Effects of magnesium sulfate: A Synthesis of Findings from 15 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Magnesium sulfate has been studied for its potential benefits in various medical settings, ranging from anesthesia to cancer treatment and preeclampsia. However, its effectiveness varies depending on the specific application and research design. 13 found that magnesium sulfate did not enhance the effects of propofol in dogs under sevoflurane anesthesia. On the other hand, 15 discovered that magnesium sulfate mitigated the damaging effects of cyclophosphamide on the ovaries of rats. 7 reported that magnesium sulfate effectively reduced hemodynamic changes during intubation in hypertensive patients, showing a greater effect compared to lidocaine. Additionally, 12 found magnesium sulfate to be beneficial in treating severe, steroid-resistant asthma exacerbations, proving more effective than nebulized ketamine. While these studies demonstrate magnesium sulfate's potential for various applications, further research is needed to understand its precise mechanisms and effectiveness across different conditions.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Based on research findings, magnesium sulfate has shown potential benefits in the following areas:

  • Neuroprotection: Studies have suggested neuroprotective benefits for preterm infants exposed to magnesium sulfate antenatally. 2
  • Hemodynamic Regulation: Magnesium sulfate has been observed to mitigate hemodynamic changes associated with intubation in hypertensive patients. 7
  • Ovarian Protection: Studies have indicated that magnesium sulfate can protect the ovaries from damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents like cyclophosphamide. 15
  • Asthma Exacerbation Management: Magnesium sulfate has shown promise in treating severe steroid-resistant asthma exacerbations. 12

Risk Summary

Potential risks associated with magnesium sulfate include:

  • Side Effects: Various adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, breathing difficulties, and low blood pressure have been reported. 1
  • Neurological Impact: Concerns remain regarding potential neurodevelopmental effects on preterm infants exposed to magnesium sulfate. 2

Research Comparison

Research Similarities

These studies collectively suggest that magnesium sulfate can influence various medical conditions. Its potential to regulate blood vessel activity and provide neuroprotection is particularly noteworthy, pointing to promising clinical applications.

Research Differences

The effectiveness of magnesium sulfate varies significantly across different studies. For instance, 13 concluded that magnesium sulfate did not enhance anesthetic effects, while 8 suggested its potential for augmenting anesthetic effects. These discrepancies highlight the influence of research design and specific conditions being investigated on the outcomes of magnesium sulfate administration.

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

The research results regarding magnesium sulfate's effects have not been entirely consistent. While some studies have reported positive outcomes, others have failed to find significant effects. This variability likely stems from differences in research design, target conditions, and dosages. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the efficacy of magnesium sulfate.

Practical Applications and Cautions

While magnesium sulfate holds potential for various medical applications, its effectiveness remains inconsistent, and adverse effects have been reported. Therefore, it is essential to follow a healthcare professional's instructions carefully when considering magnesium sulfate. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, and those with specific medical conditions, may need to avoid magnesium sulfate altogether. Consult with your doctor to assess the potential risks and benefits of magnesium sulfate in your situation.

Limitations of Current Research

Current research on magnesium sulfate exhibits limitations that hinder definitive conclusions. Research design variations, diverse target conditions, and dosage differences pose challenges in directly comparing results. Additionally, the limited sample sizes of some studies raise concerns about generalizability. More comprehensive and targeted research is needed to clarify the full scope of magnesium sulfate's effects.

Future Research Directions

To better understand the efficacy and mechanisms of magnesium sulfate, future research should focus on the following aspects:

  • In-depth studies to examine the specific effects of magnesium sulfate in various conditions.
  • Investigation into the mechanisms through which magnesium sulfate exerts its effects.
  • Clinical trials to determine the optimal dosages and administration methods for magnesium sulfate in different settings.

Conclusion

While magnesium sulfate holds promise for treating various conditions, its effectiveness remains unclear. The diverse research results emphasize the need for further investigation to determine its precise benefits and risks. It is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals before considering magnesium sulfate for any health concerns. As research continues, we anticipate a more comprehensive understanding of magnesium sulfate's role in medical treatment.

Literature analysis of 15 papers
Positive Content
13
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
6
1
0
0
15
1.

Expectant management in severe preeclampsia: does magnesium sulfate prevent the development of eclampsia?

