Side Effects of risperidone: A Synthesis of Findings from 17 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Findings

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat several psychiatric disorders in both children and adults. 4 , 5 Several studies have shown that risperidone has a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) compared to conventional antipsychotic drugs. 15 However, risperidone can cause other side effects.

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of risperidone occur because the drug inhibits the function of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and serotonin. 5 Dopamine plays an important role in motor control, motivation, and reward. 13 Serotonin plays an important role in mood, sleep, and appetite. 15

Common Side Effects

Weight Gain

Risperidone can cause weight gain. 2 This is believed to be due to the drug's appetite-stimulating effects. 15

Hyperprolactinemia

Risperidone can cause hyperprolactinemia. 11 This is believed to be due to the drug's increase in the secretion of the hormone prolactin. 15

Extrapyramidal Symptoms

Risperidone can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). 12 EPS are symptoms such as muscle stiffness, tremors, and involuntary movements. 10

Metabolic Abnormalities

Risperidone can cause metabolic abnormalities. 2 Metabolic abnormalities are symptoms such as elevated cholesterol levels, elevated blood sugar levels, and weight gain. 2

Other Side Effects

Risperidone can cause side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, and indigestion. 15 6

Side Effect Management

Weight Gain

It is important to maintain a healthy diet and exercise to prevent weight gain. 2

Hyperprolactinemia

If you experience symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, consult your doctor. 11 Your doctor may prescribe medication that inhibits prolactin secretion. 15

Extrapyramidal Symptoms

If you experience symptoms of EPS, consult your doctor. 10 Your doctor may prescribe medication to reduce EPS. 17

Metabolic Abnormalities

It is important to maintain a healthy diet and exercise to reduce the risk of metabolic abnormalities. 2 See your doctor regularly to check your blood sugar and cholesterol levels. 2

Comparison of Studies

Commonalities of Studies

Many studies have shown that risperidone has a lower risk of EPS compared to conventional antipsychotic drugs. 15 17 However, it has also been shown that risperidone can cause side effects such as weight gain, hyperprolactinemia, and metabolic abnormalities. 2 11

Differences in Studies

The risk and severity of risperidone's side effects can vary from patient to patient. 5 For example, one study has shown that risperidone has a higher risk of weight gain compared to other antipsychotic drugs. 2 On the other hand, another study has shown that risperidone has a low risk of weight gain. 7 Also, risperidone has been shown to have a higher risk of EPS in some patients. 12

Cautions for Application in Real Life

Risperidone is an effective medication for treating psychiatric disorders, but it is important to be aware of the risk of side effects. 4 If you are taking risperidone, consult your doctor to understand the risks and benefits of the medication before taking it. 14

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the side effects of risperidone is still insufficient. 5 The risk and severity of risperidone's side effects can vary from patient to patient. 5 Therefore, if you are taking risperidone, consult your doctor to understand the risks and benefits of the medication before taking it. 14

Directions for Future Research

Further research on the side effects of risperidone is needed. 5 In particular, it is important to identify factors that can predict the risk and severity of risperidone's side effects. 13 In addition, new treatments and preventive measures are needed to reduce the side effects of risperidone. 10

Conclusion

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat several psychiatric disorders. 4 Risperidone has been shown to have a lower risk of EPS compared to conventional antipsychotic drugs. 15 However, risperidone can cause side effects such as weight gain, hyperprolactinemia, and metabolic abnormalities. 2 If you are taking risperidone, consult your doctor to understand the risks and benefits of the medication before taking it. 14

Literature analysis of 17 papers
Positive Content
14
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
5
0
0
2
17
1.

Adverse effects of risperidone and haloperidol treatment in schizophrenia.

Author: YenYung-Chieh, LungFor-Wey, ChongMian-Yoon

Improved negative symptoms
Extrapyramidal side effects

Risperidone was more effective than haloperidol in improving negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Risperidone was also better tolerated. Serum prolactin levels could predict the severity of parkinsonism and dyskinesia.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Metabolic risk with second-generation antipsychotic treatment: a double-blind randomized 8-week trial of risperidone and olanzapine.

Author: KellyDeanna L, ConleyRobert R, LoveRaymond C, MorrisonJohn A, McMahonRobert P

Psychotic treatment
Metabolic disturbances
Weight gain

This study examined weight and metabolic changes in patients treated with risperidone and olanzapine, two widely used second-generation antipsychotics. The study addressed the importance of early monitoring for metabolic side effects associated with these medications.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

A double-blind placebo-controlled discontinuation study of zuclopenthixol for the treatment of aggressive disruptive behaviours in adults with mental retardation - secondary parameter analyses.

