Side Effects of minocycline topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Oral minocycline is a common treatment for moderate to severe acne, but it can have serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity, lupus-like syndrome, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, polyarteritis nodosa, gastrointestinal side effects, and skin hyperpigmentation. 4

Topical minocycline, a new topical antibiotic, has shown promising results in phase I, II, and III trials for the treatment of moderate to severe acne. It has a better safety profile than oral minocycline. 4

Minocycline has been shown to reduce the growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the bacteria that cause acne, and reduce inflammation. 3

Reasons for side effects

Minocycline is an antibiotic, so long-term use of oral minocycline can lead to the development of resistant bacteria. 9

Oral minocycline can affect the gastrointestinal tract and liver, leading to side effects. 4 Minocycline can also affect the immune system, leading to serious side effects such as lupus-like syndrome and autoimmune hepatitis. 3

Women tend to experience more side effects from oral minocycline than men. 2 This is because minocycline concentrations in the body are higher in women than in men.

Common side effects

Gastrointestinal

Oral minocycline can cause gastrointestinal side effects. 4 13 1 Specific side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.

Skin

Oral minocycline can cause skin side effects. 4 5 Specific side effects include skin hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, rash, and itching.

Nervous system

Oral minocycline can cause nervous system side effects. 3 2 13 Specific side effects include dizziness, lightheadedness, tinnitus, headache, and visual disturbances. Women are more likely to experience dizziness than men. 2

Liver

Oral minocycline can cause liver side effects. 4 20 Specific side effects include liver dysfunction and jaundice.

Immune system

Oral minocycline can cause immune system side effects. 3 20 Specific side effects include lupus-like syndrome and autoimmune hepatitis. These side effects are rare but can be life-threatening. 3

Other

Oral minocycline can cause a variety of other side effects. 4 22 Specific side effects include fever, joint pain, muscle pain, difficulty breathing, and malabsorption.

Side effect management

Gastrointestinal

To reduce gastrointestinal side effects from oral minocycline, it is recommended to take the drug after meals or with milk. 4

Skin

To reduce skin side effects from oral minocycline, it is important to use sunscreen and avoid sun exposure. 4

Nervous system

To reduce nervous system side effects from oral minocycline, it may be necessary to reduce the dosage or stop taking the drug. 3 If you experience dizziness, avoid activities that require attention, such as driving or working at heights.

Liver

To reduce liver side effects from oral minocycline, it is important to have regular liver function tests. 4

Immune system

To reduce immune system side effects from oral minocycline, it is important to stop taking the drug as soon as possible. 3

Comparison of studies

Similarities between studies

Multiple studies have shown that minocycline is effective in the treatment of acne. 4 3 7 Topical minocycline has been suggested to have a lower risk of side effects compared to oral minocycline. 4 3

Differences between studies

There are differences in the incidence and types of minocycline side effects across studies. 2 There are also differences in the methods of evaluating the effectiveness and safety of topical minocycline. 7 5

Cautions for application to real life

It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions and take minocycline correctly. 4 3 If you experience side effects, consult your doctor immediately.

Minocycline should be avoided by pregnant or breastfeeding women. 22 It is also not recommended for children under 8 years old.

Limitations of current research

There is still not enough research on the side effects of minocycline. 4 3 Further research is needed, especially on the long-term effects of use.

Future research directions

It is important to analyze minocycline side effects in more detail and elucidate the mechanisms of side effect development. 4 3 Clinical trials are also needed to further validate the safety and efficacy of topical minocycline. 7 5

