Causes of intestinal cancer: A Synthesis of Findings from 12 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

This collection of research papers explored various factors contributing to intestinal cancer. The studies highlight the significant roles of genetics, diet, inflammation, and lifestyle in the development of this disease. For instance, found that a specific gene polymorphism, GSTM1, is linked to an increased risk of intestinal cancer. Furthermore, suggested that a diet resembling the Western-style diet 1 (NWD1) could potentially elevate the risk of intestinal cancer. Additionally, discovered that a particular polymorphism in the CDKN2A/B gene is associated with a higher risk of colon and gastric cancer.

Reasons for the Causes

The development of intestinal cancer is likely a result of complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetic mutations can disrupt the functions of genes responsible for regulating cell growth and differentiation, potentially increasing the risk of intestinal cancer. Chronic inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, can contribute to the development of cancer cells due to the repeated cycles of cell damage and repair in the intestinal lining. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and lack of physical activity, can further amplify the risk of developing intestinal cancer.

Common Causes

Genetics

Genetic mutations can increase the risk of intestinal cancer. For example, showed a correlation between the GSTM1 gene polymorphism and an elevated risk of intestinal cancer. Similarly, identified a link between the CDKN2A/B gene polymorphism and a higher risk of colon and gastric cancer. Furthermore, suggested that inherited diseases like familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome are associated with an increased risk of intestinal cancer.

Diet

Dietary habits can significantly impact the development of intestinal cancer. indicated that a diet resembling the Western-style diet 1 (NWD1) could potentially increase the risk of intestinal cancer. Additionally, suggested a correlation between the consumption of certain plant chemicals and the risk of intestinal cancer. Furthermore, 9 proposed that a vegetarian diet could potentially reduce the risk of intestinal cancer.

Inflammation

Chronic inflammation can contribute to the risk of developing intestinal cancer. For instance, 4 suggested that chronic inflammation of the intestinal lining (mucosa) might be linked to intestinal cancer. Additionally, highlighted the potential of chronic inflammation, like inflammatory bowel disease, to increase the risk of intestinal cancer. Furthermore, indicated that inflammation in the intestinal mucosa is potentially connected to the risk of intestinal cancer.

Lifestyle

Lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and lack of physical activity can amplify the risk of developing intestinal cancer. For example, 7 found a correlation between abdominal adiposity and an elevated risk of intestinal cancer. Additionally, suggested that smoking may increase the risk of intestinal cancer. Moreover, indicated that chronic diseases related to lifestyle could potentially increase the risk of developing intestinal cancer.

Measures to Address the Causes

Measures for Genetics

Currently, the only ways to reduce the risk of intestinal cancer related to genetic mutations are through early detection via genetic testing and taking preventative actions. Genetic testing can help identify individuals at higher risk of developing intestinal cancer. Those identified as high-risk can take steps to reduce their risk, such as regular screenings and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Measures for Diet

Improving dietary habits is crucial in reducing the risk of intestinal cancer. 9 suggested that a vegetarian diet could potentially reduce the risk of intestinal cancer. Additionally, suggested a link between consuming certain plant chemicals and the risk of intestinal cancer. Therefore, it is important to consume a diet rich in plant-based foods like vegetables and fruits while limiting processed foods and animal fats.

Measures for Inflammation

Managing inflammation is critical in reducing the risk of intestinal cancer. 4 suggested that chronic inflammation of the intestinal lining could contribute to intestinal cancer. Therefore, it is essential to adopt lifestyle habits that help manage inflammation, such as avoiding inflammatory foods, reducing stress, and ensuring sufficient sleep.

Measures for Lifestyle

Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and lack of physical activity are lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of intestinal cancer. Therefore, maintaining healthy habits like quitting smoking, consuming alcohol in moderation, engaging in regular physical activity, and following a balanced diet are crucial.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Several studies have shown that genetic mutations, diet, inflammation, and lifestyle are linked to the risk of developing intestinal cancer. These factors likely play complex roles in the development of this disease.

