Effects of minoxidil topical: A Synthesis of Findings from 25 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Minoxidil is a topical medication commonly used to treat androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss. 5 、 16 While its exact mechanism of action remains unclear, studies suggest it works by promoting hair follicle growth and extending the hair growth cycle. 5 Research indicates that minoxidil can stimulate hair growth in both the vertex and frontal scalp. 8 、 19 Furthermore, minoxidil has also shown potential as a treatment for burn wounds in rats. 17 Microneedling, a minimally invasive technique involving rolling needles over the skin, has emerged as a potential method to enhance minoxidil absorption and further stimulate hair growth. 3 、 11 、 19

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Minoxidil is an effective topical medication for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common type of hair loss. 5 、 16 It is believed to work by promoting hair follicle growth and extending the hair growth cycle, leading to increased hair growth. 5 Minoxidil has been shown to stimulate hair growth in both the vertex and frontal scalp. 8 、 19 Additionally, minoxidil shows promise as a treatment for burn wounds in rats. 17

Risks Summary

While generally considered safe, minoxidil can cause side effects such as scalp itching, redness, dryness, and hair loss. 25 、 23 、 22 It is crucial to keep minoxidil out of reach of children, as ingestion can lead to serious intoxication. 25 Minoxidil should also be avoided by pregnant or breastfeeding women. 16 It is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional before starting any new medication, including minoxidil.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities in Research

Multiple studies have consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of minoxidil in treating androgenetic alopecia. 5 、 16 、 2 、 6 、 15 、 9 、 19 Additionally, minoxidil is generally considered a safe medication. 25 、 23 、 22 、 21 However, it's important to note that minoxidil can cause side effects such as scalp itching, redness, dryness, and hair loss. 25 、 23 、 22

Differences in Research

Research highlights that the effectiveness of minoxidil can vary depending on the specific region of the scalp being treated. 8 Moreover, the precise mechanism of action for minoxidil remains a subject of ongoing investigation. 5 Furthermore, minoxidil is available in various concentrations and formulations, requiring further research to determine the most effective options. 16

Consistency and Contradictions in Results

Numerous studies have consistently shown the effectiveness of minoxidil in treating androgenetic alopecia. 5 、 16 、 2 、 6 、 15 、 9 、 19 However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of minoxidil can vary depending on the region of the scalp being treated. 8 Additionally, the exact mechanism by which minoxidil works remains unclear. 5

Implications for Everyday Life

Minoxidil is a widely available and effective topical medication for treating androgenetic alopecia. 5 、 16 、 2 、 6 、 15 、 9 、 19 However, it's crucial to remember that it can cause side effects such as scalp itching, redness, dryness, and hair loss. 25 、 23 、 22 It's essential to store minoxidil safely out of reach of children and avoid using it during pregnancy or breastfeeding. 25 、 16 Always consult a healthcare professional before starting minoxidil or any new medication.

Limitations of Current Research

The precise mechanism of action for minoxidil remains unclear, requiring further investigation. 5 With minoxidil available in various concentrations and formulations, more research is needed to identify the most effective options. 16

Future Research Directions

Further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanism of action for minoxidil. 5 Research on the optimal concentrations and formulations of minoxidil is also crucial to maximize its effectiveness. 16

Conclusion

Minoxidil is an effective topical medication for treating androgenetic alopecia, but it can also cause side effects. 5 、 16 、 2 、 6 、 15 、 9 、 19 、 25 、 23 、 22 It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional before starting minoxidil to determine if it's the right treatment option for you.

Literature analysis of 25 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
12
1
1
3
25
1.

A randomized, single-blind trial of 5% minoxidil foam once daily versus 2% minoxidil solution twice daily in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women.

Author: Blume-PeytaviUlrike, HillmannKathrin, DietzEkkehart, CanfieldDouglas, Garcia BartelsNatalie

Hair growth
Reduced side effects
Local intolerance

This randomized, controlled trial compared the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of once-daily 5% minoxidil topical foam (MTF) with twice-daily 2% minoxidil topical solution (MTS) in women with androgenetic alopecia. Once-daily 5% MTF was found to be noninferior and as effective as twice-daily 2% MTS, with several aesthetic and practical advantages.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

A Phase III, Multicenter, Parallel-Design Clinical Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of 5% Minoxidil Foam Versus Vehicle in Women With Female Pattern Hair Loss.

Author: BergfeldWilma, WashenikKen, CallenderValerie, ZhangPaul, QuizaCarlos, DoshiUday, Blume-PeytaviUlrike

Hair regrowth
Improved scalp coverage

Once-daily 5% minoxidil topical foam (MTF) was well tolerated and promoted hair regrowth in women with female pattern hair loss (FPHL).

