Side Effects of ruxolitinib: A Synthesis of Findings from 14 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Ruxolitinib is a medication used to treat a variety of conditions, including myelofibrosis, certain types of cancer, and certain autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes research findings regarding its side effects.

Reasons for Side Effects

Ruxolitinib is a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, which works by blocking the JAK pathway, a signaling pathway involved in immune cell activation. This can lead to immunosuppression, making the body more susceptible to infections. Additionally, ruxolitinib can interact with other medications, potentially leading to side effects.

Common Side Effects

Anemia

Ruxolitinib can inhibit red blood cell production, which may lead to anemia. 5

Thrombocytopenia

Ruxolitinib can also inhibit the production of platelets, which can lead to thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). 5

Infection

Due to its immunosuppressive effect, ruxolitinib can increase the risk of infections. 1 14

Liver Dysfunction

Ruxolitinib can potentially burden the liver, leading to liver dysfunction. 2

Skin Side Effects

Ruxolitinib may cause skin side effects such as rash, itching, and dryness. 8

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Countermeasures for Anemia

If you experience symptoms of anemia, consult your doctor and receive treatment with iron supplements if necessary.

Countermeasures for Thrombocytopenia

If you experience symptoms of thrombocytopenia, consult your doctor and receive treatment such as blood transfusions if necessary.

Countermeasures for Infection

To reduce the risk of infection, it is crucial to practice good hygiene habits such as hand washing and gargling. Regular health checkups as instructed by your doctor are also essential.

Countermeasures for Liver Dysfunction

If you experience symptoms of liver dysfunction, consult your doctor and receive treatment if necessary. To reduce the burden on your liver, avoid alcohol and fatty foods.

Countermeasures for Skin Side Effects

If you experience skin side effects, consult your doctor and receive appropriate treatment. Use moisturizers to protect your skin.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Among Studies

Numerous studies have reported that ruxolitinib can cause various side effects.

Differences Between Studies

The incidence and severity of side effects associated with ruxolitinib can differ between studies. This is likely due to various factors such as the specific disease being treated, patient age, and concomitant medications.

Precautions for Application to Daily Life

It is essential to understand the potential risks of side effects when using ruxolitinib. If you have any concerns about side effects, consult your doctor and consider adjusting your treatment plan if necessary.

Current Limitations of Research

Research on the side effects of ruxolitinib is still ongoing and incomplete. Therefore, not all potential side effects have been fully identified. Additionally, the occurrence and severity of side effects can vary greatly from person to person.

Future Research Directions Needed

Further research on ruxolitinib's side effects is needed. Elucidating the mechanisms of side effect development and finding safer usage methods are key priorities. The development of preventive measures and treatments for side effects is also crucial.

Conclusion

While ruxolitinib is an effective medication, it does carry the risk of side effects. When using ruxolitinib, it is essential to understand the potential risks, communicate with your doctor, and receive appropriate treatment.

Literature analysis of 14 papers
Positive Content
11
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
2
Article Type
0
1
0
7
13
1.

Immune Effector Cell-Associated HLH-like Syndrome: A Review of the Literature of an Increasingly Recognized Entity.

Author: FugereTyler, BaltzAlan, MukherjeeAkash, GaddamMamatha, VarmaAnkur, VeeraputhiranMuthu, Gentille SanchezCesar Giancarlo

Cytokine release syndrome
Fatal toxicity

This review explores the prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and treatment recommendations for immune effector cell-associated HLH-like syndrome (IEC-HS), a potentially fatal toxicity associated with CAR-T cell therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

Hepatic safety and efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs used in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.

Author: Terziroli Beretta-PiccoliBenedetta, BuescherGustav, DalekosGeorge, ZachouKalliopi, GeertsAnja, SemmoNasser, KolevMirjam, De MartinEleonora, JanikMaciej K, MadalenoJoão, Lalosevic StojkovicMilica, DumortierJérôme, VanwolleghemThomas, SchregelIda, SteinmannSilja, LacailleFlorence, SebodeMarcial

Hepatic efficacy
Hepatic safety

This study aimed to gather real-life data on the use of immunomodulatory drugs for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The study found that expert centers have experience using these drugs in AIH patients, although they are not conventionally used for this condition. More research is needed to better understand the effectiveness and safety of these medications in AIH patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Tocilizumab combined with ruxolitinib in the treatment of children with steroid resistant graft versus host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: report of 6 cases.

Author: ChenJie, LuJingyuan, HongXiuli, LuQuanyi

GVHD treatment
No severe adverse reactions

This article describes the successful use of tocilizumab and ruxolitinib in six children with steroid-resistant graft versus host disease (GVHD).

