervention. 13 . To achieve treatment goals, it's important to follow your doctor's instructions, monitor your blood pressure regularly, and maintain a healthy lifestyle. 13 .

Limitations of Current Research

Current research faces challenges in comparing results due to variations in patient populations, study designs, and treatment methods. Long-term treatment effects and impact on quality of life are not fully explored.

Future Research Directions

To better understand the effectiveness and safety of hypertension treatment, larger studies and long-term follow-up are needed. More practical research is also required, focusing on combining patient lifestyle changes with appropriate medical intervention.

Conclusion

High blood pressure is a serious risk factor for death and cardiovascular disease, making appropriate treatment essential. Research has explored various treatment approaches, including lifestyle modifications and drug therapy. However, uncertainties remain regarding treatment effectiveness and safety, necessitating further investigation. Remember to follow your doctor's instructions and maintain a healthy lifestyle to manage hypertension effectively.

Treatment List

Lifestyle modifications (exercise, weight loss, diet) 2 , multidrug therapy , self-management (self-management of antihypertensive medication, self-measurement of blood pressure, hypocaloric and low sodium diet, physical exercise) 13 , adherence to hypertension guidelines 7 , antihypertensive drugs 11 , 5 .

Literature analysis of 13 papers
Positive Content
12
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
4
9
8
7
13
1.

Effect of antihypertensive treatment in patients having already suffered from stroke. Gathering the evidence. The INDANA (INdividual Data ANalysis of Antihypertensive intervention trials) Project Collaborators.

Author: GueyffierF, BoisselJ P, BoutitieF, PocockS, CoopeJ, CutlerJ, EkbomT, FagardR, FriedmanL, KerlikowskeK, PerryM, PrineasR, SchronE

Reduced cardiovascular risk

Treating high blood pressure has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems. Stroke, which can cause death or disability, is particularly linked to high blood pressure and is among the most preventable complications. People who have already had a stroke are at higher risk of having another one. Past studies on lowering blood pressure in stroke survivors have had inconclusive results.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Exercise and weight loss reduce blood pressure in men and women with mild hypertension: effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, and hemodynamic functioning.

Author: BlumenthalJ A, SherwoodA, GulletteE C, BabyakM, WaughR, GeorgiadesA, CraigheadL W, TweedyD, FeinglosM, AppelbaumM, HayanoJ, HinderliterA

Improved metabolic functioning
Increased cardiac output
Reduced blood pressure
Reduced peripheral resistance

Aerobic exercise combined with weight loss is recommended for the management of elevated BP in sedentary, overweight individuals.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Author: FaheyT, SchroederK, EbrahimS

Hypertension treatment
Uncontrolled hypertension

Many people with high blood pressure (hypertension) don't reach their treatment goals, a situation known as uncontrolled hypertension. There's no clear consensus on the best way to organize and deliver care to help these patients reach their goals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

4.

Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Author: FaheyT, SchroederK, EbrahimS

Improved hypertension treatment
Hypertension

Many people with high blood pressure don't reach their treatment goals, a situation called uncontrolled hypertension. There's no clear agreement on the best way to organize and deliver care to help these patients achieve their goals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Drugs for treatment of very high blood pressure during pregnancy.

Author: DuleyL, Henderson-SmartD J, MeherS

Fewer side effects
Lower persistent high blood pressure
Caesarean section
Higher risk of eclampsia
Higher risk of persistent high blood pressure
Hypotension
Respiratory difficulties

The choice of antihypertensive drug for very high blood pressure during pregnancy should depend on the clinician's experience and familiarity with the drug. Diazoxide, ketanserin, nimodipine, and magnesium sulfate should probably be avoided.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

6.

Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Author: FaheyT, SchroederK, EbrahimS

Improved hypertension treatment
Hypertension

Many people with high blood pressure don't reach their treatment goals, a situation known as uncontrolled hypertension. There's no clear consensus on the best way to organize and deliver care to help these patients reach their goals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

A multifaceted intervention to improve blood pressure control: The Guideline Adherence for Heart Health (GLAD) study.

