Main research findings

This paper presents a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the use of herbal medicine for treating hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder globally, leading to significant morbidity and mortality due to its association with metabolic diseases, particularly in the elderly. Long-term treatment with levothyroxine often results in numerous side effects for patients. Herbal medicine has the potential to regulate thyroid hormones and prevent side effects.

Reasons for side effects

The side effects of herbal medicine stem from the interactions of various components of herbs with the body. Some herbs can inhibit the production of thyroid hormones or alter the metabolism of these hormones. Moreover, herbs may interact with medications, potentially intensifying side effects or reducing the effectiveness of medications.

Common side effects

Gastrointestinal side effects

Herbal therapy has been reported to cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. 1

Skin side effects

Skin side effects reported include rashes, itching, and hives. 1

Other side effects

Other reported side effects include headache, dizziness, fatigue, lethargy, and insomnia. 1

Side effects management

Gastrointestinal side effects

If gastrointestinal side effects occur, discontinue the use of herbs and consult a physician. Dietary modifications and hydration may help alleviate symptoms.

Skin side effects

In case of skin side effects, stop using herbs and seek medical advice. Antihistamines or steroid medications might alleviate symptoms.

Other side effects

If other side effects arise, discontinue the use of herbs and consult a physician. Identifying the causative herb and switching to alternative herbs or treatment options might be necessary.

Comparison across studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have shown promising results, suggesting that herbal medicine could potentially improve symptoms of hypothyroidism. However, these studies haven't reached conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of herbal therapy.

Differences

Variations in the types of herbs, formulations, dosages, and assessment parameters used across studies make comparing results challenging. Additionally, the quality and reliability of research vary significantly.

Practical application considerations

Herbal therapy is not an established treatment for hypothyroidism. Consult a physician before trying herbal remedies. Furthermore, if combining herbal therapy with other treatments, be cautious about potential drug interactions.

Limitations of current research

Current research lacks sufficient data to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and safety of herbal therapy. Inconsistencies in findings across studies necessitate larger-scale research for reliable outcomes.

Future research directions

Future research should conduct large-scale clinical trials involving more patients to unequivocally demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of herbal therapy. Research aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of action of herbal therapy and identifying the mechanisms behind side effects is also crucial.

Conclusion

Herbal therapy holds promise as a treatment for hypothyroidism, but currently, insufficient evidence exists to support its use. If considering herbal therapy, consulting a physician and careful consideration are essential. Future research is anticipated to shed light on the safety and effectiveness of herbal therapy.