Causes of psychotic disorders: A Synthesis of Findings from 22 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Psychotic disorders are a serious group of mental illnesses that significantly impact quality of life and are the subject of much research worldwide. These studies have yielded valuable insights into the causes, symptoms, and treatments of psychotic disorders. This article will delve into recent research on the causes of psychotic disorders, drawing upon research data.

Reasons for the Causes

The causes of psychotic disorders are believed to be a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and biological factors. Recent research suggests that the interplay of these factors plays a significant role in the development of psychotic disorders.

General Causes

Genetic Factors

Psychotic disorders are known to be more prevalent in individuals with a family history. This is attributed to the transmission of genetic predispositions for psychotic disorders from parents to offspring. 18

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors are considered to increase the risk of developing psychotic disorders. These include childhood trauma, abuse, poverty, social isolation, and substance abuse. 18

Biological Factors

Abnormalities in brain structure and function may also contribute to the development of psychotic disorders. Recent research suggests that the activity of specific brain regions and imbalances in neurotransmitters may impact the development of psychotic disorders. 19 In addition, a study suggests that disruptions in the intestinal barrier, known as "leaky gut syndrome," can lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn affects brain function and may contribute to the development of psychotic disorders. 3

Measures to Address the Causes

Genetic Factors

Genetic factors are currently not directly addressable. However, genetic testing is becoming increasingly available to identify individuals at high risk for developing psychotic disorders. Individuals identified as being at high risk can benefit from early mental health evaluations to potentially prevent onset or detect symptoms early for treatment. 18

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors are amenable to interventions. Individuals who have experienced childhood trauma or abuse can benefit from appropriate counseling and therapy to heal their emotional wounds. To address poverty and social isolation, financial assistance and initiatives promoting community engagement are essential. Substance abuse not only increases the risk of developing psychotic disorders but also exacerbates symptoms. Therefore, drug abuse prevention awareness campaigns and treatment programs for addiction are crucial. 18

Biological Factors

To address biological factors, medication is an effective treatment approach. Various types of medications for psychotic disorders are available, and appropriate choices are made based on symptoms and patient conditions. In addition to medication, psychotherapy is also a beneficial therapeutic method. Psychotherapy involves understanding the patient's mental state and their perspective on the illness, aiming to improve symptoms and facilitate their return to social life. 19

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities in Studies

These studies suggest that psychotic disorders are the result of a complex interplay of various factors. Genetic factors, environmental factors, and biological factors are believed to contribute in a complex manner. Furthermore, these studies emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment for psychotic disorders. Early detection and treatment can help prevent symptom worsening and improve quality of life.

Differences in Studies

These studies have not yet fully elucidated the specific factors that cause psychotic disorders. Also, differences in study populations and methodologies necessitate careful interpretation of results.

Considerations for Real-Life Application

These studies offer valuable insights for better understanding psychotic disorders. However, it's important to remember that research findings may not be universally applicable. The symptoms and treatments for psychotic disorders vary from person to person. Therefore, rather than blindly accepting information about psychotic disorders, it's crucial to consult with physicians and mental health professionals.

Limitations of Current Research

Current research has yet to fully unravel the specific factors that cause psychotic disorders. Moreover, differences in study populations and methodologies necessitate careful interpretation of results. Future research should include large-scale studies with more extensive sample sizes and utilize diverse research methodologies.

Future Research Directions

Overcoming psychotic disorders requires further research. It is particularly crucial to decipher the mechanisms underlying the development of psychotic disorders and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Additionally, fostering societal understanding of psychotic disorders and creating a society where patients can live comfortably is equally essential.

Conclusion

Psychotic disorders are complex conditions resulting from a complex interplay of various factors. Genetic factors, environmental factors, and biological factors are believed to contribute in a complex manner. These studies highlight the significance of early detection and treatment for psychotic disorders. Early detection and treatment can help prevent symptom worsening and improve quality of life. It is hoped that through continued research, we can gain deeper insights into psychotic disorders and build a society where patients can live with peace of mind.

Literature analysis of 22 papers
Positive Content
7
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
12
Article Type
0
0
3
5
21
2.