Author: BondsDenise E, HoganPatricia E, BertoniAlain G, ChenHaiying, ClinchC Randall, HiottAnn E, RosenbergerErica L, GoffDavid C

Improved BP control

High blood pressure is a major cause of illness and death, but many people don't reach their blood pressure goals. This study examines the effects of a multi-faceted intervention aimed at improving how doctors follow high blood pressure guidelines in primary care settings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Author: GlynnLiam G, MurphyAndrew W, SmithSusan M, SchroederKnut, FaheyTom

Improved blood pressure control
Lower mortality

An organized system of regular review and vigorous antihypertensive drug therapy reduced blood pressure and mortality. Self-monitoring, educational interventions, and appointment reminder systems may be useful adjuncts to improve blood pressure control.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

9.

Self-monitoring and other non-pharmacological interventions to improve the management of hypertension in primary care: a systematic review.

Author: GlynnLiam G, MurphyAndrew W, SmithSusan M, SchroederKnut, FaheyTom

Reduced blood pressure
Reduced mortality

This systematic review found that self-monitoring was associated with net reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension. An organised system of regular review allied to vigorous antihypertensive drug therapy was shown to reduce blood pressure and all-cause mortality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

10.

Combination therapy as initial treatment for newly diagnosed hypertension.

Author: ByrdJames B, ZengChan, TavelHeather M, MagidDavid J, O'ConnorPatrick J, MargolisKaren L, SelbyJoe V, HoP Michael

Blood pressure control

Guidelines recommend using multiple medications to increase the chances of controlling high blood pressure. However, we lack information on how often doctors prescribe combinations of blood pressure medications when starting new treatment for hypertension.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

11.

Drugs for treatment of very high blood pressure during pregnancy.

Author: DuleyLelia, MeherShireen, JonesLeanne

Blood pressure reduction

Very high blood pressure during pregnancy can be dangerous for both mother and baby. While medications are used to lower blood pressure quickly and safely, there's uncertainty about which medications work best, their safety, and how they affect other pregnancy outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

Association of Blood Pressure Lowering With Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Across Blood Pressure Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: BrunströmMattias, CarlbergBo

Reduced CVD risk
Reduced death risk
BP level dependence

Lowering blood pressure (BP) is associated with a reduced risk of death and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with baseline systolic BP (SBP) of 140 mm Hg or higher. This benefit was most pronounced in those with SBP of 160 mm Hg or above, where treatment was associated with a substantial reduction in major cardiovascular events. However, at lower BP levels, treatment was not associated with any benefit in primary prevention. In patients with previous coronary heart disease (CHD), treatment was associated with a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events, but not with survival.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

13.

Effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention, consisting of self-management of antihypertensive medication, self-measurement of blood pressure, hypocaloric and low sodium diet, and physical exercise, in patients with uncontrolled hypertension taking 2 or more antihypertensive drugs: The MEDICHY study.

Author: Unda VillafuerteFabián, Llobera CànavesJoan, Lorente MontalvoPatricia, Moreno SanchoMaría Lucía, Oliver OliverBartolomé, Bassante FloresPatricia, Estela MantolanAndreu, Pou BordoyJoan, Rodríguez RuizTomás, Requena HernándezAna, LeivaAlfonso, Torrent QuetglasMatíes, Coll BenejamJosé María, D'Agosto FortezaPilar, Rigo CarratalàFernando,

Hypertension treatment

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease, leading to serious health problems and death. While medication can help control blood pressure, less than half of people with high blood pressure reach their target. This is due to factors like delayed treatment, not taking medication as prescribed, and unhealthy habits (like eating too much fat and salt, not exercising enough, and being overweight). People with high blood pressure who are on medication but whose blood pressure isn't well-controlled have a higher risk of heart disease and death.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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