Side Effects of patiromer: A Synthesis of Findings from 17 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Patiromer is a potassium-lowering drug that has shown promising results in reducing high potassium levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure. 17 , 7 , 3 Several studies have demonstrated that patiromer effectively lowers potassium levels in the blood. 1 Compared to the existing potassium binder, sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), patiromer has been reported to have fewer gastrointestinal side effects. 2 However, patiromer has also been linked to hypercalcemia, which is a condition of high calcium levels in the blood. 1

Reasons for Side Effects

Patiromer works by binding to potassium in the intestines, which then gets eliminated in the stool, thereby lowering potassium levels in the blood. 6 However, since patiromer can also bind to calcium in the intestines, it can lead to hypercalcemia. 1

Common Side Effects

Diarrhea

Patiromer can cause diarrhea as a gastrointestinal side effect. 17

Constipation

Patiromer can cause constipation as a gastrointestinal side effect. 17

Vomiting

Patiromer can cause vomiting as a gastrointestinal side effect. 17

Hypercalcemia

Patiromer can lead to hypercalcemia due to its binding to calcium in the intestines. 1

Side Effect Management

Diarrhea

If you experience diarrhea, stay hydrated and consult with your doctor if needed. 17

Constipation

If you experience constipation, try eating a diet rich in fiber, staying hydrated, and consult with your doctor if needed. 17

Vomiting

If you experience vomiting, stay hydrated and consult with your doctor if needed. 17

Hypercalcemia

If you suspect hypercalcemia, consult with your doctor immediately. 1

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have shown that patiromer effectively lowers blood potassium levels. 17 , 7 , 3 , 11 Additionally, patiromer has been reported to have fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to SPS. 2

Differences

Some studies have reported that patiromer can lead to hypercalcemia. 1 However, not all studies have reported this side effect. 11

Cautions for Real-Life Application

Patiromer is a promising drug for treating high potassium levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure. 17 , 7 , 3 However, because it can cause hypercalcemia, it is important to take patiromer as directed by your doctor. 1

Limitations of Current Research

Research on patiromer is still in its early stages, and there is not enough data yet on its long-term safety and effectiveness. 7 Furthermore, further studies are needed to understand the incidence and risk factors for hypercalcemia. 1

Future Research Directions

More research is needed to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of patiromer. 7 Additionally, research is necessary to shed light on the incidence and risk factors for hypercalcemia. 1

Conclusion

Patiromer holds promise as a drug for effectively treating high potassium levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure. 17 , 7 , 3 However, it's important to be aware of side effects like hypercalcemia. 1 It's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions when taking patiromer and remain vigilant about potential side effects. 17

Literature analysis of 17 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
1
Article Type
1
1
1
11
16
1.

Patiromer Acetate Induced Hypercalcemia: An Unreported Adverse Effect.

Author: BhattaraiShreeyukta, PupilloStephen, Man Singh DangolGulshan, SaracErdal

Hyperkalemia treatment
Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia

Patiromer acetate, a drug used to treat hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease patients, may cause hypercalcemia, a previously unreported side effect, emphasizing the need for vigilance in monitoring calcium levels.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

2.

[Hyperkalemia treatment in chronic kidney disease patients: overview on new K binders and possible therapeutic approaches].

Author: De StefanoToni, BorrelliSilvio, GarofaloCarlo, ProvenzanoMichele, De NicolaLuca, MinutoloRoberto, ConteGiuseppe

Hyperkalaemia treatment
CKD
Hyperkalaemia

High potassium levels are common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can cause weakness, paralysis, heart problems, and death. New medications like Patiromer and ZS-9 are more effective than older treatments for high potassium levels, with fewer side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

4.

Role of Hyperkalemia in Heart Failure and the Therapeutic Use of Potassium Binders.

Author: SarwarChaudhry M S, BhagatAditi A, AnkerStefan D, ButlerJaved

Treats Hyperkalemia
Side Effects

This chapter reviews the pathophysiology of hyperkalemia and discusses the use of novel potassium-lowering compounds, patiromersorbitex calcium and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, for the treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia in at-risk populations, particularly those with heart failure.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Treatment of hyperkalemia: something old, something new.

Author: SternsRichard H, GrieffMarvin, BernsteinPaul L

Hyperkalemia treatment
Hypomagnesemia
Sodium overload

New potassium binders, such as patiromer and ZS-9, show promise as treatments for hyperkalemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Mechanism of Action and Pharmacology of Patiromer, a Nonabsorbed Cross-Linked Polymer That Lowers Serum Potassium Concentration in Patients With Hyperkalemia.