Differences in Studies

Each study has identified different factors that influence the risk of intestinal cancer and the extent of their influence. For instance, demonstrated a link between the GSTM1 gene polymorphism and the risk of intestinal cancer, while indicated an association between the CDKN2A/B gene polymorphism and the risk of colon and gastric cancer. These studies show that different genes can be associated with the risk of developing intestinal cancer.

Considerations for Real-Life Applications

The findings of these studies emphasize the importance of genetic testing, dietary modifications, inflammation management, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle in reducing the risk of intestinal cancer. However, these measures do not guarantee complete prevention of intestinal cancer. Furthermore, the risk of developing intestinal cancer varies depending on individual genetics, lifestyle habits, and environmental factors. Therefore, it is crucial to consider these research findings and take appropriate measures tailored to individual needs.

Limitations of Current Research

This body of research investigated various factors to understand the causes of intestinal cancer. However, it is likely that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the development of this disease. This research was unable to comprehensively investigate all these factors. Additionally, the research involved a relatively small number of participants. Therefore, further research is needed to generalize the findings of these studies.

Future Research Directions

Further research is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind intestinal cancer. Particularly crucial is the investigation of how multiple factors interact to influence the development of this disease. Moreover, research on new genes, diets, medications, and other factors is essential for the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies for intestinal cancer.

Conclusion

This research identified genetics, diet, inflammation, and lifestyle as potential causes of intestinal cancer. These factors are likely to play complex roles in the development of this disease. To mitigate the risk of intestinal cancer, genetic testing, dietary modifications, inflammation management, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are essential. However, these measures cannot completely prevent the development of intestinal cancer. The risk of developing intestinal cancer varies depending on individual genetics, lifestyle habits, and environmental factors. Therefore, it is essential to consult these research findings and take appropriate measures tailored to individual needs.

Literature analysis of 12 papers
Positive Content
6
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
5
Article Type
4
0
1
2
12
1.

Irritable bowel syndrome treatment using pinaverium bromide as a calcium channel blocker. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Author: AwadR, DibildoxM, OrtizF

Irritable bowel syndrome is a major cause of missed work. As there is currently no effective treatment, sufferers often seek help from multiple doctors and try various medications over long periods. This has significant economic and social implications for families and workplaces.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rifaximin to prevent travelers' diarrhea.

Author: DuPontHerbert L, JiangZhi-Dong, OkhuysenPablo C, EricssonCharles D, de la CabadaFrancisco Javier, KeShi, DuPontMargaret W, Martinez-SandovalFrancisco

Travelers' diarrhea prevention

Rifaximin, a nonabsorbable antibiotic, was effective in preventing travelers’ diarrhea in Mexico. It provided 72% protection against travelers’ diarrhea and 77% protection against antibiotic-treated travelers’ diarrhea.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine controlled-release in irritable bowel syndrome.

Author: MasandPrakash S, PaeChi-Un, KrulewiczStan, PeindlKathleen, MannelliPaolo, VariaIndu M, PatkarAshwin A

The study did not demonstrate a statistically significant benefit for paroxetine-CR over placebo on the primary outcome measure, although there was improvement in secondary outcome measures. Overall, paroxetine-CR seems to have potential benefit in IBS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Mucosal inflammation as a potential etiological factor in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review.

Author: FordAlexander C, TalleyNicholas J

IBS Treatment

Mast cell activation may be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Assessment of the effectiveness and safety of ethosuximide in the treatment of abdominal pain related to irritable bowel syndrome - IBSET: protocol of a randomised, parallel, controlled, double-blind and multicentre trial.

Author: KerckhoveNicolas, ScanziJulien, PereiraBruno, ArdidDenis, DapoignyMichel

IBS treatment

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder causing chronic abdominal pain and bowel problems. While IBS isn't life-threatening, it significantly affects quality of life and is costly to manage. Current treatments are not very effective, and the exact causes of IBS are unknown. Recent research suggests that a type of channel in the nervous system, called a T-type channel, may play a role in IBS pain. This study aims to investigate whether ethosuximide, a medication that blocks T-type channels, can help relieve abdominal pain in people with IBS.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

A large prospective study of risk factors for adenocarcinomas and malignant carcinoid tumors of the small intestine.