Author: HässlerF, GlaserT, PapA F, BenekeM, DiefenbacherA, ReisO,

Reduced aggression
Mild side effects

Zuclopenthixol proved to be safe and effective to keep a low rate of aggressive behaviour in adults with mental retardation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Side-effects of risperidone therapy mimicking cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction: implications for clinical monitoring and management.

Author: EdwardsRichard J, PopleIan K

Collapse
Drowsiness
Headache
Lethargy
Nausea
Vomiting

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that can cause side effects that mimic shunt malfunction in patients with shunted hydrocephalus. This report highlights two cases where unnecessary shunt exploration was avoided by recognizing the potential symptom overlap.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

Extrapyramidal side effects and tolerability of risperidone: a review.

Author: OwensD G

Reduced extrapyramidal side effects
Schizophrenia treatment

Risperidone was better tolerated than haloperidol in two large clinical trials of schizophrenic patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Symptom response and side-effects of olanzapine and risperidone in young adults with recent onset schizophrenia.

Author: van BruggenJohanna, TijssenJans, DingemansPetrus, GersonsBerthold, LinszenDonald

Effective schizophrenia treatment
Side effects

This study compared the symptom response and side effects of olanzapine and risperidone in patients with recent onset schizophrenia. The study found no major differences in symptom response or side effects between the two drugs. Both drugs were effective in treating positive symptoms and agitation/excitement symptoms, but neither affected disorganization or depression symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Serum concentrations, therapeutic response and side effects in children and adolescents with impulsive-aggressive symptoms during risperidone therapy.

Author: KlampflK, TaurinesR, PreussA, BurgerR, RothenhöferS, WewetzerCh, PfuhlmannB, FegertJ, GerlachM, Mehler-WexC

Effective for impulsive-aggressive symptoms

There was a linear relationship between the risperidone dose and the serum concentration of the active moiety.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

9.

Risperidone plasma levels, clinical response and side-effects.

Author: RiedelMichael, SchwarzM J, StrassnigM, SpellmannI, Müller-ArendsA, WeberK, ZachJ, MüllerN, MöllerH J

Improved clinical response
Side effects

This study investigated the relationship between risperidone dose, serum drug levels, and clinical response in patients with schizophrenia. The study also examined the influence of genetic factors on risperidone metabolism.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Prediction and assessment of extrapyramidal side effects induced by risperidone based on dopamine D(2) receptor occupancy.

Author: YamadaYasuhiko, OhnoYoshiyuki, NakashimaYoshifumi, FukudaMasato, TakayanagiRisa, SatoHitoshi, TsuchiyaFumito, SawadaYasufumi, IgaTatsuji

Predicts risk of EPS
Rational dosing
EPS risk

Risperidone, a selective monoaminergic antagonist, showed a correlation between dopamine D(2) receptor occupancy and the risk of extrapyramidal side effects, suggesting that dose adjustments could minimize these side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

A case of resistant schizophrenia responding at a higher than recommended dose of risperidone without significant side effects.

Author: RayAnirban, MukherjeeBhaskar

Improved schizophrenia response

A patient with schizophrenia who did not respond to two atypical antipsychotics and only partially responded to a therapeutic dose of risperidone showed complete response without side effects when the risperidone dose was increased to 20 mg. This case highlights the possibility of achieving good results with high doses of risperidone, if clinically appropriate.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Risperidone side effects.

Author: ConleyR R

Schizophrenia treatment
Prolactin levels

Risperidone, a combined 5-HT2/D2 antagonist, is associated with fewer motor side effects and weight gain compared to traditional antipsychotics. However, it may increase prolactin levels, although the correlation between prolactin levels and adverse events is unclear.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

16.

Pharmacogenetic study on risperidone long-acting injection: influence of cytochrome P450 2D6 and pregnane X receptor on risperidone exposure and drug-induced side-effects.

Author: ChoongEva, PolariAndrea, KamdemRigobert Hervais, GervasoniNicola, SpislaCaesar, Jaquenoud SirotEveline, BickelGraziella Giacometti, BondolfiGuido, ConusPhilippe, EapChin B

Prolactin levels

Risperidone is a medication used to treat schizophrenia. This study investigated the effects of different gene polymorphisms on risperidone levels and adverse effects in patients taking risperidone long-acting injection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

The impact upon extra-pyramidal side effects, clinical symptoms and quality of life of a switch from conventional to atypical antipsychotics (risperidone or olanzapine) in elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Author: RitchieC W, ChiuE, HarriganS, HallK, HassettA, MacfarlaneS, MastwykM, O'ConnorD W, OpieJ, AmesD

Treat schizophrenia
Motor disturbance

This article discusses the use of atypical antipsychotics in the management of schizophrenia in the elderly. It notes that while they offer advantages over conventional antipsychotics, more research is needed to confirm their long-term efficacy and safety in this population.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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