Effects of risperidone: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Risperidone has been shown to be an effective treatment for the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 1 , 3 . Furthermore, it has been found to have a faster onset of action and fewer extrapyramidal side effects compared to haloperidol. 2 . It is considered to be at least as effective as haloperidol or perphenazine in improving the symptoms of acute and chronic schizophrenia in short-term administration. 4 . However, the optimal dose of risperidone can vary depending on the individual patient and needs careful consideration. 13 .

In children with autism spectrum disorder, risperidone has shown improvements in behavior, but also carries the risk of side effects such as weight gain and drowsiness. 8 . In children and adolescents with bipolar disorder, risperidone has been found to have a quicker effect in reducing manic symptoms compared to divalproex, with potentially better tolerability. 14 . Risperidone has also shown a relative disadvantage in improving hostility compared to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia. 7 .

In patients with early psychosis, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine all demonstrated significant improvements in neurocognitive function. 10 . Regarding negative symptoms in schizophrenia, risperidone has been found to be more effective than haloperidol, and this effect may be related to its effects on positive symptoms, extrapyramidal symptoms, and depressive symptoms. 5 . When added to conventional antipsychotics in chronic schizophrenia, risperidone has been found to have comparable effects to mosapramine. 6 . Risperidone has also shown safety and effectiveness in maintaining low rates of aggressive behavior in adults with intellectual disability. 12 . In children chronically receiving risperidone treatment, it may affect cognitive-motor performance, dyskinetic movements, and behavior. 11 .

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

Risperidone has been shown to be effective in treating the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It has a faster onset of action and fewer extrapyramidal side effects compared to haloperidol. In children and adolescents with bipolar disorder, risperidone has been found to have a quicker effect in reducing manic symptoms compared to divalproex.

Risk summary

Risperidone carries the risk of side effects such as weight gain, drowsiness, extrapyramidal symptoms, and elevated prolactin levels. These side effects may be dose-dependent.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities in studies

Multiple studies have shown that risperidone is effective in treating schizophrenia. It has been found to have fewer extrapyramidal side effects compared to haloperidol.

Differences in studies

Risperidone has been studied as a treatment for various mental health conditions, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, early psychosis, and intellectual disability. These studies have reported different findings on the effectiveness and safety of risperidone.

Consistency and contradiction in findings

Multiple studies suggest that risperidone is a potentially effective treatment for schizophrenia. However, the effectiveness of risperidone may vary depending on the patient and their specific condition. Risperidone carries the risk of side effects such as weight gain, drowsiness, and extrapyramidal symptoms. These side effects may be dose-dependent.

Considerations for applying to real life

Risperidone should be taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional. It carries the risk of side effects such as weight gain, drowsiness, and extrapyramidal symptoms. If you experience any side effects, consult your healthcare provider.

Limitations of current research

Long-term effects and safety of risperidone have not been fully investigated. The effectiveness of risperidone may vary depending on the patient and their specific condition.

Future research direction

Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects and safety of risperidone, as well as ways to maximize its effectiveness and minimize its side effects.

Conclusion

Risperidone may be an effective treatment for schizophrenia, but it carries the risk of side effects such as weight gain, drowsiness, and extrapyramidal symptoms. It is important to take risperidone as prescribed by your healthcare provider and to be aware of the potential side effects.

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
13
1
1
2
14
1.

Risperidone: clinical development: north American results.

Author: MarderS R

Low extrapyramidal side effects
Reduce schizophrenia symptoms

Risperidone, an antipsychotic medication, proved effective in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The optimal dose of 6mg daily was more effective than haloperidol and associated with fewer extrapyramidal side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Risperidone: clinical safety and efficacy in schizophrenia.

Author: BorisonR L, PathirajaA P, DiamondB I, MeibachR C

Less extrapyramidal side effects
Reduce schizophrenia symptoms
Reduce tardive dyskinesia

Risperidone, an antipsychotic medication, showed faster onset of antipsychotic activity than haloperidol. It was also associated with fewer extrapyramidal side effects and may even reduce the signs of tardive dyskinesia.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Changes in single symptoms and separate factors of the schizophrenic syndrome after treatment with risperidone or haloperidol.

Author: LindströmE, von KnorringL

Cognitive factor improvement
Schizophrenia treatment

Risperidone, a D-2 and 5-HT-2 receptor blocker, showed a comparable effect to haloperidol in treating chronic schizophrenic patients. Risperidone had a curvilinear dose-response curve, with an optimal effect of 4 mg/day on negative, anxious/depressive, and cognitive factors and an optimal effect of 8 mg/day on positive and excited factors.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Risperidone. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Author: GrantS, FittonA

Reduced extrapyramidal effects
Schizophrenia treatment

Risperidone, a novel antipsychotic agent, is effective in treating schizophrenia with a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms compared to haloperidol. Risperidone may be more effective than haloperidol in treating negative symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

A path-analytical approach to differentiate between direct and indirect drug effects on negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. A re-evaluation of the North American risperidone study.

