Effective treatment of kaposi sarcoma: A Synthesis of Findings from 19 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that affects the blood vessels. It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). KS is more common in people with HIV, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. 11 2 8

A study in Tanzania showed that chemotherapy is effective in treating KS in children and adolescents. 11 Another study in Peru found that paclitaxel is a common first-line treatment for KS. 2 In Kenya, paclitaxel and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin are considered the most effective treatments for KS but are not commonly used due to limited availability and high cost. 5

Research suggests that paclitaxel is an effective and safe treatment option for advanced classic KS. 3 A combination therapy of cryotherapy followed by topical imiquimod may be an effective and relatively low-risk treatment for limited, cutaneous KS. 4 Nicotine patches might be effective in treating KS due to their immunologic and vascular effects. 15 Pomalidomide, an oral immunomodulatory derivative of thalidomide, has shown promising results in treating KS. 9

Treatment Summary

Treatment for KS includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, electrochemotherapy, and cryotherapy. 3 Paclitaxel has been shown to be an effective and safe treatment for classic KS. 3 A combination of cryotherapy and topical imiquimod may be an effective and relatively low-risk treatment option for limited, cutaneous KS. 4

A study in Tanzania showed that chemotherapy is effective in treating KS in children and adolescents. 11 Another study in Peru found that paclitaxel is a common first-line treatment for KS. 2 In Kenya, paclitaxel and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin are considered the most effective treatments for KS but are not commonly used due to limited availability and high cost. 5

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Treatment for KS can improve KS symptoms and extend life expectancy. 11 2

Risks Summary

Treatment for KS can have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, low white blood cell count, and nerve damage. 11 3

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Many studies indicate that treatment for KS is effective. 11 2 All studies highlight the need for effective treatment options for KS. 11 2

Differences in Studies

The drugs and treatment methods used to treat KS differ across studies. 11 2 5 The frequency and severity of side effects also vary among the studies. 11 3

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Many studies show that KS treatment is effective. 11 2 However, the drugs and treatment methods used to treat KS differ across studies. 11 2 5

Considerations for Real-Life Application

KS treatment should always be under the supervision of a doctor. 11 2 Consult your doctor to select the appropriate treatment plan. 11 2 If you experience any side effects, report them to your doctor immediately. 11 3

Limitations of Current Research

There is still much research to be done regarding KS treatment. 11 2 Future research on KS treatment is needed. 11 2

Directions for Future Research

Future research on KS treatment should aim to clarify the following: 11 2

  • The optimal drugs and treatment methods for KS
  • The frequency and severity of side effects from KS treatment
  • Methods to maintain the long-term effectiveness of KS treatment

Conclusion

KS is a common cancer among people with HIV, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. 11 2 Treatment for KS includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, electrochemotherapy, and cryotherapy. 3 KS treatment should be done under the supervision of a doctor. 11 2

Treatment List

Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, electrochemotherapy, cryotherapy, paclitaxel, topical imiquimod, timolol, alitretinoin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, nicotine patches, pomalidomide, itraconazole, thalidomide, acitretin

Literature analysis of 19 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
3
1
2
4
17
4.

Efficacy of immunotherapy with combination of cryotherapy and topical imiquimod for treatment of Kaposi sarcoma.

Author: GuLilly, LinErica, LiuShuaitong, YangNing, KurtanskyNicholas, NeumannNeil M, StollJoseph, LezcanoCecilia, PulitzerMelissa, NoorSarah, MarkovaAlina, RossiAnthony, DicksonMark A, DengLiang

Improved Kaposi sarcoma treatment
Blister formation
Inflammation
Pain

This study investigated the efficacy of combination therapy of cryotherapy followed by topical imiquimod for limited, cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma (KS). The study found that this combination therapy may be an efficacious and comparatively low-risk treatment for KS.

LetterA written message for communication and exchange of information between individuals.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Evaluation of four chemotherapy regimens for treatment of advanced AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma in Kenya: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Author: FreemanEsther E, McCannNicole C, SemeereAggrey, ReddyKrishna P, Laker-OkettaMiriam, ByakwagaHelen, PeiPamela P, Hajny FernandezMaya E, KipronoSamson, BusakhalaNaftali, MartinJeffery N, MaurerToby, BassettIngrid V, FreedbergKenneth A, HyleEmily P

Kaposi sarcoma treatment
High cost
Limited availability

This study examined the clinical impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of using paclitaxel or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) to treat advanced AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma in Kenya. These treatments are typically not used in sub-Saharan Africa due to limited availability and high costs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

7.

Cryotherapy Treatment of Cutaneous Kaposi Sarcoma in a Patient With B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Short Review of the Literature.

Author: DoupisJohn, FestasGeorgios, TsekourasKonstantinos, SeretisAntonios, FountzilasChristos

CLL associated KS

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and lymph vessels, primarily the skin. It is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in more than 90% of cases. There are four types of KS. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associated with KS is a rare condition.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Oncologic Treatment of HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma 40 Years on.

