Causes of pain relievers: A Synthesis of Findings from 5 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

A systematic review of randomized clinical trials on the efficacy of cupping therapy in individuals with fibromyalgia revealed that there is a discrepancy in the efficacy of cupping therapy in improving pain intensity, quality of life, sleep disturbances, and disease impact in people with fibromyalgia. 3

Reasons for the Causes

While various causes have been identified, the exact reasons remain unclear.

Common Causes

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition with no known cause that is among the most common causes of generalized chronic pain, even affecting psychological and cognitive aspects. 3

Tension-Type Headache

Tension-type headache typically causes pain that radiates in a band-like fashion bilaterally from the forehead to the occiput. Pain often radiates to the neck muscles and is described as tightness, pressure, or dull ache.

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a diverse group of idiopathic inflammatory arthritis that affects children under the age of 16 and lasts six weeks or longer. It causes joint pain and morning stiffness, and the affected joints swell and become difficult to move. 4

Musculoskeletal Injuries

Musculoskeletal (MSK) injury is one of the major causes of persistent pain. 2

Opioid Pain Reliever Abuse

Opioid pain reliever abuse rates have increased sharply in the United States.

Prescription Drug Misuse

Prescription drug misuse has become a serious public health issue.

Accidental Acetaminophen Overdose

Acetaminophen is an OTC medication and amongst the most used pain relievers. However, accidental and suicidal acetaminophen intoxication is one of the most common causes of acute liver failure.

Causes Solutions

Fibromyalgia

There is no established cure for fibromyalgia, but treatment options include exercise therapy, medication, and cognitive behavioral therapy. 3

Tension-Type Headache

Over-the-counter analgesics can be effective for tension-type headaches. Non-medication therapies such as biofeedback, relaxation training, self-hypnosis, and cognitive therapy may also be helpful.

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis involves medication such as DMARDs, immunosuppressants, and NSAIDs, along with physical therapy. 4

Musculoskeletal Injuries

RICE therapy (rest, ice, compression, elevation) and rehabilitation are effective for musculoskeletal injuries. 2

Opioid Pain Reliever Abuse

Treatment for opioid pain reliever abuse includes medication, counseling, and rehabilitation.

Prescription Drug Misuse

Professional support is crucial for addressing prescription drug misuse.

Accidental Acetaminophen Overdose

Immediate medical attention is necessary in cases of accidental acetaminophen overdose.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities

Many studies highlight the serious issue of pain reliever abuse and overdose.

Differences

Each study explores different aspects related to pain reliever types, causes of abuse and overdose, and solutions.

Caution in Applying Research to Real Life

Pain relievers can effectively alleviate pain when used correctly. However, abuse or overdose can have severe health consequences. It is crucial to consult a doctor or pharmacist for pain reliever usage and follow their instructions. Even over-the-counter medications should be used according to the recommended dosage and instructions.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on pain reliever abuse and overdose is still not comprehensive. More research is necessary.

Future Research Directions

Further research is required to understand the causes, prevention, and treatment methods for pain reliever abuse and overdose.

Conclusion

Pain relievers can be beneficial for pain management when used appropriately, but abuse and overdose pose serious health risks. It is crucial to consult a doctor or pharmacist for advice on pain reliever usage and follow their instructions carefully.

Literature analysis of 5 papers
Positive Content
3
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
2
Article Type
1
0
2
1
4
2.

Risk Factors to Persistent Pain Following Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Literature Review.

Author: AlkassabiOthman, VoogtLennard, AndrewsPamela, AlhowimelAhmad, NijsJo, AlsobayelHana

Persistent pain

Factors associated with persistent pain following musculoskeletal (MSK) injury include high pain intensity at baseline, post-traumatic stress syndrome, medical comorbidities, and fear of movement. Identification of these factors may help prevent the development of persistent pain following MSK injury.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Efficacy of cupping therapy in individuals with fibromyalgia. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Author: Salazar-MéndezJoaquín, Cancino-ValderramaValentina, Aguilar-RománGregory, Guzmán-MuñozEduardo

Pain relief
Quality of life
Sleep improvement

This review of two studies found that cupping therapy may be effective in reducing pain intensity in people with fibromyalgia, but the certainty of the evidence is low. Further high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy of cupping therapy for improving quality of life, sleep disturbances, and disease impact in people with fibromyalgia.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

4.

Effectiveness of Early Physical Therapy Rehabilitation in Patient With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Author: MegheSampada, ChitaleNeha, PhansopkarPratik, JoshiAditi

JIA treatment
Physiotherapy
Joint pain
Stiffness

This case report presents a 12-year-old boy with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who was referred for pre-rehabilitation physiotherapy before corrective surgery for knee pain. The case illustrates the importance of physiotherapy in managing juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

5.

Prevalence and impacts of self-medication in a disadvantaged setting: the importance of multi-dimensional health interventions.

Author: NguyenCuong Tat, NguyenHien Thu, BoyerLaurent, AuquierPascal, FondGuillaume, DoKhanh Nam, DangAnh Kim, DoHuyen Phuc, LatkinCarl A, HoRoger C M, HoCyrus S H

Antimicrobial resistance
Self-medication

Self-medication is increasingly encouraged but misuse can lead to health complications and antimicrobial resistance. This study explores the potential for self-medication to negatively impact farmers' health due to occupational hazards such as pesticide exposure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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