Effects of sildenafil: A Synthesis of Findings from 11 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Sildenafil is a medication commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction. However, its effects on various aspects of the body, such as the heart, blood vessels, and metabolism, have been the subject of numerous studies. 8 found that pioglitazone was effective for men with erectile dysfunction who had poor responses to sildenafil. Pioglitazone is believed to enhance the effects of sildenafil and improve erectile function. 3 found that sildenafil can cause side effects such as increased heart rate, flushing, headache, and indigestion in young healthy volunteers. 1 demonstrated that sildenafil can affect blood pressure and cardiac output, but these effects were generally not significant enough to pose a problem when using sildenafil for its intended purpose. 7 showed that sildenafil can lower microalbuminuria and HbA1c levels in men with type 2 diabetes. This suggests that sildenafil may improve the function of the vascular endothelium and help prevent diabetic complications. 10 found that sildenafil can improve insulin sensitivity in men with prediabetes, suggesting that it may be effective in preventing diabetes. 2 revealed that sildenafil can increase sympathetic nervous system activity. Increased sympathetic activity can cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. 6 found that sildenafil slightly increased cardiac output in men with coronary artery disease and erectile dysfunction, while isosorbide mononitrate slightly decreased cardiac output. 11 demonstrated that sildenafil is effective in improving pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart disease. This study also suggests that sildenafil is safe for use in children. 5 found that sildenafil can inhibit the contractility of the human heart. 9 revealed that there were no significant orthostatic changes in blood pressure or heart rate in healthy men when sildenafil was co-administered with silodosin, an α1a-adrenoceptor antagonist. 4 found that sildenafil may have a slight effect on sexual function quality and satisfaction in young asymptomatic men. However, this effect was not statistically significant and was not considered clinically significant.

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Sildenafil is widely used as an effective medication for treating erectile dysfunction. 8 found that pioglitazone was effective for men with erectile dysfunction who had poor responses to sildenafil. Pioglitazone is believed to enhance the effects of sildenafil and improve erectile function. 7 showed that sildenafil can lower microalbuminuria and HbA1c levels in men with type 2 diabetes. This suggests that sildenafil may improve the function of the vascular endothelium and help prevent diabetic complications. 10 found that sildenafil can improve insulin sensitivity in men with prediabetes, suggesting that it may be effective in preventing diabetes. 11 demonstrated that sildenafil is effective in improving pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart disease. This study also suggests that sildenafil is safe for use in children.

Risk Summary

Sildenafil has the potential to cause side effects such as an increased heart rate, facial flushing, headache, and indigestion. 3 found that sildenafil can cause these side effects in young healthy volunteers. 1 demonstrated that sildenafil can affect blood pressure and cardiac output. 2 revealed that sildenafil can increase sympathetic nervous system activity. Increased sympathetic activity can cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. 5 found that sildenafil can inhibit the contractility of the human heart. While these side effects are usually not significant enough to be problematic when using sildenafil for its intended purpose, caution is still advised.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities between studies

Several studies have shown that sildenafil has vasodilatory properties. This effect is linked to its efficacy in treating erectile dysfunction and its impact on the heart and blood vessels. Multiple studies have also demonstrated that sildenafil can affect blood pressure and heart rate. However, these effects were generally not significant enough to pose a problem when using sildenafil for its intended purpose.

Differences between studies

While it is clear that sildenafil can affect various organs and tissues, the extent and mechanism of these effects have varied between studies. For instance, 7 found that sildenafil lowers microalbuminuria and HbA1c levels in men with type 2 diabetes, while 10 found that sildenafil improves insulin sensitivity in men with prediabetes. These findings suggest that sildenafil's effects can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as individual health status and genetic background.

Consistency and contradictions in the results

Sildenafil's vasodilatory properties and effectiveness in treating erectile dysfunction are consistent findings across many studies. However, the potential for sildenafil to affect the heart, blood vessels, and metabolism is still being investigated, and the extent and mechanisms of these effects vary across studies. These discrepancies suggest that sildenafil's effects can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as individual health status and genetic background. Further research is needed to accurately assess the effects and side effects of sildenafil.

Cautions for applying results to real life

Sildenafil is widely used as an effective medication for treating erectile dysfunction. However, it can affect the heart, blood vessels, and metabolism. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate these effects. The findings highlight several key considerations when taking sildenafil. For example, sildenafil can affect blood pressure and heart rate. Therefore, individuals with heart disease, high blood pressure, or other health conditions should consult a doctor before taking sildenafil. Sildenafil should also be avoided when taking nitrate drugs, as these drugs lower blood pressure, and combining them with sildenafil can lead to excessively low blood pressure. Additionally, sildenafil can interact with other medications. Therefore, individuals taking other medications should consult a doctor before taking sildenafil. Sildenafil can cause various side effects. Therefore, individuals should contact a doctor immediately if they experience any side effects while taking sildenafil.

Limitations of current research

Despite the many studies conducted on sildenafil, its full impact is not yet fully understood. For instance, the long-term effects of sildenafil and the effects of individual genetic backgrounds are not yet fully known. Furthermore, more detailed research is needed on the various side effects of sildenafil. To overcome these research limitations, further studies are necessary.

