Main Research Findings

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in pregnant women, but previous trials aimed at preventing IDA used high-dose iron supplements that are known to cause gastrointestinal side effects. 2 A study on the side effects of iron supplements showed that a low-dose iron supplement containing both heme iron and non-heme iron (Hemofer) had fewer side effects compared to an equipotent, traditional non-heme iron supplement. 1 A study on the ocular penetration of ketorolac eye drops showed that ISV-304 (ketorolac tromethamine) formulated in DuraSite or DuraSite 2 delivery systems had superior ocular penetration compared to Acular LS (0.4% ketorolac ophthalmic solution) in rabbits. 3

Reasons for Side Effects

Side effects of iron supplements are caused by irritation that occurs when iron is absorbed into the digestive system. 1

Common Side Effects

Constipation

Non-heme iron supplements are more likely to cause constipation than a combination of heme and non-heme iron. 1

Side Effects Countermeasures

Constipation Countermeasures

It is important to stay hydrated, eat plenty of fiber, and exercise to prevent constipation. 1

Research Comparison

Research Commonalities

All three studies evaluated the effectiveness and safety of drugs for different purposes. 2 , 1 , 3

Research Differences

The study subjects, drug types, and evaluation methods differed. 2 , 1 , 3

Precautions for Real-Life Application

Follow your doctor's instructions when taking iron supplements during pregnancy. High doses of iron supplements can cause gastrointestinal side effects. 2 If you are concerned about the side effects of iron supplements, you can try a low-dose iron supplement that contains both heme and non-heme iron. 1

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of iron supplements is still lacking. In particular, further research is needed on the side effects of iron supplements during pregnancy. 2

Future Research Directions

Research on the optimal dosage and type of iron supplements during pregnancy is needed. Further research on measures to reduce the side effects of iron supplements is also needed. 2

Conclusion

Iron supplements are used to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women, but high doses of iron supplements can cause gastrointestinal side effects. 2 A low-dose iron supplement containing both heme and non-heme iron has been shown to have fewer side effects compared to an equipotent, traditional non-heme iron supplement. 1 Follow your doctor's instructions when taking iron supplements and try to minimize side effects.