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Randomized trial of microneedling combined with 2% minoxidil topical solution for the treatment of female pattern hair loss in a Chinese population.

Author: ZhangYao, ShengYouyu, ZengYibin, HuRuiming, ZhaoJun, WangWuqing, YangQinping

Increased efficacy of hair loss treatment
Safe and effective

Microneedling combined with minoxidil was more effective than minoxidil alone in treating female pattern hair loss. The combination was safe and well-tolerated.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of lecithin-based microparticles for topical delivery of minoxidil.

Author: LeeHyo-Jung, OhDong-Won, NaMin-Ju, KimDong-Wook, YukDong-Yeon, ChoiHyoung-Chul, LeeYong-Beom, HanKun, ParkChun-Woong

Hair regrowth
Skin protection

Lecithin-based microparticles in minoxidil solution improved minoxidil delivery to the skin and promoted hair growth in mice. This method of drug delivery had higher skin penetration rates and drug retention than minoxidil solution without lecithin. Hair regrowth with lecithin was as effective as commercial minoxidil solution, but with less skin irritation and horniness.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Minoxidil Foam 5% Versus Twice-Daily Minoxidil Solution 2% in Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Phase III, Randomized, Investigator-Blinded Study.

Author: Blume-PeytaviUlrike, ShapiroJerry, MessengerAndrew G, HordinskyMaria K, ZhangPaul, QuizaCarlos, DoshiUday, OlsenElise A

Hair regrowth

Both once-daily 5% minoxidil topical foam and twice-daily 2% minoxidil topical solution help with hair regrowth, but the once-daily foam was not shown to be noninferior to the twice-daily solution.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Comparison of efficacy, safety and satisfaction of latanoprost versus minoxidil, betamethasone and in combination in patients with alopecia areata: A blinded multiple group randomized controlled trial.

Author: GhassemiMohammadreza, YazdanianNafise, BehrangiElham, JafariMohammadamin, GoodarziAzadeh

Alopecia areata treatment

Latanoprost, a drug typically used for glaucoma, was found to improve hair regrowth in patients with alopecia areata (AA) when combined with betamethasone or minoxidil. Latanoprost was well-tolerated and did not cause any adverse effects.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Similar response patterns to topical minoxidil foam 5% in frontal and vertex scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia: a microarray analysis.

Author: MirmiraniP, ConsoloM, Oyetakin-WhiteP, BaronE, LeahyP, KarnikP

Hair growth

A placebo-controlled double-blinded study of 16 men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) found that minoxidil topical foam 5% (MTF) induced hair growth in both the frontal and vertex scalp regions. MTF treatment induced the expression of hair keratin-associated genes and decreased the expression of epidermal differentiation complex and inflammatory genes in both scalp regions.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

A Single-Centre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Minoxidil Topical Foam in Frontotemporal and Vertex Androgenetic Alopecia in Men.

Author: HillmannKathrin, Garcia BartelsNatalie, KottnerJan, StrouxAndrea, CanfieldDouglas, Blume-PeytaviUlrike

Increased hair density
Increased hair width

5% minoxidil topical foam twice a day promotes hair density and width in both frontotemporal and vertex regions in men with moderate stages of androgenetic alopecia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

A randomized, single-blind trial of 5% minoxidil foam once daily versus 2% minoxidil solution twice daily in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women.

Author: Blume-PeytaviUlrike, HillmannKathrin, DietzEkkehart, CanfieldDouglas, Garcia BartelsNatalie

Hair growth
Reduced side effects
Local intolerance

This randomized, controlled trial compared the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of once-daily 5% minoxidil topical foam (MTF) with twice-daily 2% minoxidil topical solution (MTS) in women with androgenetic alopecia. Once-daily 5% MTF was found to be noninferior and as effective as twice-daily 2% MTS, with several aesthetic and practical advantages.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Effects of microneedling with 5% minoxidil topical solution combination therapy in treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

Author: JiaLingling, XiongJiachao, GuoRong, LiYufei, JiangHua

Hair regrowth
Improved hair appearance
No severe adverse events

Microneedling (MN) combined with 5% minoxidil effectively triggers hair growth in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients, with a high safety profile.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: BergerR S, FuJ L, SmilesK A, TurnerC B, SchnellB M, WerchowskiK M, LammersK M

Improved hair growth

Daily use of a 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo over a 26-week treatment period resulted in a modest and sustained improvement in hair growth.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Alopecia areata.