Future research directions

Future research on sildenafil should focus on clarifying its long-term effects and the influence of individual genetic backgrounds. Detailed investigation into the various side effects of sildenafil is also necessary. Furthermore, research should explore the effects of combining sildenafil with other medications.

Conclusion

Sildenafil is a commonly used medication for treating erectile dysfunction. However, it can potentially affect the heart, blood vessels, and metabolism. Further research is needed to accurately assess the effects and side effects of sildenafil. If you experience any side effects while taking sildenafil, consult your doctor immediately.

Literature analysis of 11 papers
Positive Content
11
Neutral Content
0
Negative Content
0
Article Type
10
1
0
0
11
1.

Effects of sildenafil citrate on human hemodynamics.

Author: JacksonG, BenjaminN, JacksonN, AllenM J

Improved erectile function
Reduced blood pressure
Headache
Vasodilation

This study assessed the effects of sildenafil on blood pressure and hemodynamic parameters in healthy men and men with stable ischemic heart disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Sympathetic activation by sildenafil.

Author: PhillipsB G, KatoM, PesekC A, WinnickiM, NarkiewiczK, DavisonD, SomersV K

Treat erectile dysfunction
Sympathetic activation

This study found that sildenafil significantly increased sympathetic nerve activity and plasma norepinephrine levels, both at rest and during stress. This suggests that sildenafil may increase the risk of cardiovascular events.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

3.

Evaluation of side effects of sildenafil in group of young healthy volunteers.

Author: DündarM, KoçakI, DündarS O, ErolH

Treat erectile dysfunction
Arthralgia
Dyspepsia
Flushing
Headache
Palpitation

Sildenafil, a drug for erectile dysfunction, showed a statistically significant increase in heart rate and common side effects like flushing, headache, and dyspepsia in sexually active volunteers, even without sexual stimulation. While these side effects may be acceptable, potential users should be informed of their likelihood.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

Sildenafil effects on sexual function in asymptomatic volunteers: a controlled study.

Author: KaminRam, ZionItzhak Ben, ChudakovBella, BelmakerR H

Improved sexual satisfaction

Sildenafil may affect quality, satisfaction, and the desire for intercourse in young asymptomatic men. In a study of 10 men, sildenafil had small and borderline statistically significant effects on these parameters.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Sildenafil inhibits beta-adrenergic-stimulated cardiac contractility in humans.

Author: BorlaugBarry A, MelenovskyVojtech, MarhinTricia, FitzgeraldPatricia, KassDavid A

Erectile dysfunction treatment

Sildenafil, a drug used for treating erectile dysfunction, may blunt dobutamine-stimulated cardiac function in humans.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

6.

Hemodynamic effects of sildenafil citrate and isosorbide mononitrate in men with coronary artery disease and erectile dysfunction.

Author: JacksonGraham, KeltaiMatyas, CsanadyMiklos, EdesIstvan, BellamyGregory R, WidimskyPetr, LisaLibor, GilliesHunter

Reduced pulmonary resistance
Well-tolerated

Sildenafil 100 mg induced smaller changes in central and peripheral hemodynamic pressures compared to isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) 40 mg in men with coronary artery disease and erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil selectively reduced pulmonary resistance, which may be clinically relevant for pulmonary hypertension.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Sildenafil citrate diminishes microalbuminuria and the percentage of A1c in male patients with type 2 diabetes.

Author: Grover-PáezFernando, Villegas RiveraGeannyne, Guillén OrtízRaúl

Improved erectile function
Reduced microalbuminuria
None stated

Sildenafil citrate, when administered for 30 days, was found to significantly reduce microalbuminuria and A1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was observed in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving 40 male patients aged 35-50. The patients who received sildenafil citrate also showed a significant increase in erectile function compared to those on placebo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of pioglitazone on erectile dysfunction in sildenafil poor-responders: a randomized, controlled study.

Author: GholamineBabak, ShafieiMassoumeh, MotevallianManijeh, MahmoudianMassoud

Improved ED
Increased sildenafil response
Reduced total cholesterol

Pioglitazone increased sildenafil response in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) who had a history of poor response to sildenafil.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Lack of pharmacodynamic interaction of silodosin, a highly selective alpha1a-adrenoceptor antagonist, with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors sildenafil and tadalafil in healthy men.

Author: MacDiarmidScott A, HillLawrence A, VolinnWeining, HoelGary

Safe coadministration
Mild adverse events

Co-administration of silodosin with sildenafil or tadalafil did not cause clinically significant orthostatic changes in blood pressure or heart rate in healthy men. The study found no significant differences in orthostatic effects between the treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Treatment with Sildenafil Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Prediabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Author: RamirezClaudia E, NianHui, YuChang, GamboaJorge L, LutherJames M, BrownNancy J, ShibaoCyndya A

Fibrinolytic balance
Insulin sensitivity

This abstract discusses the potential benefits of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, in improving insulin sensitivity and fibrinolytic balance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Sildenafil for congenital heart diseases induced pulmonary hypertension, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author: AwadAhmed K, GadEman Reda, AbdelgalilMahmoud Shaban, ElsaeidyAhmed Saad, AhmedOmar, ElbadawyMerihan A

Improved oxygenation
Reduced pulmonary hypertension

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sildenafil for treating pulmonary hypertension in children.

Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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