Side Effects of macitentan: A Synthesis of Findings from 8 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Macitentan is a new drug for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that has shown promising results in clinical trials. 3 Macitentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist, which means it blocks the action of a substance called endothelin-1 that constricts blood vessels in the lungs. By blocking endothelin-1, macitentan helps to relax the blood vessels in the lungs, lowering blood pressure and improving blood flow. This can help to improve symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue and can improve quality of life for people with PAH. 3 Macitentan has also been shown to be effective in patients with severe PAH who have not responded to other treatments. 4

Reasons for Side Effects

Macitentan, like other medications, can cause side effects because it interacts with the body's systems. Some side effects can be caused by the way macitentan is metabolized, while others can be related to its specific mechanism of action. 7

Common Side Effects

Headache

Headache is a common side effect of macitentan, reported in multiple studies. 2

Nasopharyngitis

Nasopharyngitis, or inflammation of the nose and throat, is another common side effect. 2

Anemia

Macitentan can decrease hemoglobin levels in the blood, which can lead to anemia. 7

Liver Dysfunction

Macitentan is metabolized in the liver, and in some cases, it can cause liver dysfunction. 7

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Headache

If you experience headache, consult with your doctor. Over-the-counter pain relievers may be helpful, but your doctor can also advise on stronger medications if needed.

Nasopharyngitis

If you experience nasopharyngitis, consult with your doctor. They can recommend over-the-counter remedies or prescribe medication if necessary.

Anemia

If you suspect you may be developing anemia, see your doctor. They can order blood tests to confirm the diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment if needed.

Liver Dysfunction

If you have any concerns about liver dysfunction, it's crucial to see your doctor immediately. They can order blood tests to assess liver function and determine if further investigation or treatment is necessary.

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Multiple studies have found that macitentan can improve exercise capacity and quality of life in PAH patients. 7 2 Macitentan has also shown effectiveness in patients with severe PAH who have not responded to other treatments. 4

Differences Between Studies

There are some variations in the reported side effects of macitentan across studies. For example, 7 mentions liver dysfunction and anemia as side effects, while 2 lists headache and nasopharyngitis. These discrepancies could be attributed to differences in study populations, research methods, or other factors.

Points to Note Regarding Application in Real Life

While macitentan holds promise as a treatment for PAH, it's essential to remember that all medications have the potential for side effects. If you have any concerns about macitentan or any other medication, consult your doctor. If you have a history of liver problems or anemia, it's especially important to discuss these with your doctor before starting treatment with macitentan. Also, remember that macitentan can interact with other medications, so it's vital to inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.

Limitations of Current Research

The research on macitentan is still ongoing, and more studies are needed to fully understand its long-term safety and effectiveness. Further research is also required to investigate the side effects of macitentan in greater detail and to develop strategies to minimize them.

Directions for Future Research

Future research should focus on investigating the long-term safety and effectiveness of macitentan, as well as exploring its side effects in greater depth. Additionally, research on the effectiveness of combining macitentan with other therapies is needed.

Conclusion

Macitentan shows promise as a treatment for PAH, but it is important to be aware of its potential side effects. If you are considering macitentan treatment, discuss your medical history and concerns with your doctor. They can help you weigh the benefits and risks and make the best decision for your health.

Literature analysis of 8 papers
Positive Content
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2.

[The new endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan: Prospects for therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension].

Author: AvdeevS N

Pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment

Macitentan is a new double endothelin ETA and ETB receptor antagonist for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It has been shown to reduce the risk of poor outcomes and death by 45% compared to placebo. Macitentan is an effective first-line drug for patients with newly and previously diagnosed PAH.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Russian

3.

Safety, efficacy, and clinical utility of macitentan in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Author: MonacoThomas J, DavilaCarlos D

Pulmonary hypertension treatment

This review focuses on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, efficacy, and clinical uses of macitentan, a second-generation endothelin receptor antagonist, in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Treatment of hypertension and renal injury induced by the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib: preclinical study.

Author: LankhorstStephanie, KappersMariëtte H W, van EschJoep H M, SmedtsFrank M M, SleijferStefan, MathijssenRon H J, BaeldeHans J, DanserA H Jan, van den MeirackerAnton H

Hypertension prevention
Renal injury prevention

This study investigated the effectiveness of different antihypertensive agents in preventing hypertension and renal injury induced by sunitinib, an angiogenesis inhibitor. Macitentan and amlodipine were effective in preventing hypertension, while macitentan, captopril, and sildenafil reduced proteinuria and endothelinuria.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Safety of macitentan in sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: a case-series.

Author: MathijssenH, HuitemaM P, BakkerA L M, MagerJ J, SnijderR J, GruttersJ C, PostM C

PH treatment

This study explored the potential of macitentan, a drug frequently used for pulmonary arterial hypertension, as a treatment for sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Perspectives on oral pulmonary hypertension therapies recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Author: HillNicholas S, BadeschDavid, BenzaRaymond L, D'ElettoThomas A, FarberHarrison W, Gomberg-MaitlandMardi, HassounPaul M, PrestonIoana

CTEPH treatment
PAH treatment
Drug interactions
Side effects

This review discusses the recent approval of macitentan, riociguat, and treprostinil as oral agents for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), with riociguat being the first approved for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). While these agents offer new therapeutic options, they also have potential drug interactions, adverse effects, dosing complexities, and costs. The review provides details on these aspects for each drug.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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