Side Effects of magnesium citrate: A Synthesis of Findings from 28 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Research Findings

Magnesium citrate is a medication used to treat constipation and cleanse the bowel before colonoscopy. Multiple studies have shown that magnesium citrate is effective in bowel cleansing. 1 , 4 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11 Studies have also indicated that magnesium citrate is effective in treating constipation. 25 , 7 , 17

Reasons for Side Effects

Magnesium citrate works by drawing water into the intestines, softening stool and promoting bowel movements. This action can lead to side effects such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. 20

Common Side Effects

Diarrhea

The most common side effect of magnesium citrate is diarrhea. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Abdominal Pain

Magnesium citrate can cause abdominal pain. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Nausea

Magnesium citrate can cause nausea. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Vomiting

Magnesium citrate can cause vomiting. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Dehydration

Magnesium citrate can cause dehydration. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Electrolyte Imbalance

Magnesium citrate can cause electrolyte imbalance. 20

Side Effect Management

Diarrhea

If you experience severe diarrhea, make sure to drink plenty of fluids. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Abdominal Pain

If you experience severe abdominal pain, consult your doctor. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Nausea

If you experience severe nausea, consult your doctor. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Vomiting

If you experience severe vomiting, consult your doctor. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Dehydration

If you suspect dehydration, consult your doctor. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Electrolyte Imbalance

If you suspect an electrolyte imbalance, consult your doctor. 20

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities

Many studies have shown that magnesium citrate is effective in treating constipation and cleansing the bowel before colonoscopy. 1 , 4 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Differences

The reported side effects of magnesium citrate vary across studies. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Real-World Applications: Points to Note

Magnesium citrate is an effective medication for treating constipation and cleansing the bowel before colonoscopy, but it can cause side effects. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Limitations of Current Research

The side effects of magnesium citrate are not fully understood. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Future Research Directions

More research is needed to better understand the side effects of magnesium citrate. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11

Conclusion

Magnesium citrate is an effective medication for treating constipation and cleansing the bowel before colonoscopy, but it can cause side effects. 1 , 4 , 20 , 5 , 21 , 24 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 3 , 15 , 11 If you are taking magnesium citrate, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects and to talk to your doctor if you experience any concerns.

Literature analysis of 28 papers
Positive Content
25
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
14
1
2
5
28
1.

A randomized study of two preparations for large bowel radiology.

Author: StratesB S, HofmannL M

Bowel preparation
Uncomfortable procedure

A bowel preparation kit containing magnesium citrate, phenolphthalein, and bisacodyl was compared to castor oil with enemas for large bowel radiological examinations. Both preparations were effective, but the kit was better tolerated by patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Adjuncts to colonic cleansing before colonoscopy.

Author: ParkSanghoon, LimYun Jeong

Improved bowel cleansing
Drug interactions

This review examines the use of adjunctive agents to improve colonic cleansing effectiveness during colonoscopy preparation. While no single agent has completely overcome limitations of the gold standard method, several promising options, such as bisacodyl, magnesium citrate, senna, simethicone, metoclopramide, and prokinetics, can enhance the efficiency of traditional bowel preparation agents.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

3.

Mechanical colon cleansing for screening colonoscopy: A randomized controlled trial.

Author: AyubKamran, KetwarooGyanprakash, AbudayyehSuhaib, IbrahimAbeer, ColeRhonda A, Brumfield-BrownRosetta, QureshiWaqar A, RabeneckLinda, GrahamDavid Y

Improved colon preparation
Vomiting

This study compared pulsed irrigation evacuation (PIE), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium phosphate colon preparations for colonoscopy. PIE and sodium phosphate were superior to PEG, with PIE being the preferred preparation for those at high risk of unsatisfactory preparations or with unsatisfactory traditional preparations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Choosing the best lavage regimen.

Author: ToosonJ D, GatesL K

Effective bowel cleansing
Side effects

This review article summarizes the findings of randomized trials comparing different bowel cleansing regimens for colonoscopy. Four recommended methods are: PEG-electrolyte solution with senna, PEG-electrolyte solution alone, oral sodium phosphate in split dose, and oral magnesium citrate with rectal pulsed irrigation. The authors suggest that clinicians should consider cleansing effectiveness, safety, patient tolerance, and cost when selecting a bowel cleansing regimen.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

A comparison of bowel preparations for flexible sigmoidoscopy: oral magnesium citrate combined with oral bisacodyl, one hypertonic phosphate enema, or two hypertonic phosphate enemas.

Author: FincherR K, OsgardE M, JacksonJ L, StrongJ S, WongR K

Good preparation quality
Tolerated easily
Diarrhea

There was no statistical difference between the quality of three bowel preparations containing magnesium citrate and either oral bisacodyl, one hypertonic phosphate enema, or two hypertonic phosphate enemas. Patients considered the oral bisacodyl and magnesium citrate regimen more easily tolerated, though it was associated with more diarrhea.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Addition of senna improves quality of colonoscopy preparation with magnesium citrate.