Author: RamaswamiRamya, LurainKathryn, YarchoanRobert

Immunotherapy potential
Improved HIV care
KS morbidity
KS mortality

This review explores the pathogenesis of HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (HIV<sup>+</sup>KS) and current treatment options. Despite advances in HIV care, HIV<sup>+</sup>KS remains a persistent malignancy in certain populations. The review highlights the importance of T-cell-sparing therapies for this condition and discusses the potential of immunotherapy and therapies targeting KS pathogenesis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Safety, Activity, and Long-term Outcomes of Pomalidomide in the Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma among Individuals with or without HIV Infection.

Author: RamaswamiRamya, PolizzottoMark N, LurainKathryn, WyvillKathleen M, WidellAnaida, GeorgeJomy, GoncalvesPriscila, SteinbergSeth M, WhitbyDenise, UldrickThomas S, YarchoanRobert

Pomalidomide treatment
Chemotherapy toxicity

Pomalidomide, an oral immunomodulatory drug, has shown promise in treating Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a cancer caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). This study presents updated results on the full cohort of patients receiving pomalidomide, including survival outcomes. Pomalidomide offers a potentially less toxic alternative to traditional chemotherapy for KS.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.

Language : English

13.

Outcomes of AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma in Mozambique after treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin.

Author: ColdironMatthew E, Gutierrez ZamudioAna Gabriela, ManuelRolanda, LucianoGilda, RuschBarbara, CigleneckiIza, TelnovAlex, GraisRebecca F, TrelluLaurence Toutous, MolfinoLucas

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin
Poor outcomes
Poorly tolerated chemotherapy

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a common cancer associated with HIV infection. This article discusses the use of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, a chemotherapy drug, in treating KS in Mozambique. The introduction of this drug has improved treatment outcomes for patients with KS in this region.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Involution of classic Kaposi sarcoma lesions under acitretin treatment Kaposi sarcoma treated with acitretin.

Author: DaadaaNajla, SouissiAsmahane, ChaabaniMeryam, ChellyInes, Ben SalemMoez, MokniMourad

Effective Kaposi sarcoma treatment
Improved psoriasis management

Acitretin, a medication used to treat psoriasis, was also found to be effective in treating Kaposi's sarcoma, a type of cancer, in a patient.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

15.

Treatment of classic Kaposi sarcoma with a nicotine dermal patch: a phase II clinical trial.

Author: GoedertJ J, ScoppioB M, PfeifferR, NeveL, FedericiA B, LongL R, DolanB M, BrambatiM, BellinviaM, LauriaC, PreissL, BoneschiV, WhitbyD, BrambillaL

KS treatment

Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a type of cancer that affects blood vessels in the skin, is caused by a virus and is influenced by the immune system. Nicotine might be helpful in treating KS because it affects the immune system and blood vessels, and because smokers have a lower risk of developing KS.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.

Language : English

16.

Intralesional vincristine as first-line therapy for nodular lesions in classic Kaposi sarcoma: a prospective study in 151 patients.

Author: BrambillaL, BellinviaM, TourlakiA, ScoppioB, GaianiF, BoneschiV

Classic Kaposi sarcoma treatment
Nodular lesion treatment
Erythema
Itching

Intralesional vincristine is effective and safe for treating classic Kaposi sarcoma nodular lesions. In a study of 151 patients, 98.7% had a response rate. The most common side effects were erythema and itching. This treatment is recommended as first-line therapy in initial stages and as support therapy in advanced stages.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

Treatment of Kaposi sarcoma in children with HIV-1 infection.

Author: AnglemyerAndrew, AgrawalAnurag K, RutherfordGeorge W

KS treatment

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a common cancer in people with HIV, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV is prevalent and the virus that causes KS (HHV-8) is common. Most people with KS benefit from chemotherapy along with anti-HIV medications (ART). However, there is no standard treatment for children with KS because there are no clear guidelines for staging and treating the disease in children.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

18.

Compression Therapy for HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma Leg Lymphedema: Results of the Kenyan Improvised Compression for Kaposi Sarcoma Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: ChangAileen Y, KarwaRakhi, OdhiamboHaji, WerePhelix, FletcherSara L, TonuiEdith C, KohnMichael A, LeeJeannette, ChangDi, LensingShelly, NamaembaDiana Flora, BusakhalaNaftali, KipronoSamson K, MaurerToby, GoodrichSuzanne, PastakiaSonak D

KS lymphedema treatment

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of compression therapy in addition to chemotherapy for HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) lymphedema. While the study did not show a significant difference between the compression and control groups in terms of lymphedema index (LELI) scores, it did provide valuable information for future research. Larger, multi-center trials are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of compression therapy for KS lymphedema.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

19.

Treatments for AIDS/HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma: A systematic review of the literature.

Author: LiewYasmin Chia Chia, TamYew Chong Steve, OhChoon Chiat

There was insufficient evidence to recommend any particular intervention for AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. The evidence of efficacy of any particular intervention was overall varied.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

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