Conclusion

Minocycline is an effective drug for the treatment of acne, but oral minocycline has a risk of serious side effects. 4 3 Topical minocycline may be a safer alternative to oral minocycline with a lower risk of side effects. 4 3 If you are considering using minocycline, consult your doctor for a proper prescription.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Lower dose effective
1
Anti-inflammatory properties
Topical treatment option
3
Acne treatment
4
Acne treatment
5
Acne treatment
6
Acne treatment
P. acnes reduction
7
Improved convenience
Increased treatment utilization
8
Acne treatment
9
Improved acne treatment
Modified-release minocycline
10
MMP treatment
13
Acne treatment
14
Cost-effective
Treatment of acne
15
Acne prevention
Acne treatment
Effective acne treatment
Potential maintenance therapy
17
Acne treatment
18
Acne reduction
19
Treat acne
20
Treatment of acne
21
Acne treatment
22
Periodontal disease treatment
23
Acne treatment
Scarring reduction
24
Acne improvement
Minocycline benefit
25
Anti-chlamydial
Antibacterial
26
None mentioned
27
Periodontal disease treatment
28
None mentioned
29
Risk Keywords
Nausea
1
High incidence of side effects in women
Vestibular side effects
2
Drug-induced lupus
Hypersensitivity syndrome
3
Autoimmune hepatitis
Drug hypersensitivity syndrome
Gastrointestinal side effects
Hepatotoxicity
Lupus-like syndrome
Polyarteritis nodosa
Skin hyperpigmentation
4
Antibiotic resistance
5
Antibiotic resistance
6
Bacterial resistance
Side effects
7
Antibiotic resistance
Side effects
9
High cost (minocycline)
No greater benefit
Safety concerns (minocycline)
10
Periungual pyogenic granulomas
Skin reactions
11
Cutaneous side effects
Discoid lesions
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus
Erythema nodosum
Photosensitivity
Purpura
Vasculitis
12
Gastralgia
Vertigo
13
Bleaching
Drug-resistant bacteria
Irritation
15
Acne
16
Not specified
17
Antibiotic resistance
Drug interactions
Side effects
18
Side effects
19
Autoimmune reaction
20
Rare but serious side effects
21
Side effects
Treatment failure
22
Antibiotic resistance
Side effects
24
Minimal side effects
25
Gastrointestinal issues
Growth retardation
Tooth staining
Vestibular toxicity
Yeast superinfection
26
Corneal toxicity
27
Corneal toxicity
29
Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
20
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
7
Article Type
4
1
2
12
28
1.

Side effects of minocycline: different dosage regimens.

Author: GumpD W, AshikagaT, FinkT J, RadinA M

Lower dose effective
Nausea

Minocycline at doses of 150 mg and 200 mg per day had similar side effect profiles in women. Volunteers taking 150 mg had lower serum concentrations.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Side effects of minocycline: a double-blind study.

Author: FanningW L, GumpD W, SoffermanR A

High incidence of side effects in women
Vestibular side effects

Minocycline caused a higher incidence of side effects in women than men. This may be related to higher serum concentrations in women, which could be due to their smaller size.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

A Review of Systemic Minocycline Side Effects and Topical Minocycline as a Safer Alternative for Treating Acne and Rosacea.

Author: MartinsAna M, MartoJoana M, JohnsonJodi L, GraberEmmy M

Anti-inflammatory properties
Topical treatment option
Drug-induced lupus
Hypersensitivity syndrome

This review discusses the increasing resistance of Cutibacterium acnes to topical antibiotics used for treating acne. The review highlights the potential of topical minocycline formulations as a treatment option, offering fewer adverse effects and less drug interaction compared to oral minocycline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Evaluating FMX-101 as a promising therapeutic for the treatment of acne.

Author: Valente Duarte de SousaIsabel Cristina

Acne treatment
Autoimmune hepatitis
Drug hypersensitivity syndrome
Gastrointestinal side effects
Hepatotoxicity
Lupus-like syndrome
Polyarteritis nodosa
Skin hyperpigmentation

This study discusses the potential of FMX-101, a novel topical minocycline foam, for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne. FMX-101 has shown promising results in clinical trials with a better safety profile than oral minocycline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Topical minocycline formulations: Evaluation and comparison of dermal uptake efficacy.

Author: LacDiana, HermsmeierMaiko, ChenXin, YamNoymi, YamamotoAkira, HuangSusan, SawantTanvee, ChanKin F, NagavarapuUsha

Acne treatment
Antibiotic resistance

This study investigated the potential of a topical hydrophilic minocycline gel for treating acne vulgaris. The hydrophilic formulation demonstrated improved stability and skin penetration compared to a lipophilic counterpart, suggesting its potential for effective topical acne therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

BPX-01 Minocycline Topical Gel Shows Promise for the Treatment of Moderate-to-severe Inflammatory Acne Vulgaris.

Author: AlexisAndrew, Del RossoJames Q, DesaiSeemal R, DownieJeanine B, DraelosZoe Diana, FeserChristina, ForconiRion, FowlerJoseph F, GoldMichael, Kaufman-JanetteJoely, LainEdward, LeeMark, LingMark, ShambanAva T, WerschlerWm Philip, DanielsAnnamarie

Acne treatment
P. acnes reduction
Bacterial resistance
Side effects

Oral tetracyclines are frequently prescribed for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of BPX-01, a topical minocycline gel, in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne. BPX-01 treatment reduced *P. acnes* colonization and appears to exhibit an effectiveness profile for reduction of inflammatory (nonnodular) acne lesions similar to that of oral minocycline formulations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Topical Minocycline Foam for the Treatment of Impetigo in Children: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Study.