Author: LiLingyun, HarrisonStephen D, CopeM Jamie, ParkCraig, LeeLawrence, SalaymehFaleh, MadsenDeidre, BentonWade W, BermanLance, BuysseJerry

Hyperkalemia treatment

Patiromer is a non-absorbed polymer that binds and removes potassium in the colon, effectively decreasing serum potassium levels in patients with hyperkalemia. It shows promise as a treatment for hyperkalemia, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease.

Author: NatalePatrizia, PalmerSuetonia C, RuospoMarinella, SaglimbeneValeria M, StrippoliGiovanni Fm

CKD management
Hyperkalemia treatment
GI side effects

Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high potassium levels in the blood, often seen in people with kidney disease. This review discusses the different types of potassium-binding medications available for treating hyperkalemia, including newer options like patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. The review aims to provide guidance on the effectiveness and tolerability of these medications for individuals with kidney disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

[Management of hyperkalemia in Nephrology and Cardiology clinics: reality and perspectives].

Author: De NicolaLuca, GarofaloCarlo, ProvenzanoMichele, GrossetoDaniele, MagnaniGiulia, PulignanoGiovanni

Cardiovascular event reduction
End-stage renal disease reduction
Mortality reduction
Hyperkalemia

This review examines the shared aspects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (CHF), emphasizing the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASI) in managing both conditions. It also discusses the challenges of hyperkalemia induced by RAASI and explores new drug options for its management.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

9.

[Hyperkalemia in heart failure: new solutions for an old problem].

Author: RomaniSimona, PorcariAldostefano, FabrisEnrico, SinagraGianfranco

Heart failure treatment
Hyperkalemia

This review discusses the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and prognosis of hyperkalemia in heart failure patients. It highlights the challenges of managing hyperkalemia in this population and explores new drug options for its prevention and chronic treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Italian

10.

Novel approaches to management of hyperkalaemia in kidney transplantation.

Author: RizkJohn, QuanDavid, GabardiSteven, RizkYoussef, Kalantar-ZadehKamyar

Kidney transplant
Hyperkalemia

This study reviews the mechanisms of hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by high potassium levels in the blood, following kidney transplantation. The study discusses the risk factors for hyperkalemia, including the use of certain medications, and reviews the nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions used to manage hyperkalemia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

11.

Comparative efficacy of patiromer and sodium polystyrene sulfonate on potassium levels in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover trial.

Author: JaquesDavid A, StuckerFabien, ErnandezThomas, AlvesCyrielle, MartinPierre-Yves, De SeigneuxSophie, SaudanPatrick

Cardiovascular mortality
Hyperkalemia

Patiromer and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) are both potassium binders used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with end stage renal disease. A study found that patiromer was more effective than SPS in lowering potassium levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

A randomized study to compare oral potassium binders in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia.

Author: CañasAlejandro E, TrouttHayden R, JiangLuohua, TonthatSam, DarwishOmar, FerreyAntoney, LotfipourShahram, Kalantar-ZadehKamyar, HannaRamy, LauWei Ling

Potassium binder
Hyperkalemia

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of oral potassium binders versus a nonspecific laxative in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia. The study will investigate the change in potassium levels, length of hospital stay, and gastrointestinal side effects.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Optimizing Therapies in Heart Failure: The Role of Potassium Binders.

Author: ScicchitanoPietro, IacovielloMassimo, MassariFrancesco, De PaloMicaela, CaldarolaPasquale, MannariniAntonia, PassantinoAndrea, CicconeMarco Matteo, MagnesaMichele

HF treatment
Side effects of potassium binders

This narrative review discusses the impact of new potassium binders, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) and patiromer, in the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients with hyperkalemia (HK). SZC and patiromer have shown efficacy in reducing serum potassium levels, promoting the correct upgrade of therapies, and having low side effect rates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Current and future treatment options for managing hyperkalemia.

Author: WeirMatthew R

Hyperkalemia treatment
Cardiac arrhythmias
Side effects

Hyperkalemia, a condition of high potassium levels in the blood, can lead to life-threatening heart problems. It's often seen in patients with kidney disease or heart failure who are taking medications that limit potassium excretion. This review discusses both acute and chronic treatment options for hyperkalemia, highlighting the challenges in managing this condition.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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