A Case of Fever, Impaired Consciousness, and Psychosis Caused by Nitrous Oxide Abuse and Misdiagnosed as Acute Meningitis.

Author: MatsudaNaoto, WakakuriHiroaki, UeharaKazuyuki, HyodoHideya, OharaToshihiko, YasutakeMasahiro

N2O abuse
Neurological symptoms

Nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse for recreational purposes is a growing social problem. While strictly prohibited in Japan, N2O abuse is often overlooked due to a lack of experience. This report describes a case of fever and impaired consciousness in a patient with a history of N2O abuse. Early recognition and intervention are vital to manage the long-term consequences of N2O abuse, which include vitamin B12 deficiency, neurological complications, and psychiatric issues.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Wilson Disease: A Case Report of Psychosis Preceding Parkinsonism.

Author: DunkertonSophie, ClarkeAntonia J, ThompsonElizabeth O, XiePeter, TischStephen, WorthingtonJohn M, AzadiAzadeh, HalmagyiGabor M

Wilson disease treatment
Parkinsonism
Psychosis

This case report describes a 48-year-old man with parkinsonism, schizophrenia, and psychotic depression who was ultimately diagnosed with Wilson disease, a rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism. This case highlights the importance of considering Wilson disease as a potential cause of neuropsychiatric disturbances and emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and treatment.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Association between mental disorders and mortality: A register-based cohort study from the region of Catalonia.

Author: OlayaBeatriz, MonetaMaria Victoria, Plana-RipollOleguer, HaroJosep Maria

Excess mortality
Suicide

Mental disorders are associated with increased mortality rates, both from natural causes and suicide. This study analyzed data from Catalonia, Spain, and found that individuals with mental disorders, even those considered less severe, have a significantly higher risk of death compared to their counterparts without a diagnosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Mortality and causes of death of acute and transient psychotic disorders.

Author: CastagniniAugusto C, BertelsenAksel

Increased mortality
Suicide risk

Acute and transient psychotic disorders were associated with significantly increased mortality, particularly from suicide.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Gender Dysphoria Versus Acute Psychosis: Can One Properly Diagnose Gender Dysphoria Solely During Acute Psychosis?

Author: FisherKristy A, ScemlaSamantha, Alvarez VillalbaClara L, KroinJessica

Gender dysphoria
Psychosis
Schizoaffective disorder

This case report presents a patient with schizoaffective disorder who experienced gender dysphoria only during psychotic episodes. The authors emphasize the importance of differentiating between gender dysphoria as a symptom of psychosis and a longer-standing gender identity concern.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

12.

Explaining paranoia: cognitive and social processes in the occurrence of extreme mistrust.

Author: FreemanDaniel, LoeBao Sheng

Paranoia
Social anxiety

This study found that paranoia is associated with various cognitive and social processes. The findings identify multiple targets for interventions aimed at reducing paranoia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Healthcare professionals' knowledge, confidence and attitudes in relation to psychosis care: A systematic review.

Author: ChenJenny, El-DenSarira, PhamLily, O'ReillyClaire L, CollinsJack C

Increased knowledge and confidence in psychosis care
Stigmatising attitudes towards psychosis

This systematic review examined the knowledge, confidence, and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards psychosis care. Most HCPs demonstrated stigmatising attitudes, while some exhibited positive attitudes due to familiarity with psychosis. Low levels of knowledge and confidence were observed among certain HCPs, highlighting the need for additional education and training.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Improving Pathways to Care for Patients at High Psychosis Risk in Switzerland: PsyYoung Study Protocol.

Author: ConchonCaroline, Sprüngli-ToffelElodie, AlamedaLuis, EdanAnne, BaileyBarbara, SolidaAlessandra, PlessenKerstin Jessica, ConusPhilippe, KapsaridiAfroditi, GenoudDavina, CrameriAureliano, JouabliSondes, CaronCamille, GrobCarmina, GrosJulia, SennSmeralda, CurtisLogos, Liso NavarroAna, BarbeRemy, NanzerNathalie, HerbrechtEvelyn, HuberChristian G, MicaliNadia, ArmandoMarco, BorgwardtStefan, AndreouChristina

Early detection
Reduced treatment

Psychotic disorders are a leading cause of disability in young people. This paper describes the PsyYoung project, which aims to optimize the detection of at-risk mental states (ARMS) while reducing unnecessary psychiatric treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Mental Disorders and Oral Diseases: Future Research Directions.