Author: VradelisStergios, KalaitzakisEvangelos, SharifiYalda, BuchelOtto, KeshavSatish, ChapmanRoger W, BradenBarbara

Colon cleansing
Abdominal cramps

The addition of senna to the bowel preparation protocol with magnesium citrate significantly improves the cleansing outcome.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Successful management of primary hypomagnesaemia with high-dose oral magnesium citrate: a case report.

Author: BircanIffet, TurkkahramanDoga, DursunOguz, KaraguzelGulay

Improved hypomagnesaemia

This case report describes a 40-day-old infant with afebrile generalized convulsive episodes due to severe hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia. The infant responded well to magnesium treatment, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and management of this condition.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Comparison of two bowel preparations for colonoscopy: sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate versus sulphate-free polyethylene glycol lavage solution.

Author: RegevA, FraserG, DelpreG, LeiserA, NeemanA, MaozE, AnikinV, NivY

Quality of bowel cleansing
Patient discomfort
Side effects

This study compared the efficacy of colonic preparation with sodium picosulphate plus magnesium citrate (SPS-Mg) with sulphate-free polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage (PEG-EL) solution before colonoscopy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

'Pico-Bello-Klean study': effectiveness and patient tolerability of bowel preparation agents sodium picosulphate-magnesium citrate and polyethylene glycol before colonoscopy. A single-blinded randomized trial.

Author: MunstermanIsabelle D, CleerenEva, van der PloegTjeerd, BrohetRichard, van der HulstRené

Bowel preparation for colonoscopy

A single-blinded randomized-controlled trial compared the effectiveness of Kleanprep and Picoprep for bowel cleansing using a split-dose regimen and an objective bowel cleansing score system.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Comparison of optimal bowel cleansing effects of 1L polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid versus sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate: A randomized controlled study.

Author: LeeJun, KimSeong-Jung, KimSang-Wook, SongHyo-Yeop, SeoGeom Seog, KimDong-Hyun, MyungDae-Seong, KimHyun-Soo, JooYoung-Eun, KimSo Yeong

bowel cleansing
feeling
taste

This study compared the effectiveness of two low-volume bowel cleansing formulations: 1 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) with ascorbic acid and sodium picosulfate (PICO) with magnesium citrate. Both formulations achieved similar overall bowel cleansing success (97.4% vs 97.3%). While 1 L PEG with ascorbic acid demonstrated high-quality cleansing in 87% of patients, PICO with magnesium citrate achieved this in 77%. Patient satisfaction was higher with PICO with magnesium citrate, but compliance and side effects were similar for both groups. 1 L PEG with ascorbic acid shows promise as an effective low-volume bowel preparation but may require improvements in taste and feeling to enhance patient satisfaction.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Preventive Migraine Treatment.

Author: SilbersteinStephen D

Migraine prevention

This review of evidence-based guidelines for the preventive treatment of migraine found that strong evidence exists to support the use of metoprolol, timolol, propranolol, divalproex sodium, sodium valproate, and topiramate.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Randomized comparison of two preoperative methods for preparation of the colon: oral administration of a solution of polyethylene glycol plus electrolytes and total parenteral nutrition.

Author: MakinoM, HisamitsuK, SugamuraK, KimuraO, KaibaraN

PEG-ELS effective bowel prep
Time efficient bowel prep
Abdominal fullness

Whole bowel irrigation using polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) was just as effective as 7 days of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and fasting for colon preparation, but was faster and had a similar incidence of side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

14.

A prospective study comparing oral sodium phosphate solution to a bowel cleansing preparation with nutrition food package in children.

Author: El-BabaMohammad F, PadillaMary, HoustonCarmela, MadaniShailender, LinChuan-Hao, ThomasRonald, ToliaVasundhara

Bowel cleansing
Colonoscopy preparation

This study compared the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptance of a prepackaged diet kit plus a magnesium citrate/bisacodyl bowel cleansing regimen with a clear liquid diet and sodium phosphate solution regimen in children undergoing colonoscopy.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

A Comparison of the Efficacy of Enema Solutions in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients.

Author: AndersonJulie, FurnivalRonald A, ZhangLei, LunosScott A, SadiqZujaja, StruttJonathan R, KailaRahul, HendricksonMarissa A

Abdominal pain

Sodium phosphate, soap suds, and pink lady enemas produced no significant differences in stool output in children treated in an emergency department. Soap suds had a significantly higher rate of side effects, primarily abdominal pain. Further research is needed to determine the optimal enema solution for children.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Potassium Magnesium Citrate Is Superior to Potassium Chloride in Reversing Metabolic Side Effects of Chlorthalidone.

Author: VongpatanasinWanpen, GiaconaJohn M, PittmanDanielle, MurilloAshley, KhanGhazi, WangJijia, JohnsonTalon, RenJimin, MoeOrson W, PakCharles C Y

Lower blood pressure
Reduced cardiovascular risk
Diabetes risk
Magnesium depletion
Potassium depletion

Thiazide diuretics (TD) are often prescribed to treat hypertension. However, they can also increase the risk of diabetes. This study aims to investigate the effect of potassium magnesium citrate (KMgCit) on fasting plasma glucose and liver fat during TD therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

[Nephrolithiasis: metabolic defects and terapeutic implications].