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Ruxolitinib in cytopenic myelofibrosis: Response, toxicity, drug discontinuation, and outcome.

Author: PalandriFrancesca, BrecciaMassimo, MazzoniCamilla, AuteriGiuseppe, ElliElena Maria, TrawinskaMalgorzata M, PolverelliNicola, TiribelliMario, BenevoloGiulia, IurloAlessandra, TieghiAlessia, HeidelFlorian H, CaocciGiovanni, BeggiatoEloise, BinottoGianni, CavazziniFrancesco, MiglinoMaurizio, BosiCostanza, CrugnolaMonica, BocchiaMonica, MartinoBruno, PuglieseNovella, BiondoMattia, VenturiMarta, ScaffidiLuigi, IsidoriAlessandro, CattaneoDaniele, KramperaMauro, PaneFabrizio, CilloniDaniela, SemenzatoGianpietro, LemoliRoberto M, CuneoAntonio, AbruzzeseElisabetta, BartolettiDaniela, PagliaSimona, VianelliNicola, CavoMichele, BonifacioMassimiliano, PalumboGiuseppe A

Cytopenic MF

Patients with cytopenic myelofibrosis (MF) have a lower probability of therapeutic success with ruxolitinib as monotherapy and a worse outcome than patients with the proliferative phenotype.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Author: ZeiserRobert

cGVHD treatment

Ibrutinib should not be added to glucocorticoids for first-line treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease, as it does not improve response. Glucocorticoid monotherapy remains the standard therapy, with ibrutinib reserved for second-line treatment of steroid-refractory cGVHD.

ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Modern Interventions for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: An Updated Pharmacologic Approach.

Author: KondratukKatherine, NetravaliIlka Arun, Castelo-SoccioLeslie

Pediatric AD treatment
Targeted treatments

This review discusses emerging treatments for pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD), including topical and systemic therapies. The review highlights the significant advances brought by targeted treatments like dupilumab and JAK inhibitors and discusses the potential role of newer therapies in managing challenging AD patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

DrugCentral 2023 extends human clinical data and integrates veterinary drugs.

Author: AvramSorin, WilsonThomas B, CurpanRamona, HalipLiliana, BorotaAna, BoraAlina, BologaCristian G, HolmesJayme, KnockelJeffrey, YangJeremy J, OpreaTudor I

Adverse drug event information
Drug information
Off-label use information
Veterinary drug information

This report describes DrugCentral, a database that monitors new drug approvals and standardizes drug information. New additions include veterinary drugs, documented off-label uses, and adverse drug events from pharmacovigilance data for pediatric and geriatric patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

10.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis causing spinal cord compression in polycythemia vera: A case report and literature review.

Author: CailleteauAxel, AgbetsiviKomivi, GuimasValentine, SupiotStéphane, OllivierLuc

EMH treatment

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare cause of spinal cord compression. This study reports a case of a 70-year-old man with polycythemia vera who developed spinal cord compression due to EMH. Radiotherapy was used to treat the EMH, resulting in excellent early response and no major side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.

Language : English

12.

Pathogenic and Prognostic Roles of Paraneoplastic Leukocytosis in Cervical Cancer: Can Genomic-Based Targeted Therapies Have a Role? A Literature Review and an Emblematic Case Report.

Author: MadedduClelia, SannaElisabetta, NemolatoSonia, MulasOlga, OppiSara, ScartozziMario, La NasaGiorgio, MaccioAntonio

Symptom relief
Severe side effects

Tumor-associated leukocytosis is a poor prognostic factor in cervical cancer. This study reviews the pathogenetic mechanisms and prognostic role of leukemoid reaction (PLR) in cervical cancer. The case of a patient with advanced cervical cancer and PLR, resistant to chemotherapy, is discussed, highlighting the challenges in managing this complex situation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Current emerging and investigational drugs for the treatment of chronic hand eczema.

Author: ChengJulia, FacherisPaola, UngarBenjamin, Guttman-YasskyEmma

CHE Management

Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common condition that can be difficult to treat. This review highlights the need for new systemic treatment options for CHE due to the limited efficacy and side effect profiles of current treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

JAK inhibitors and COVID-19.

Author: LevyGabriel, GuglielmelliPaola, LangmuirPeter, ConstantinescuStefan N

COVID-19 treatment
Mortality reduction
Immunosuppression

This article discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors (JAKi) for the treatment of COVID-19. While JAKi have shown promise in clinical trials, only baricitinib is currently recommended by the WHO for severe COVID-19 due to its proven efficacy in reducing mortality.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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