Side Effects of ipratropium oral inhalation: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Ipratropium bromide is a common medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Research has shown that ipratropium bromide can dilate the airways, improving respiratory function. 3 , 4 , 12 , 2 Ipratropium bromide has also been shown to be effective in treating asthma. 11 , 8 On the other hand, it has also been shown that ipratropium bromide can cause some side effects. 3 , 1 , 6 These side effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and dizziness.

Reasons for side effects

Ipratropium bromide works by blocking muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are found in various organs, such as the airways, salivary glands, and digestive tract. By blocking these receptors, ipratropium bromide relaxes the airways, inhibits saliva secretion, and suppresses digestive tract peristalsis, which can cause constipation.

Common side effects

Dry mouth

The most common side effect of ipratropium bromide is dry mouth. 4 , 1 , 2 This is because ipratropium bromide blocks muscarinic receptors in the salivary glands, inhibiting saliva secretion.

Constipation

Ipratropium bromide can cause constipation. 1 This is because ipratropium bromide blocks muscarinic receptors in the digestive tract, suppressing peristalsis.

Blurred vision

Ipratropium bromide can cause blurred vision. 1 This is because ipratropium bromide blocks muscarinic receptors in the eyes, causing pupillary dilation.

Dizziness

Ipratropium bromide can cause dizziness. 1 This is because ipratropium bromide blocks muscarinic receptors in the inner ear, disrupting balance.

Side effects management

Dry mouth

Dry mouth can be improved by drinking plenty of fluids. Chewing gum or candy, rinsing the mouth with water, or sucking on ice can also be effective. 4

Constipation

Constipation can be improved by eating a diet rich in fiber. Drinking plenty of fluids is also important. If constipation does not improve, consult your doctor. 1

Blurred vision

Blurred vision usually improves when ipratropium bromide use is discontinued. If blurred vision persists, consult your doctor. 1

Dizziness

Dizziness usually improves when ipratropium bromide use is discontinued. If dizziness persists, consult your doctor. 1

Comparison across studies

Research similarities

Most studies have shown that ipratropium bromide improves respiratory function and reduces COPD symptoms. 3 , 4 , 12 , 2 It is also generally safe and the side effects are mild.

Research differences

The effectiveness of ipratropium bromide may vary from person to person. 3 The method of administering ipratropium bromide may also affect its effectiveness. 1

Cautions for real-life application

Ipratropium bromide is an effective medication for treating COPD and asthma. However, it is important to remember that ipratropium bromide can have some side effects. 3 , 1 , 6 When using ipratropium bromide, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions and be aware of any potential side effects. 3 , 1 , 6

Current research limitations

Research on the long-term effects of ipratropium bromide is still insufficient. 13 Further research is also needed on interactions between ipratropium bromide and other medications.

Future research directions

Research is needed on the long-term effects of ipratropium bromide and interactions with other medications. 13 Further research is also needed on the optimal method of administering ipratropium bromide.

Conclusion

Ipratropium bromide is an effective medication for treating COPD and asthma. However, it is important to remember that ipratropium bromide can have some side effects. 3 , 1 , 6 When using ipratropium bromide, it is important to follow your doctor’s instructions and be aware of any potential side effects. 3 , 1 , 6

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
12
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
6
0
0
1
14
1.

[On the problem of Side Effects of Anticholinergic Drugs Depending on the Route of Application/Inhalation versus intravenous injection of ipratropiumbromide].

Author: BleichertA

Salivary secretion control
Dry mouth

Ipratropiumbromide did not influence stimulated salivary secretion at doses up to 2.4 mg by inhalation. Dryness of the mouth was observed by some volunteers following the maximum dose.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

2.

Tiotropium bromide, a new, once-daily inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator for chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease.

Author: ZuWallackAlicia R, ZuWallackRichard L

Improved lung function
Reduced dyspnoea
Reduced exacerbations
Dry mouth

Tiotropium bromide is a long-acting drug used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It helps open up airways, improving breathing and reducing shortness of breath. It has fewer side effects than other similar medications and can also reduce the number of COPD flare-ups.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

An oral selective M3 cholinergic receptor antagonist in COPD.