Author: TascaAndrea, AmmendolaCiro

Stone formation

Urinary stone formation is a common problem that can be caused by various factors, including low urine volume, high calcium oxalate and uric acid levels, and low citrate levels. Treatment options include thiazides, low-calcium diets, pyridoxine, and renal/liver transplantation for severe cases.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Italian

18.

[Bowel preparation for colonoscopy with sodium picosulphate and magnesium citrate in children and adolescents].

Author: KawakamiElisabete, PortorrealAurea, ScuissiattoMarini L, MachadoRodrigo S, RaguzaDaniele, LozanoLiliana

Improved colonoscopy preparation

Picosulphate sodium with magnesium citrate was found to be an effective and practical method of preparing the bowel for colonoscopy in children and adolescents. The preparation was adequate in 80.4% of patients, with side effects occurring in 47.8%.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Portuguese

20.

Effect of varying doses of potassium-magnesium citrate on thiazide-induced hypokalemia and magnesium loss.

Author: RumlL A, GonzalezG, TaylorR, WuermserL A, PakC Y

Hypokalemia treatment
Magnesium loss treatment
Stone prevention

Potassium-magnesium citrate (K(4)MgCit(2)) at a dosage of 4 tablets per day is effective in correcting thiazide-induced hypokalemia and in increasing urinary pH and citrate enough to prevent kidney stone recurrence. Higher dosages (7 and 10 tablets) are needed to prevent magnesium loss and adverse symptoms of thiazide therapy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

21.

Magnesium citrate-bisacodyl regimen proves better than castor oil for colonoscopic preparation.

Author: ChenC C, NgW W, ChangF Y, LeeS D

Colon cleansing efficacy

This study compared colon cleansing efficacy, patient acceptance and side effects in patients given either a magnesium citrate-bisacodyl or a castor oil regimen prior to colonoscopy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Dietary fecal tagging as a cleansing method before CT colonography: initial results polyp detection and patient acceptance.

Author: LeferePhilippe A, GryspeerdtStefaan S, DewyspelaereJef, BaekelandtMarc, Van HolsbeeckBartel G

Improved patient acceptance
Improved polyp differentiation

Dietary fecal tagging (FT) offers a well-tolerated preparation for CT colonography and improves specificity, with improved differentiation of polyps from residual stool.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

24.

Efficacy of bowel preparation with the use of a prepackaged, low fibre diet with a low sodium, magnesium citrate cathartic vs. a clear liquid diet with a standard sodium phosphate cathartic.

Author: DeleggeM, KaplanR

Better tolerance
Improved colon cleansing

A prepackaged, low-residue diet (NutraPrep) combined with the LoSo Prep bowel cleansing system (NP-LS regimen) was superior to the double-dose sodium phosphate (Fleet Phospho-soda) regimen (2F regimen) in terms of colon cleansing efficacy and patient tolerance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Randomised, cross-over, placebo controlled trial of magnesium citrate in the treatment of chronic persistent leg cramps.

Author: RoffeChristine, SillsSheila, CromePeter, JonesPeter

Leg cramp treatment

This study investigates the effectiveness of magnesium citrate in treating nocturnal leg cramps in non-pregnant individuals. The study aims to evaluate if magnesium citrate provides a safe and effective alternative to quinine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

The Use of Mechanical Bowel Preparation in Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: AdelowoAmos O, HackerMichele R, ModestAnna M, ApostolisCosta A, DisciulloAnthony J, HanawayKatherine J, ElkadryEman E, RosenblattPeter L, RogersKathleen J, HotaLekha S

Improved surgical field
Patient discomfort

Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) using oral magnesium citrate before minimally invasive pelvic reconstructive surgery in 153 women provided an initial improvement in surgical field quality compared to sodium phosphate enema alone. However, the benefit was not sustained, and MBP was associated with increased patient discomfort.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

Citrate salts for preventing and treating calcium containing kidney stones in adults.

Author: PhillipsRebecca, HanchanaleVishwanath S, MyattAndy, SomaniBhaskar, NabiGhulam, BiyaniC Shekhar

Kidney stone prevention

Oral citrate therapy is often used to prevent kidney stones, especially in people with low urinary citrate levels, but its effectiveness is uncertain. More research is needed to support its clinical use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

28.

Commonly used preparations for colonoscopy: efficacy, tolerability, and safety--a Canadian Association of Gastroenterology position paper.

Author: BarkunAlan, ChibaNaoki, EnnsRobert, MarconMargaret, NatshehSusan, PhamCo, SadowskiDan, VannerStephen

Effective bowel cleansing
Adverse events

Polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium phosphate (NaP), magnesium citrate (Mg-citrate), and sodium picosulphate, citric acid and magnesium oxide (PSMC) preparations were all effective in bowel cleansing for colonoscopy. Adequate hydration is essential.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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