Author: PereraEshini, YipLeona, SinclairRodney

Alopecia areata treatment
Side effects

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, non-scarring alopecia affecting 0.1-0.2% of the population, with both genetic and autoimmune etiologies. The treatment of choice is intralesional corticosteroids, with systemic steroids also effective but associated with side effects. Other options include anthralin, minoxidil, topical immunotherapy, and systemic immunosuppressants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of a novel formulation of 5% minoxidil topical foam versus placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men.

Author: OlsenElise A, WhitingDavid, BergfeldWilma, MillerJeffrey, HordinskyMaria, WanserRita, ZhangPaul, KohutBruce

Hair loss treatment

A new 5% minoxidil topical foam (MTF) formulation was found to be safe and effective in treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men. In a 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, men using the 5% MTF showed a significant increase in hair count and a subjective improvement in hair loss condition compared to the placebo group. The 5% MTF was well tolerated over a 52-week period.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

A Systemic Review on Topical Marketed Formulations, Natural Products, and Oral Supplements to Prevent Androgenic Alopecia: A Review.

Author: AshiqueSumel, SandhuNavjot Kaur, HaqueSk Niyamul, KoleyKartick

AGA treatment

This study reviewed topical marketed formulations, natural products, and CAM treatment options for androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a condition characterized by hair loss due to androgen hormones.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Effects of minoxidil gel on burn wound healing in rats.

Author: KhazaeliPayam, KaramouzianMohammad, RohaniShohreh, SadeghiradBehnam, GhalekhaniNima

Improved wound healing

Minoxidil gel was investigated for its potential antifibrotic effect in a rat burn model. The study found that minoxidil improved wound healing by increasing angiogenesis but did not show any significant impact on collagen content or tensile strength, suggesting that its antifibrotic effect may be limited.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Randomized trial of electrodynamic microneedle combined with 5% minoxidil topical solution for the treatment of Chinese male Androgenetic alopecia.

Author: BaoLinlin, GongLin, GuoMenger, LiuTaoming, ShiAnyu, ZongHaifeng, XuXuegang, ChenHongduo, GaoXinghua, LiYuanhong

Hair growth

Combining electrodynamic microneedle treatment with 5% minoxidil topical solution was more effective in treating androgenetic alopecia in Chinese men compared to either treatment alone. This combination resulted in a 38.3/cm<sup>2</sup> improvement in hair density after 24 weeks, significantly better than the 18.8/cm<sup>2</sup> improvement seen with 5% minoxidil alone and 23.4/cm<sup>2</sup> with microneedle treatment alone.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

A randomized trial of minoxidil in chemotherapy-induced alopecia.

Author: DuvicM, LemakN A, ValeroV, HymesS R, FarmerK L, HortobagyiG N, TrancikR J, BandstraB A, ComptonL D

Reduced alopecia duration

Minoxidil decreased the duration of alopecia caused by chemotherapy. There were no significant side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

[Allergenicity degree and sensitization percentage of minoxidil in experimental animals].

Author: Jeremías TorruellaF J, Giménez CamarasaJ M

Low sensitization
Contact dermatitis

Minoxidil has a very low capacity of sensitization, confirming its low incidence of contact dermatitis in customers using topical solutions.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : Spanish

22.

Alopecia areata treated with topical minoxidil.

Author: WeissV C, WestD P, FuT S, RobinsonL A, CookB, CohenR L, ChambersD A

Hair regrowth
Allergic dermatitis

Topical minoxidil solution led to hair regrowth in 25 out of 48 patients with alopecia areata. Hair regrowth started about two months after treatment initiation and was not always maintained after stopping treatment. One patient experienced allergic contact dermatitis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Hypertrichosis in females applying minoxidil topical solution and in normal controls.

Author: DawberR P R, RundegrenJ

Reversible hypertrichosis
Hypertrichosis

Minoxidil topical solution (MTS) can cause hypertrichosis, especially in women with hirsutism. The hypertrichotic effect of MTS is reversible and does not always require discontinuation of therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

24.

Topical cetirizine for treating androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review.

Author: ChenXiaomei, XiangHongmei, YangMing

Treat AGA

Topical cetirizine was likely more effective than placebo for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It may be a suitable option for patients who have not responded to topical minoxidil. However, more well-designed studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

25.

Minoxidil topical solution: an unsafe product for children.

Author: ClaudetIsabelle, CorteyCaroline, HonoratRaphaele, FranchittoNicolas

Child poisoning

A case of significant intoxication after the ingestion of topical minoxidil is reported. This highlights the potential danger of this over-the-counter product for children and emphasizes the need for child-resistant packaging and reconsideration of its over-the-counter availability.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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