Author: ChamnyShlomo, MironDan, LumelskyNadia, ShalevHana, GazalElana, KeynanRita, ShemerAvner, TamarkinDov

Improved convenience
Increased treatment utilization

A novel foam formulation of minocycline for topical use may offer a convenient and effective treatment option for pediatric patients with impetigo.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Emerging drugs for the treatment of acne.

Author: AslamImran, FleischerAlan, FeldmanSteve

Acne treatment
Antibiotic resistance
Side effects

Acne is the most common skin condition in the US. The mainstay of acne therapy includes: topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide (BP), and oral isotretinoin for severe cases.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Minocycline for acne vulgaris: efficacy and safety.

Author: GarnerSarah E, EadyAnne, BennettCathy, NewtonJohn Norman, ThomasKaren, PopescuCatalin Mihai

Improved acne treatment
Modified-release minocycline
High cost (minocycline)
No greater benefit
Safety concerns (minocycline)

Minocycline is an oral antibiotic used to treat acne, but its use has declined due to concerns about potential permanent skin discoloration, high cost, and no proven benefit over other acne treatments. A modified-release version of minocycline is being marketed as having fewer side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

11.

Adverse cutaneous reactions to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: a study of 14 patients.

Author: SantiagoFelicidade, GonçaloMargarida, ReisJosé Pedro, FigueiredoAmérico

Periungual pyogenic granulomas
Skin reactions

This study evaluated adverse cutaneous reactions in patients undergoing treatment with cetuximab and erlotinib and found that most patients showed improvement of the lesions after oral and topical treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Systemic minocycline as a therapeutic option in predominantly oral mucous membrane pemphigoid: a cautionary report.

Author: CarrozzoM, ArduinoP, BertolussoG, CozzaniE, ParodiA

MMP treatment
Gastralgia
Vertigo

Minocycline, an antibiotic, showed temporary clinical benefits in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid predominantly involving the oral cavity. However, side effects such as vertigo and gastralgia often led to drug withdrawal.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Systemic antibiotic therapy of acne vulgaris.

Author: OchsendorfFalk

Acne treatment

This article provides an overview of the use of systemic antibiotics for treating inflammatory acne vulgaris. The rationale for antibiotic use in acne is based on their effects on Propionibacterium acnes and their intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties. The article summarizes existing research on the efficacy and side effects of different antibiotics used for acne treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

15.

[Acne therapy with topical benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics and azelaic acid].

Author: WorretWolf-Ingo, FluhrJoachim W

Cost-effective
Treatment of acne
Bleaching
Drug-resistant bacteria
Irritation

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a standard topical treatment for acne. It reduces anaerobic bacteria and is safe for use during pregnancy and lactation. Topical antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline are also effective for acne, but can lead to drug-resistant bacteria. Azelaic acid, with antibacterial and comedolytic effects, is a safe option for pregnant and lactating women.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : German

16.

Acne: evolution of the clinical practice and therapeutic management of acne between 1996 and 2000.

Author: DrenoBrigitte, DanielF, AllaertF A, AubeI

Acne

This study assessed the evolution of acne patient profiles and treatment approaches by dermatologists from 1996 to 2000. The average patient age was 21 in 1996 and 20.5 in 2000, with a majority of female patients (64.4% in 1996 and 63.6% in 2000). The study found a decrease in antibiotic prescriptions and benzoyl peroxide use, while doxycycline and isotretinoin prescriptions increased. The impact of acne on patient quality of life decreased between 1996 and 2000.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Comparison of combined azelaic acid cream plus oral minocycline with oral isotretinoin in severe acne.

Author: GollnickH P, GraupeK, ZaumseilR P

Acne prevention
Acne treatment
Effective acne treatment
Potential maintenance therapy
Not specified

This study compared the effectiveness and safety of a combined treatment of topical 20% azelaic acid (AA) cream and oral minocycline to oral isotretinoin therapy for severe inflammatory acne (nodular papulopustular and conglobata). Additionally, the study investigated the potential of AA cream for preventing acne recurrence as a maintenance therapy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

18.

Acne therapy: clinical pearls.