Author: MöllerH J, MüllerH, BorisonR L, SchoolerN R, ChouinardG

Risperidone effective

Risperidone was more effective than haloperidol in reducing negative symptoms in schizophrenia, but this could not be fully explained by its effects on positive or extrapyramidal symptoms. Risperidone showed a favorable effect on positive and extrapyramidal symptoms compared to haloperidone.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Comparison of risperidone and mosapramine addition to neuroleptic treatment in chronic schizophrenia.

Author: TakahashiN, TeraoT, OgaT, OkadaM

Treat schizophrenia

Risperidone and mosapramine showed comparable effects in improving symptoms of schizophrenia in patients already on neuroleptic medication, with no significant difference in improvement between the two drugs. Further studies with a larger sample size and a double-blind design are required.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on hostility among patients with schizophrenia.

Author: CitromeL, VolavkaJ, CzoborP, SheitmanB, LindenmayerJ P, McEvoyJ, CooperT B, ChakosM, LiebermanJ A

Anti-hostility effect

Clozapine demonstrated a specific antiaggressive effect, showing significantly greater improvement than haloperidol or risperidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

8.

Acute and long-term safety and tolerability of risperidone in children with autism.

Author: AmanMichael G, ArnoldL Eugene, McDougleChristopher J, VitielloBenedetto, ScahillLawrence, DaviesMark, McCrackenJames T, TierneyElaine, NashPatricia L, PoseyDavid J, ChuangShirley, MartinAndres, ShahBhavik, GonzalezNilda M, SwiezyNaomi B, RitzLouise, KoenigKathleen, McGoughJames, GhumanJaswinder K, LindsayRonald L

Risperidone autism treatment
Risperidone somnolence
Risperidone weight gain

This study investigated the safety and tolerability of risperidone in children and adolescents with autism. The most common side effects were somnolence and weight gain. These side effects were generally mild to moderate and did not interfere with therapeutic changes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

A double-blind comparison of risperidone, quetiapine and placebo in patients with schizophrenia experiencing an acute exacerbation requiring hospitalization.

Author: PotkinSteven G, GharabawiGeorges M, GreenspanAndrew J, MahmoudRamy, Kosik-GonzalezColette, RupnowMarcia F T, BossieCynthia A, DavidsonMichael, BurteaVictoria, ZhuYoung, TrivediJintendra K

Improved symptoms
Reduced need for additional psychotropics
Akathisia
Constipation
Dizziness
Parkinsonism
Prolactin changes
Sedation
Somnolence
Tachycardia
Thyroid dysregulation
Weight gain

Risperidone was more effective than placebo in improving symptoms of schizophrenia in recently hospitalized patients. However, both risperidone and quetiapine were associated with side effects, including weight gain, sedation, and movement disorders.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Effects of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone on neurocognitive function in early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison.

Author: KeefeRichard S E, SweeneyJohn A, GuHongbin, HamerRobert M, PerkinsDiana O, McEvoyJoseph P, LiebermanJeffrey A

Improved functional outcome
Improved neurocognition

Olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone all produced significant improvements in neurocognition in early-psychosis patients.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Effects of risperidone on cognitive-motor performance and motor movements in chronically medicated children.

Author: AmanMichael G, HollwayJill A, LeoneSarah, MastyJessica, LindsayRonald, NashPatricia, ArnoldL Eugene

Behavioral improvement
Cognitive-motor improvement
Increased heart rate
Weight gain

This study explored the effects of risperidone on cognitive-motor processes, dyskinetic movements, and behavior in children receiving maintenance risperidone therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

12.

A double-blind placebo-controlled discontinuation study of zuclopenthixol for the treatment of aggressive disruptive behaviours in adults with mental retardation - secondary parameter analyses.

Author: HässlerF, GlaserT, PapA F, BenekeM, DiefenbacherA, ReisO,

Reduced aggression
Mild side effects

Zuclopenthixol proved to be safe and effective to keep a low rate of aggressive behaviour in adults with mental retardation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia.

Author: LiChunbo, XiaJun, WangJijun

Improved Schizophrenia Symptoms
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Insufficient Response

Risperidone, an antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia, shows a dose response relationship. Standard-lower dose range (4-<6 mg/day) seems optimal for clinical response and adverse effects. High doses (>==10 mg/day) did not show any advantage over other doses and caused more adverse effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Double-blind randomized trial of risperidone versus divalproex in pediatric bipolar disorder.

Author: PavuluriMani N, HenryDavid B, FindlingRobert L, ParnesStephanie, CarbrayJulie A, MohammedTahseen, JanicakPhilip G, SweeneyJohn A

Faster improvement
Reduced manic symptoms

A double-blind, randomized, outpatient clinical trial of 66 children and adolescents with mania found that risperidone was associated with more rapid improvement and greater reduction in manic symptoms compared to divalproex. While both drugs were safe, risperidone demonstrated a lower attrition rate and fewer adverse events.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

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