Author: ChenF P, ChangS D, ChuK K

Preeclampsia management
Abruptio placentae
Discomfort
Fetal distress
Poor Apgar score

Magnesium sulfate, a standard treatment for preeclampsia and eclampsia, may not be effective at preventing convulsions and has potential side effects. Further research is needed to understand the etiology of preeclampsia and find effective management strategies.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Effects of antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate on neuroprotection and mortality in preterm infants: a meta-analysis.

Author: CostantineMaged M, WeinerSteven J,

Cerebral palsy reduction
None mentioned

Magnesium sulfate given to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery significantly reduces the risk of cerebral palsy in their babies without increasing the risk of death. The number needed to treat to prevent one case of cerebral palsy is 46 for infants exposed to magnesium sulfate before 30 weeks and 56 for infants exposed before 32 to 34 weeks.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

3.

Effect of Cord Blood Magnesium Level at Birth on Non-neurologic Neonatal Outcomes.

Author: EdwardsJames M, EdwardsLaura E, SwamyGeeta K, GrotegutChad A

Neurologic outcome improvement

Higher cord blood magnesium levels did not have adverse non-neurologic effects on neonates and may even be associated with improved neurologic outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Effects of different doses of magnesium sulfate on pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal laparoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Author: TanWei, QianDong-Chen, ZhengMeng-Meng, LuXuan, HanYuan, QiDun-Yi

Hemodynamic response reduction
Magnesium sulfate efficacy

This study investigates the effects of different doses of magnesium sulfate on hemodynamic changes and vasopressin release in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Effects of 4% ıcodextrine, magnesium sulfate, and 0.9% sodium chloride on postoperative intraabdominal adhesions.

Author: BaranNecip T, OkutGokalp, PekciciMevlut R

Adhesion prevention

This experimental study compares the effects of icodextrin, magnesium sulfate, and saline on post-operative intraabdominal adhesion formation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

A comparison of the effects of lidocaine or magnesium sulfate on hemodynamic response and QT dispersion related with intubation in patients with hypertension.

Author: KiraciG, DemirhanA, TekeliogluU Y, AkkayaA, BilgiM, ErdemA, BayirH, YildizI, KocogluH

QTd reduction

QT dispersion is not increased during tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients, making magnesium sulfate unnecessary. However, magnesium sulfate might be beneficial for coronary artery disease patients, though further studies are needed to confirm this.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Comparison of the Effects of 3 Methods of Intrathecal Bupivacaine, Bupivacaine-Fentanyl, and Bupivacaine-Fentanyl-Magnesium Sulfate on Sensory Motor Blocks and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Disk Herniation Surgery.

Author: AttariMoahammad A, NajafabadiFereidoun Mortazavi, TalakoobReyhanak, AbrishamkarSaeid, TaravatiHosein

Reduced analgesic use
Reduced pain severity
Delayed motor recovery

Intrathecal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in combination with bupivacaine-fentanyl can decrease severity of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption without additional side effects in patients undergoing lumbar disk herniation surgery.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Effects of Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Oxide, and Magnesium Sulfate Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Intervention Trial.

Author: SchuttenJoëlle C, JorisPeter J, GroendijkIris, EelderinkCoby, GroothofDion, van der VeenYvonne, WesterhuisRalf, GoormanFrans, DanelRichard M, de BorstMartin H, BakkerStephan J L

Improved arterial stiffness
Increased magnesium levels

Oral magnesium citrate supplementation for 24 weeks did not significantly change arterial stiffness or blood pressure in overweight and slightly obese individuals. Magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate had similar nonsignificant effects. Magnesium citrate increased plasma and urine magnesium compared with placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Protective Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Radiation Induced Brain Injury in Rats.

Author: ChenNa, XuRui J, WangLi L, ZhangMeng, FengShi C, ZhouJu Y, TuYu

Magnesium sulfate for brain injury

Magnesium sulfate treatment alleviated calcium overload, improved redox status, and inhibited cell apoptosis in irradiated rat brains, suggesting a protective effect against radiation-induced brain injury.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Effects of magnesium sulfate and propofol on the minimum alveolar concentration preventing motor movement in sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Author: JohnsonAlanna N, SeddighiReza, RohrbachBarton W, CoxSherry K, EggerChristine M, Martin-FloresManuel, DohertyThomas J

MgSO4 no clinical benefit

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) did not affect the minimum alveolar concentration preventing motor movement (MACNM) in dogs, nor did it potentiate the effects of propofol.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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