Author: JouryE, KiselyS, WattR G, AhmedN, MorrisA J, FortuneF, BhuiK

Improved mental health
Improved oral health
Improved physical health
Mental disorders
Oral diseases

This article examines the complex relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases. The article highlights the substantial burden of oral diseases among people with mental disorders and reviews current evidence on interventions to reduce this burden. The article emphasizes the need for transformative research and complex interventions to address this important public health issue.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Weight and metabolic changes in early psychosis-association with daily quantification of medication exposure during the first hospitalization.

Author: VochoskovaKristyna, McWhinneySean R, FialovaMarketa, KolenicMarian, SpanielFilip, SvancerPatrik, BoronPetra, OkajiYurai, TrancikPavel, HajekTomas

Cardiovascular disorders
Schizophrenia

Cardiovascular disease, which is closely related to metabolic syndrome and obesity, is the most common cause of death in people with schizophrenia. To better understand the development of metabolic alterations early in the course of illness, this study quantified daily medication exposure in the first days of hospitalization and related it to changes in weight and metabolic markers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Approach to New-Onset Psychosis in Pediatrics: A Review of Current Practice and an Interdisciplinary Consensus-Driven Clinical Pathway at a Single-Center Institution.

Author: JonokuchiAlexander J, FensterDaniel B, McCannTeresa A, GangopadhyayMaalobeeka, GiordanoMirna, MaddocksAlexis Br, EkladiosMina, TurekColleen M, MroczkowskiMegan M, JamalNazreen, VargasWendy S

Psychosis

Psychosis in children is a complex issue. This study describes a new clinical pathway for evaluating children who present with new-onset psychosis. The pathway aims to ensure a thorough and systematic evaluation to identify a wide range of possible causes, including medical, psychiatric, and neurological conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Utilizing computer vision for facial behavior analysis in schizophrenia studies: A systematic review.

Author: JiangZifan, LuskusMark, SeyediSalman, GrinerEmily L, RadAli Bahrami, CliffordGari D, BoazakMina, CotesRobert O

Improved schizophrenia evaluation
Objective diagnosis

Computer vision-based measurement of facial expressions holds promise for adding objectivity to the evaluation and diagnosis of schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder that causes significant social and functional impairment. Currently, the diagnosis relies heavily on subjective information, making computer vision a valuable tool for improving diagnostic accuracy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

A 20-year population-based study of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with concurrent HIV and psychotic disorders.

Author: YazdaniKiana, SaltersKate, ShenTian, DolguikhKaterina, TriggJason, WhiteRandall F, ClossonKalysha, NandithaNi Gusti Ayu, HonerWilliam G, Vila-RodriguezFidel, LimaViviane Dias, MontanerJulio S G, BarriosRolando

HIV-related mortality
Mortality
Non-HIV-related mortality

People with HIV and nonschizophrenia psychotic disorders have a significantly higher risk of death compared to people with HIV alone. This risk is increased by 1.75 times for all-cause mortality, 2.08 times for HIV-related mortality, and 1.45 times for non-HIV-related mortality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

22.

Critical Issues in the Management of Agitation, Aggression, and End-of-Life in Delusional Disorder: A Mini-Review.

Author: González-RodríguezAlexandre, SeemanMary V, RománEloïsa, NatividadMentxu, PagésCarmen, GhigliazzaCamila, RosLaura, MonrealJosé A

None mentioned
Aggression
Agitation
Palliative care

This narrative review examines the staging of care in delusional disorder (DD), a disorder that begins in middle age. The review highlights the importance of addressing medical comorbidities, managing agitation and aggression, and providing end-of-life care for individuals with DD. The review suggests that insufficient attention has been given to the care needs of the accelerated aging process in DD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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