Author: CrossAmanda J, HollenbeckAlbert R, ParkYikyung

Small intestine cancer

Age was the only risk factor for small intestinal adenocarcinomas, while age, male sex, BMI, and menopausal hormone therapy use were positively associated with malignant carcinoids.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.

Language : English

7.

Comparison of abdominal adiposity and overall obesity in relation to risk of small intestinal cancer in a European Prospective Cohort.

Author: LuYunxia, CrossAmanda J, MurphyNeil, FreislingHeinz, TravisRuth C, FerrariPietro, KatzkeVerena A, KaaksRudolf, OlssonÅsa, JohanssonIngegerd, RenströmFrida, PanicoSalvatore, PalaValeria, PalliDomenico, TuminoRosario, PeetersPetra H, SiersemaPeter D, Bueno-de-MesquitaH B, TrichopoulouAntonia, KlinakiEleni, TsironisChristos, AgudoAntonio, NavarroCarmen, SánchezMaría-José, BarricarteAurelio, Boutron-RuaultMarie-Christine, FagherazziGuy, RacineAntoine, WeiderpassElisabete, GunterMarc J, RiboliElio

Abdominal obesity

A large prospective study found that abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference, may be positively associated with adenocarcinomas, but not carcinoid tumors, of the small intestine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Targeted expression of oncogenic K-ras in intestinal epithelium causes spontaneous tumorigenesis in mice.

Author: JanssenKlaus-Peter, el-MarjouFatima, PintoDaniel, SastreXavier, RouillardDany, FouquetCoralie, SoussiThierry, LouvardDaniel, RobineSylvie

Tumor progression

Transgenic mice expressing K-ras(V12G) in intestinal epithelial cells developed intestinal lesions ranging from aberrant crypt foci to invasive adenocarcinomas. The tumors were frequently characterized by deregulated cellular proliferation and spontaneous mutation of the tumor-suppressor gene p53.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Vegetarianism, dietary fibre and gastro-intestinal disease.

Author: NairP, MayberryJ F

High-fiber diet benefits
Vegetarianism health benefits

Vegetarians have a lower incidence of gastro-intestinal cancer, gallstones, diverticular disease, and constipation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Crohn's disease-specific mortality: a 30-year cohort study at a tertiary referral center in Japan.

Author: YasukawaShigeyoshi, MatsuiToshiyuki, YanoYutaka, SatoYuho, TakadaYasumichi, KishiMasahiro, OnoYoichiro, TakatsuNoritaka, NagahamaTakashi, HisabeTakashi, HiraiFumihito, YaoKenshi, UekiToshiharu, HigashiDaijiro, FutamiKitaro, SouSuketo, SakuraiToshihiro, YaoTsuneyoshi, TanabeHiroshi, IwashitaAkinori, WashioMasakazu

Amyloidosis
High mortality
Intestinal cancer
Intestinal failure
Perioperative complications

Crohn’s disease (CD) patients had significantly lower survival rates than the general population, with a high standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes and CD-specific causes. Especially high SMRs were seen for intestinal cancer, intestinal failure, perioperative complications, and amyloidosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Trends in cancer mortality in 15 industrialized countries, 1969-1986.

Author: HoelD G, DavisD L, MillerA B, SondikE J, SwerdlowA J

Cancer incidence decrease
Cancer mortality decrease

Cancer mortality in industrialized countries has increased for lung, breast, and prostate cancers, while stomach cancer mortality has declined.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

Recent trends in the morbidity and mortality in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: a retrospective single institutional study in Japan.

Author: MoriYoshiko, AmanoKunihiko, ChikataniKenichi, ItoTetsuya, SuzukiOkihide, KamaeNao, HatanoSatoshi, ChikaNoriyasu, YamamotoAzusa, IshibashiKeiichiro, EguchiHidetaka, OkazakiYasushi, IwamaTakeo, IshidaHideyuki

Improved prognosis
Extra-colonic tumors
High mortality

This study found that the mortality ratio in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) remained high, with colorectal cancer (CRC) being the leading cause of death. Almost half of the deaths were due to extra-colonic tumors, suggesting that lifelong management of extra-colonic diseases may improve the prognosis for these patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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