Effects of patiromer: A Synthesis of Findings from 10 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Patiromer is a sodium-free, nonabsorbed, potassium binder approved for the treatment of hyperkalemia. 4 It has been shown in clinical trials to reduce serum potassium in patients with hyperkalemia and comorbid conditions. 2 Patiromer reduces serum potassium similarly when given with or without food. 1

The efficacy of patiromer compared to sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) in chronic hemodialysis patients is not clear. 5 SPS is associated with gastrointestinal side effects and has been linked to serious complications such as colon necrosis and perforation. 3

Patiromer is generally considered safer than SPS, with fewer gastrointestinal side effects. 2 3 Patiromer may help to optimize RAASi therapy in heart failure patients, allowing for the use of higher doses of these life-saving medications. 7

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Patiromer effectively reduces serum potassium in patients with hyperkalemia. 2 It can be administered once daily with or without food. 1 Patiromer is generally well-tolerated and has fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to SPS. 2 3 It may allow for the optimization of RAASi therapy in heart failure patients. 7

Risk Summary

The most common side effect of patiromer is gastrointestinal symptoms. 2 As patiromer uses calcium as a counter-exchange ion, it may increase the risk of hypercalcemia. 1

Comparison between studies

Commonalities between studies

Multiple studies have shown that patiromer is effective in reducing serum potassium in patients with hyperkalemia. 2 1 8 Patiromer is generally considered safer than SPS, with fewer gastrointestinal side effects. 2 3

Differences between studies

There are some variations in the effectiveness and side effects of patiromer reported in different studies. 5 3 7 This may be due to differences in the patient populations and study designs. 5

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Multiple studies have shown that patiromer is effective in reducing serum potassium in patients with hyperkalemia. 2 1 8 However, some studies have raised questions about the effectiveness of patiromer. 5

Considerations for Practical Application

While patiromer is a promising treatment for hyperkalemia, it is important to be aware of potential gastrointestinal side effects and the risk of hypercalcemia. 2 1 Patiromer can also interact with other medications, so it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before taking it. 2

Limitations of Current Research

Research on patiromer is still ongoing and more studies are needed to fully understand its long-term effects and safety. 2 1

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on the long-term effects and safety of patiromer, its interactions with other medications, and its efficacy in different patient populations. 2 1

Conclusion

Patiromer is a promising treatment for hyperkalemia, showing efficacy in reducing serum potassium levels. 2 1 However, more research is needed to fully understand its long-term effects and safety. 2 1 If considering patiromer for hyperkalemia treatment, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and to follow prescribed dosage and instructions. 2

Literature analysis of 10 papers
Positive Content
8
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
1
1
0
3
10
1.

Effects of the Potassium-Binding Polymer Patiromer on Markers of Mineral Metabolism.

Author: BushinskyDavid A, SpiegelDavid M, YuanJinwei, WarrenSuzette, FogliJeanene, PergolaPablo E

Hyperkalemia treatment
Reduces serum potassium
None mentioned

Patiromer, a potassium-binding polymer, effectively reduces serum potassium in patients with hyperkalemia, regardless of food intake. This study investigates the effects of patiromer on circulating markers of mineral metabolism, showing that it can significantly influence mineral homeostasis.

Clinical Trial, Phase IVPost-marketing surveillance. Monitors long-term safety/efficacy after approval.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

The tolerability and safety profile of patiromer: a novel polymer-based potassium binder for the treatment of hyperkalemia.

Author: PittBertram, GarzaDahlia

RAASI use
Reduced potassium levels
Gastrointestinal adverse events

Patiromer is a medication that is used to lower potassium levels in the blood. This review discusses the use of patiromer in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Cecum perforation associated with a calcium polystyrene sulfonate bezoar - a rare entity.

Author: FielDavid Carvalho, SantosIolanda, SantosJoana Eugénio, VicenteRita, RibeiroSusana, SilvaArtur, MalvarBeatriz, PiresCarlos

Hyperkalemia treatment
Gastrointestinal complications

Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disorder that can cause serious complications, including life-threatening arrhythmias. Potassium binders are the main treatment, but they can have side effects, including gastrointestinal problems.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Patiromer Lowers Serum Potassium When Taken without Food: Comparison to Dosing with Food from an Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel Group Hyperkalemia Study.

Author: PergolaPablo E, SpiegelDavid M, WarrenSuzette, YuanJinwei, WeirMatthew R

Dosing flexibility
Effective treatment
Constipation
Diarrhea
Low serum magnesium

This open-label study compared the efficacy and safety of patiromer, a potassium binder, administered without food versus with food in patients with hyperkalemia. The study found that patiromer was equally effective and well tolerated when taken with or without food, suggesting dosing flexibility.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Comparative efficacy of patiromer and sodium polystyrene sulfonate on potassium levels in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover trial.

Author: JaquesDavid A, StuckerFabien, ErnandezThomas, AlvesCyrielle, MartinPierre-Yves, De SeigneuxSophie, SaudanPatrick

Cardiovascular mortality
Hyperkalemia

Patiromer and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) are both potassium binders used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with end stage renal disease. A study found that patiromer was more effective than SPS in lowering potassium levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Gastrointestinal potassium binding in hemodialysis.

Author: PalmerBiff F, CleggDeborah J

Hyperkalemia management
Arrhythmias

This commentary discusses the potential use of K<sup>+</sup>-binding drugs to manage hyperkalemia in dialysis patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
CommentA short article/note that provides an opinion/perspective/interpretation on a published paper/topic.

Language : English

7.

Optimization of RAASi Therapy with New Potassium Binders for Patients with Heart Failure and Hyperkalemia: Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: MontagnaniAndrea, FrassonStefania, GussoniGualberto, ManfellottoDario

Hyperkalemia treatment
Cardiac failure
Edema
GI disorders
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia

This review assessed whether new potassium binders (NPBs) help optimize RAASi therapy in patients with or at risk of heart failure and hyperkalemia. The study found that NPBs, particularly Patiromer, may have a positive effect, but more research is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Hyperkalemia in heart failure: Foe or friend?

Author: RakishevaAmina, MarketouMaria, KlimenkoAnna, Troyanova-ShchutskaiaTatyana, VardasPanos

HF Treatment
Arrhythmia
Cardiac Dysfunction

This review discusses the epidemiology, pathological mechanisms, and implications of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure (HF), as well as novel therapeutic approaches to counteract it.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Patiromer to Enable Spironolactone Use in the Treatment of Patients with Resistant Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Rationale and Design of the AMBER Study.

Author: AgarwalRajiv, RossignolPatrick, GarzaDahlia, MayoMartha R, WarrenSuzette, ArthurSusan, RomeroAlain, WhiteWilliam B, WilliamsBryan

Hypertension management
Hyperkalemia

Patiromer, a potassium-binding polymer, is being investigated for its ability to prevent hyperkalemia in patients with resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease, enabling them to benefit from the blood pressure-lowering effects of spironolactone.

Clinical Trial ProtocolA plan for conducting a clinical trial. It describes in detail the purpose, design, methodology, and statistical considerations of the trial, ensuring the transparency and consistency of the trial.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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