Author: SteinR H, LebwohlM

Acne treatment
Antibiotic resistance
Drug interactions
Side effects

This abstract discusses the various classes of medications used to treat acne, including retinoids, antimicrobials, and hormonal therapy. It highlights the importance of considering drug interactions, antibiotic resistance, and coexisting conditions when choosing treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

19.

Azithromycin for the treatment of acne.

Author: Fernandez-ObregonA C

Acne reduction
Side effects

This study discussed the challenges of treating acne in young adults, particularly the need for more effective topical treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

[Immunoallergic reaction with hepatitis induced by minocycline].

Author: PaveseP, Sarrot-ReynauldF, BonadonaA, MassotC

Treat acne
Autoimmune reaction

Minocycline can cause severe immune-allergic reactions, including lupus, autoimmune hepatitis, and Sweet's syndrome. It should be considered a second-line treatment for acne and avoided in black individuals, who seem to be at higher risk.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

21.

Update on acne.

Author: DeGrootH E, FriedlanderS F

Treatment of acne
Rare but serious side effects

This article provides an update on the evaluation and treatment of acne, addressing topics such as early childhood acne, Propionibacterium acnes resistance, potential side effects of minocycline, and advances in topical and oral treatments, including the use of oral contraceptives and isotretinoin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

23.

Topical antimicrobials: new horizons for management of periodontal disease in general practice?

Author: UrquhartE, AddyM

Periodontal disease treatment

Antimicrobial and antibiotic agents have been developed that can be applied topically with no deleterious side-effects and reaching greater concentrations at the disease site than such agents given systemically. Used in conjunction with the mechanical debridement of deep pockets of disease, these agents appear to enhance the effectiveness of treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

[Dermatology meeting of Paris. 7-10 December 1994. Abstracts].

Author:

Acne treatment
Scarring reduction
Antibiotic resistance
Side effects

Resistance of P. acnes to commonly used antibiotics is an increasing problem in acne treatment. Minocycline is a good alternative as it is rarely associated with resistance. Oral Isotretinoin is an effective treatment for severe and resistant acne.

CongressA conference or meeting where experts in a specific field gather. It provides opportunities for presentations, discussions, and networking, and serves as a place to share expertise and learn about the latest trends in the industry.
OverallContent that provides a general overview or evaluation. It comprehensively explains a wide range of information and concepts.

Language : French

26.

Tetracyclines in ophthalmology.

Author: SalamonS M

Anti-chlamydial
Antibacterial
Gastrointestinal issues
Growth retardation
Tooth staining
Vestibular toxicity
Yeast superinfection

Tetracycline and its congeners are effective in treating bacterial and chlamydial infections. Systemic tetracycline use may cause gastrointestinal side effects and yeast superinfection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

[Topical administration of metronidazole gel as an effective therapy alternative in chronic Demodex blepharitis--a case report].

Author: JunkA K, LukacsA, KampikA

None mentioned
Corneal toxicity

Blepharoconjunctivitis is the most common symptom of ocular rosacea. Eyelash removal can reveal Demodex folliculorum, which is thought to be a cause of rosacea. Complications and other potential diagnoses include dry eye, seborrheic, bacterial, and allergic blepharoconjunctivitis. Treatment includes eyelid scrubs and mercury ointment. Treatment is limited to six weeks with frequent monitoring due to the risk of mercury toxicity to the cornea.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

28.

Topical antimicrobials: new horizons for management of periodontal disease in general practice?

Author: UrquhartE, AddyM

Periodontal disease treatment

Antimicrobial and antibiotic agents have been developed that can be applied topically with no deleterious side-effects and reaching greater concentrations at the disease site than such agents given systemically. Used in conjunction with the mechanical debridement of deep pockets of disease, these agents appear to enhance the effectiveness of treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

29.

[Topical administration of metronidazole gel as an effective therapy alternative in chronic Demodex blepharitis--a case report].

Author: JunkA K, LukacsA, KampikA

None mentioned
Corneal toxicity

Blepharoconjunctivitis is the most common symptom of ocular rosacea. Eyelash removal can reveal Demodex folliculorum, which is thought to be a cause of rosacea. Complications and other potential diagnoses include dry eye, seborrheic, bacterial, and allergic blepharoconjunctivitis. Treatment includes eyelid scrubs and mercury ointment. Treatment is limited to six weeks with frequent monitoring due to the risk of mercury toxicity to the cornea.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : German

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