Author: LuS, ParekhD D, KuznetsovaO, GreenS A, TozziC A, ReissT F

Improved lung function
Reduced COPD symptoms
Less effective than inhaled
Side effects

This study compared an oral muscarinic M3-selective anticholinergic agent (OrM3) with an inhaled anticholinergic agent in patients with COPD. While OrM3 showed a dose-related improvement in lung function, the incidence of side effects exceeded those observed for inhaled ipratropium. This study concluded that OrM3 did not offer a therapeutic advantage over inhaled ipratropium in patients with COPD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Response to Duovent of chronic reversible airways obstruction--a controlled trial in general practice.

Author: MortonO

Reduced cough
Reduced night wakings
Reduced wheeze
Respiratory function improvement
Dry mouth

Duovent, a combination inhaler, improved respiratory function in patients with chronic reversible airway obstruction compared to their existing metered dose inhaler. It reduced daytime cough, nighttime wheeze, and night wakings, with mild side effects, primarily dry mouth.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Comparison of risk of neurovascular and cardiovascular side effects between tiotropium and other anticholinergic agents.

Author: AlzayerReem, HughesJeffery, ParsonsRichard, LeeYa Ping

Cardiovascular risk
Neurovascular risk

Inhaled anticholinergic drugs were associated with a higher risk of neurovascular or cardiovascular side effects compared to oral anticholinergic drugs, except for stroke and hypertension. However, oral anticholinergic drugs also had potential adverse impacts on health.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Common cold and high-dose ipratropium bromide: use of anticholinergic medication as an indicator of reflex-mediated hypersecretion.

Author: OstbergB, WintherB, BorumP, MygindN

Reduced nasal discharge
Dryness

Ipratropium bromide significantly reduced nasal discharge in patients with colds, primarily targeting watery secretions.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Combined treatment with ipratropium bromide and beta-2-adrenoceptor agonists in childhood asthma.

Author: BrattebyL E, FoucardT, LönnerholmG

Asthma protection
Improved lung function

Adding ipratropium bromide to beta-2-adrenoceptor agonists in asthmatic children significantly improved pulmonary function in the acute phase of the study. However, maintenance treatment with ipratropium bromide did not provide additional benefit over beta-stimulants alone. Further research is needed to investigate the potential benefits of higher ipratropium bromide doses for chronic asthma.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Nebulized fentanyl for respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19 (ventanyl trial).

Author: ShaikhNissar, KhatibMohamad Y, WraidatMohammad A Al, MohamedAhmed S, Al-AssafAnood A, TharayilAbdul Gafoor M, AbujaberAhmad A, NashwanAbdulqadir J

Treat COVID-19 symptoms

This proposed phase-III clinical trial aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of nebulized fentanyl citrate in suppressing cough, improving breathlessness, and relieving throat pain in patients with COVID-19.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

The effects of the combination of inhaled ipratropium and oral theophylline in asthma.

Author: BurkiN K

Additive effect of ipratropium

This study investigates the effects of combined treatment with ipratropium and theophylline in patients with asthma.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Effects of theophylline and ipratropium bromide on exercise performance in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Author: TsukinoM, NishimuraK, IkedaA, HajiroT, KoyamaH, IzumiT

Improved exercise performance
Controversial effects

The effects of theophylline and inhaled anticholinergic agents on exercise capacity in patients with COPD are controversial. This study aimed to compare the effects of oral theophylline and inhaled anticholinergics on exercise performance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Aseptic femoral head necrosis in a patient receiving long term courses of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids.

Author: KarkouliasKiriakos, CharokoposNikos, KaparianosAlexander, SampsonasFotis, TsiamitaMaria, SpiropoulosKostas

Asthma treatment
Avascular necrosis

A rare case of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head associated with long-term inhaled fluticasone propionate and intranasal triamcinolone acetonide is reported. While fluticasone is generally considered safer than other inhaled steroids due to its lower systemic bioavailability, potential systemic side effects like adrenal insufficiency, growth suppression, glaucoma, and osteoporosis remain a concern.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

[Efficiency of nebulised magnesium sulphate in infective exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Author: CömertŞule, KıyanEsen, OkumuşGülfer, ArsevenOrhan, EceTurhan, İşseverHalim

Reduced dyspnea
Safe
None reported

Nebulized magnesium sulfate (MS) is a safe and effective add-on treatment for patients with COPD exacerbations. In a randomized controlled trial of 20 patients, MS led to a significant improvement in dyspnea scores and peak expiratory flow rates compared to placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Turkish

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